Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R R Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to R R Bailey.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Renal papillary necrosis following regular consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Since phenacetin was removed from the Drug Tariff in New Zealand in 1974 there has been a decrease in the number of patients with analgesic nephropathy entering dialysis-transplant programmes. Since then there has been an increase in the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Experimental work in animals has shown that these drugs can cause renal papillary necrosis. We report two men with sever osteoarthritis who regularly ingested anti-inflammatory agents and developed papillary necrosis with renal insufficiency and hypertension. One patient consumed 0.5 kg of indomethacin over 10 years and the other 3.5 kg of ibuprofen, 200 g of naproxen and an uncertain amount of ketoprofen over 13 years. The increased chronic usage of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could bring about an upsurge in the incidence of papillary necrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Elimination kinetics of labetalol in severe renal failure.

1 The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered labetalol were studied in four patients with severe renal failure and in three normal subjects. 2 A new and sensitive method for the assay of plasma labetalol concentrations using high performance liquid chromatography is described. 3 Labetalol has a relatively large apparent volume of distribution (3.3-7.9 l/kg, two-compartment open model) and a relatively high plasma clearance (0.3-1.6 1 h-1 kg-1). 4 There were no significant differences between the patients with severe renal failure and the controls for any of the pharmacokinetic parameters measured. 5 In the presence of renal functional impairment, no modification of labetalol dosage is required. 6 In another study of 31 patients, glomerular filtration rate was measured at 3-month intervals for 3-18 months. In ten patients there was no change, in ten there was an improvement and in 11 there was deterioration, but in only three was this attributable to treatment. 7 In our experience with over 300 patients, we conclude that labetalol plus diuretic treatment is efficacious and safe in all grades of hypertension including those with all degrees of renal insufficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Antibiotic concentrations in the urine from kidneys of unequal function.

Little attention has been given to whether an effective concentration of an antibiotic is obtained in the urine of a patient without azotemia who has one poorly functioning kidney and a contralateral normal kidney. This study was undertaken to measure the concentration of various antibiotics in the urine from both kidneys of 20 patients with unilateral renal disease and a radiologically and functionally normal contralateral kidney. Prior to ureteric catheterization each patient received a single parenteral dose of an antibiotic. The peak urinary drug concentration from the damaged kidney per unit of its creatinine clearance exceeded that for the normal kidney for 11/13 patients treated with an aminoglycoside and 6/7 given a cephalosporin. The most severely damaged kidney had a creatinine clearance of 0.6 ml/min. This patient received sisomicin and the peak urinary concentration was only 1.8 micrograms/ml. If a damaged kidney has a creatinine clearance less than 10-15 ml/min it would seem more appropriate to use a cephalosporin rather than an aminoglycoside antibiotic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: successful cure of malignant hypertension.

The technique of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has been shown to be an alternative to vascular surgery in some cases of renovascular hypertension. A 40-year-old woman presented with malignant hypertension on the basis of fibromuscular hyperplasia involving her dominant right renal artery. The stenosis was successfully dilated and her blood pressure returned to normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Renal biopsy: an appraisal of its role in clinical nephrology.

A study was undertaken over a period of one year to assess the place of percutaneous renal biopsy in clinical nephrology. During this time 83 patients were biopsied. In 76 patients (92 percent) renal tissue was obtained at the first attempt. In the other seven patients renal tissue was obtained on a repeat biopsy after ultrasonic localisation of the kidney. Adequate renal tissue for a full histological interpretation was obtained from 82 of the 83 patients. The commonest indications for biopsy were a suspected systemic disorder, persistent proteinuria with or without the nephrotic syndrome, and abnormal renal function. In 18 patients the provisional clinical diagnosis was shown to be incorrect, while in another 17 the diagnosis was made solely on histological grounds. In only seven patients was there no histological diagnosis made. A wide spectrum of renal lesions was seen and in 35 patients the renal biopsy findings had a significant influence on patient management. Five patients developed macroscopic haematuria and one a perirenal haematoma. Percutaneous renal biopsy performed by an experienced physician and having the support of an expert histopathology service is a safe and valuable diagnostic aid for patients with a wide spectrum of renal and systemic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cefoxitin-associated renal failure.

Two elderly women suffered an acute deterioration of renal function after treatment with cefoxitin sodium. One with stable chronic renal failure due to reflux nephropathy underwent a rapid deterioration of renal function which proved fatal. The other woman had rheumatoid arthritis and developed acute tubular necrosis after treatment with gentamicin and cefoxitin. All the data suggested that the antibiotic was responsible for the deterioration in renal function. The dose of cefoxitin should be reduced in patients with renal functional impairment. Cefoxitin should either be used with great caution or not prescribed in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

A simple test for detecting pyuria.

