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Biomedical subjects

R R Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to R R Bailey.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pregnancy and the nephrologist: a review of one year's experience.

A study was undertaken to assess the role that a nephrologist can play in modern obstetric practice. During 1981, 699 pregnant women were screened for covert bacteriuria. Thirty (4.3%) had bacteriuria and 24 were treated and followed through pregnancy. Acute pyelonephritis occurred in two. One of 21 intravenous urograms was abnormal. Fifteen women were seen with pregnancy-associated nephrological problems (complicated pre-eclampsia (7), reflux nephropathy (3), glomerulonephritis (3), essential hypertension (2). All women with preeclampsia had a normal intravenous urogram and recovered completely. Pregnancies in women with renal disease or essential hypertension had good outcomes for mother and baby if there was no renal insufficiency and blood pressure control was maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of trimethoprim alone with co-trimoxazole and sulphamethizole for treatment of urinary tract infections.

This study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of trimethoprim alone (300 mg daily) with both cotrimoxazole (0.96 g 12-hourly) and sulphamethizole (1 g eight-hourly) for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in general practice. Treatment was continued for five days in all patients. Twenty patients were included in each group. The cure rates (sterile urine one week after finishing treatment) for trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole and sulphamethizole were 90, 95 and 90% respectively. Side effects were minimal. It is recommended that trimethoprim alone replace co-trimoxazole for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cardiovascular changes in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Coronary angiography and left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic studies were performed after dialysis in 32 home dialysis patients (20 men) aged 49.8 +/- 8.0 years. They had been on hemodialysis for 1 to 47 months and were being considered for renal transplantation. The controls were 11 normotensive patients (6 men) aged 46.1 +/- 11 years without coronary artery disease (CAD). Ten (31%) patients had significant CAD (5 single vessel, 3 double vessel, 2 triple vessel). Cardiac index (4.57 +/- 1.3 l/min/m2), LV mass (140 +/- 43 g/m2), mean aortic pressure (103 +/- 20 mm Hg), and LV stroke work index (72 +/- 30 g X m/m2) were significantly elevated while stroke index, heart rate, LV ejection fraction, maximum dP/dT, LV end-diastolic volume and LV end-diastolic pressure were normal. The hemodynamic changes did not correlate with the time on maintenance dialysis nor with the duration of treatment for hypertension. Patients with CAD had higher LV mass and mean aortic pressure than those without CAD. The cardiac changes are thought to result from a combination of pressure and volume loads and anemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of single dose with a 5-day course of co-trimoxazole for asymptomatic (covert) bacteriuria of pregnancy.

Forty-four pregnant women with covert (asymptomatic) bacteriuria proven by suprapubic bladder aspiration were randomly allocated to treatment with either a single 1.92g dose or a standard 5-day course of co-trimoxazole. Twenty-one of 24 women were cured with a single dose. Seven of these 21 women were reinfected later in the pregnancy. All 20 women treated with a 5-day course of co-trimoxazole were cured, and 2 became reinfected later in the pregnancy. There were no side-effects of treatment, and no detrimental effects on the outcome of pregnancy. Single dose therapy should be considered as the treatment of choice for covert bacteriuria in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Active treatment of children with end-stage renal failure.

Chronic renal failure affects 1.5 children per million of the population each year. Most of these children are suitable for renal replacement therapy with the primary aim being full rehabilitation by means of a successful renal transplant. Since May 1974 12 children under the age of 16 years have entered the Christchurch dialysis-transplant programme. Six children had reflux nephropathy. Medullary cystic disease caused renal failure at the same time in identical twin girls. Dialysis was tolerated as a necessary step to transplantation. Major problems associated with home haemodialysis were the needling of the arteriovenous and the disruption of family life. After a successful transplant the children had few limitations. Chronic renal failure and its treatment in childhood were associated with growth retardation, delayed puberty and uncertainty regarding the future. With support from the family and friends these children attempted to lead a normal life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Single dose doxycycline, cefuroxime and pivmecillinam for treatment of bacterial cystitis.

There is now considerable evidence showing the benefits of single dose antibacterial treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. If single dose therapy is to become widely used it is necessary to clarify the minimum effective dose of the most efficient drugs. This paper reports three trials in women presenting in general practice with bacterial cystitis. In each trial the patients were randomly allocated to either a five day course of oral co-trimoxazole (CTM) or to doxycycline 300 mg orally, cefuroxime 1.5 g intramuscularly or pivmecillinam 600 mg orally. Thirty-eight of 45 patients treated with doxycycline were cured, compared with 44 or 45 treated with CTM. Fourteen of 20 women given cefuroxime were cured, compared with 19 of 20 prescribed CTM. Twenty-three of 30 women treated with pivmecillinam were cured, compared with all 30 given CTM. None of these three drugs, when administered as a single dose, was as effective as a single 1.92 g or 2.88 g dose of CTM used in our previous studies in domiciliary practice. These studies confirmed, however, that single dose therapy was well tolerated, preferred by the patients and side effects were minimal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Focal glomerulosclerosis--another familial renal disease?

Of 179 consecutive patients with glomerulonephritis 27 (15 percent) had focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS). Two of these 27 patients with FGS were sisters whose mother died of renal failure at 27 years of age. The father of another of these 27 patients with FGS died from renal failure at a young age. The third family included four members who reached end-stage failure. The findings from these three families suggested that FGS may be a familial or hereditary disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clostridium difficile-associated colitis: cross infection in predisposed patients with renal failure.

Four men with renal failure developed Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea while being cared for in the same ward at about the same time. Cross infection appeared to play a role. All patients had received antibiotics; three were treated for chest infections and one for a urinary tract infection. The antibiotics implicated were cefoxitin alone in two patients, cefoperazone alone in one patient and cloxacillin, cefoperazone and amoxycillin in the last patient. Two patients had received immunosuppressive agents as well. Clostridium difficile cytotoxin was detected in stools from all patients using a cell culture assay. Pseudomembranous colitis was demonstrated in two patients at sigmoidoscopy and in one at post mortem. All patient were given oral vancomycin. Two died with the disease, one following relapse in the absence of antibiotics, and two patients were cured only to die later of unrelated diseases. Isolation of affected patients seems prudent as the disease may be infectious.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