Pyuria indicates inflammation within the urinary tract. A test strip, Cytur-Test, was used to detect a significant number of white cells in 100 consecutive urine samples and compared with the quantitative white cell concentration. The test was simple, rapid, easy to read, the false positive rate was low and the false negative rate was acceptable. In screening patients for urinary tract disease the Cytur-Test would be particularly useful if combined with tests for protein, blood and glucose.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1981

End-stage reflux nephropathy.

Gross vesico-ureteric reflux is the essential pathogenetic factor in the etiology of the small, scarred kidney of non-obstructive, chronic pyelonephritis (reflux nephropathy). 18 (12.5%) of 144 patients entering a dialysis-transplant programme had end-stage reflux nephropathy. The majority of patients initially presented with severely impaired renal function, hypertension and significant proteinuria. Documented urinary tract infections had only occurred in one-third of the patients. 8 of the 12 women presented during a pregnancy, usually with a presentation resembling toxaemia of pregnancy. Reflux nephropathy is a significant cause of end-stage chronic renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Serum and urine concentrations of cefoperazone in severe chronic renal failure.

Two studies evaluating the efficacy of cefoperazone in patients with chronic renal failure are described. In study A, 10 patients with severe chronic renal failure were given 1 g of cefoperazone intravenously over 3 minutes. The mean serum cefoperazone concentration at 30 minutes was 119.3 +/- 15.7 microgram/ml, and at 6 hours was 35.9 +/- 5.7 micrograms/ml. The mean serum half-life using the method of least squares was 6.6 +/- 1.15 hours (range, 2.5 to 15.1). The mean half-life from 2 hours onwards was 12.2 +/- 3.51 hours (range, 2.3 to 42.9). The mean peak urinary concentration of cefoperazone was 192 microgram/ml with a very wide individual range of 20 to 920 microgram/ml which was reached 0.5 to 9 hours after injection. In study B, 8 patients with chronic renal failure were treated with 1 to 2 g of cefoperazone intravenously every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days for complicated urinary tract infections. Serum and urine concentrations of cefoperazone were measured 6 hours after each morning dose. The mean 6-hour serum and urine concentrations of cefoperazone for the 4 patients treated with 2 g daily were 63 +/- 11.7 and 87 +/- 11.1 microgram/ml, respectively. The corresponding values for the 4 patients treated with 4 g daily were 106 +/- 20 and 258 +/- 32 microgram/ml. No drug accumulation occurred in any patient. No deterioration in renal function was noted. In conclusion, cefoperazone promises to be an effective and safe broad-spectrum antibiotic for patients with all degrees of renal function impairment. A dosage schedule of 2 to 4 g daily will not lead to significant drug accumulation in the presence of severe renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cefoperazone in the treatment of severe or complicated infections.

We report the use of cefoperazone in 62 cases of serious infection, most of which occurred in patients with renal impairment. 43 severe or complicated urinary tract infections, 11 cases of pneumonia and 8 with other severe sepsis were treated with cefoperazone 1 to 2 g twice daily usually for 5 to 10 days. Of the patients with urinary tract infection, all who were symptomatic showed a rapid clinical response; 26 (61%) were cured including 11 of 16 with chronic renal failure; 12 relapsed and 5 were reinfected with a different pathogen. All of these patients were infected by organisms sensitive to cefoperazone by disc testing but in 5 of those who relapsed the cefoperazone MIC was in fact greater than or equal to 50 microgram/ml. Ten of 11 cases with radiologically confirmed pneumonia were cured with cefoperazone. 7 episodes of pneumonia were in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure (6 were on dialysis) and 1 was in a patient with acute renal failure. Seven of 8 cases with severe sepsis were cured with cefoperazone. 1 patient was withdrawn from the study when acute bronchospasm followed a 2 g intravenous dose. 2 of the successfully treated patients had functioning renal transplants, 2 of 3 with severe chronic renal failure were on dialysis and 1 had acute renal failure. Side effects included minor disturbances of liver function in 6 patients (11%), diarrhoea in 7 (13%) and marked alcohol intolerance in one, 4 patients with chronic renal failure developed a coagulation disorder which was corrected with vitamin K. None of the patients showed deterioration in renal function while receiving cefoperazone. Cefoperazone promises to be an effective drug for the treatment of a wide spectrum of severe infections in hospitalised patients including those with impaired renal function.

Adolescent↗