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Biomedical subjects

R Nemoto

Publications and source records attributed to R Nemoto.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin in human prostate adenocarcinoma.

Tissue specimens from 12 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and 7 patients with benign prostate hypertrophy were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibody. The PCNA labeling index was determined by counting the number of PCNA-labeled cells in the tissue sections. Average PCNA labeling index of the benign prostate hypertrophy was 1.2 +/- 0.5%. Poorly differentiated tumors averaged 7.6 +/- 3.9% labeling versus 4.6 +/- 1.3% in moderately differentiated tumors, and well differentiated tumor in the series had a PCNA labeling index of 2.5 +/- 0.9%. The PCNA labeling indices for atypical hyperplasia were 1.9, and 4.1%, respectively. Our preliminary results suggest that the measurement of PCNA labeling index in prostate cancer may prove to be a new objective and quantitative assay of biological potential of individual tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition by a new bisphosphonate (YM175) of bone resorption induced by the MBT-2 tumour of mice.

A new bisphosphonate, disodium dihydrogen (cycloheptylamino) methylene bisphosphonate monohydrate (YM175), was compared with 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (AHPrBP) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) in terms of its effect on tumour induced osteolysis using a bladder tumour in mice (MBT-2). The method consisted of inoculating tumour cells subcutaneously (SC) over the calvaria in mice, resulting in a local tumour causing fragmentation of the bone. The compounds were active not only when administered preventively before establishment of bone resorption, but also in an inhibitory fashion once the variables were already under the influence of the tumour. This osteolysis was evaluated by measuring the increased area of bone resorption in reduced opacity to radiograph and histology. The results showed the following sequence of potency: YM175 > AHPrBP = HEBP. This inhibition was obtained with no apparent effect on the growth of the MBT-2 tumour. YM175 appears to be an interesting new bisphosphonate with possible clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Detection of numerical chromosome aberrations in urologic malignancies using in situ hybridization from formarin-fixed paraffin sections].

It has been shown that molecular cytogenetics in interphase nuclei is applicable to paraffin embedded sections from formarin-fixed materials utilizing in situ hybridization (ISH). This allows precise identification of numerical abnormalities of chromosome in tumor cells without disruption of tumor morphology. Thirteen cases of bladder cancer and twenty six cases of prostate adenocarcinoma were evaluated for numerical aberrations of chromosome 1, 7, 10, 11, 17, 18, X and Y utilizing biotinylated probes specific for the alpha satellite region. In two cases from total prostatectomy, one case from total cystectomy and two cases from TUR-P specimen, hybridized chromosomes could not be detected in individual tumor cells. With respect to the appearance of the ISH signal, optical concentration and time for the digestion enzyme has to be established essentially. This technique can now be applied on the detection of biological activity in various types of urological cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Histopathological comparison of prostatic adenocarcinoma in Japan and the United States].

Histopathological comparison of clinical prostatic adenocarcinoma between Japan and the United States (US) has been made with retrospective analyses on 1,037 and 987 cases, respectively. All cases were histologically evaluated by the same pathologist (M.H.) without previous knowledge of clinical information according to application of the Japanese General Rules for Prostatic Cancer (JGRPC) based on the predominant degree of histological differentiation, the nuclear grading by WHO classification and the Gleason grading systems. The age distribution of the patients was slightly different among both groups. However, this difference appeared not to be essential, because there existed difference of the date on diagnosis between two groups. Even though considering this time difference on registration, much more cases from Japan had stage D disease. The observed incidence of the histological differentiation classified by JGRPC among over-all cases did not show significant difference, however, the incidence among the cases with same stage between two groups differed with some statistical significance. Much more cases from the US fell in well differentiated adenocarcinoma and frequency of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher in the Japanese even in the cases diagnosed at advanced stages. The observed incidence of nuclear grade 3 was also higher in the Japanese. Gleason primary and secondary grade 5 and score 9-10 appeared more frequently in the cases from Japan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Histopathological comparison of stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma in Japan and the United States].

Histopathological characteristics of stage A prostatic adenocarcinoma from Japan (137 cases) and the United States (51 cases) were comparatively evaluated by retrospective analysis. All cases were examined by one referee pathologist (MH) using classification based on Japanese General Rules for Prostatic Cancer (JGRPC), nuclear grading by Mostofi-WHO system and Gleason grading. The incidences of the cases with well differentiated, low nuclear anaplasia and Gleason grade 1 or 2 on primary and secondary grades as well as histologic score 2-4 were much more higher in the cases from Japan as compared with those from the US. In the cases from the US proportion of the cases with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and grade 2 nuclear anaplasia exceeded those with well differentiated and grade 1 anaplasia. Adenocarcinomas with Gleason grade 3 in primary and secondary grade and 6-8 of histologic score were also more frequently observed in the cases from the US. No different distribution of each histologic grade could be obtained among the Japanese cases classified stage A2 and entire cases from the US. These results suggest that much more stage A adenocarcinoma in the US might fall into A2 if strict criteria was applied for subcalssification of stage A, which may reflected in the remarkable difference in the incidence of clinical prostatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Subrenal capsule assay of nude mice for testing the effectiveness of UFT for rat prostatic carcinoma (R3327)].

Combination effect of UFT and CDDP against the rat prostatic carcinoma (R3327) was evaluated by the subrenal capsule assay in nude mice. The tumor growth of R3327 was inhibited in proportion to the UFT concentration. Anticancer effect of UFT was elevated by co-administration of CDDP. These data suggest a clinical usefulness of UFT administration with CDDP for hormonally refractory advanced prostatic carcinoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Response of MBT-2 bladder carcinoma-induced osteolysis to various agents.

Tumor-bone interactions were experimentally studied using a bladder tumor in mice (MBT-2). The method consisted of subcutaneously inoculating tumor cells over the calvaria in nude mice after the periosteum was disrupted. This resulted in a local tumor that caused fragmentation of the bone. Bone destruction was found to increase in proportion to the number of osteoclasts in the earlier phase. The osteoclasts decreased in number when the tumors had grown large enough to envelop the residual bone. However, bone destruction continued and seemed to be mediated by the tumor cells by a mechanism that did not involve the osteoclasts. The effects of several agents were investigated in this model. High doses of calcitonin and cyclosporine reduced the bone resorption, and these agents may be effective in the early phase of bone destruction. A bisphosphonate derivative (AHBuBP) inhibited bone resorption markedly in the early and late phases of bone destruction. Autoradiography using carbon 14 (14C)-labeled AHBuBP showed that the isotope was concentrated at the surface of the bone adjacent to the MBT-2 tumors. These results suggest that bisphosphonates may make bone less susceptible to the actions of osteoclasts and tumor cells.

Alendronate↗
PubMed1992

Role of the vertebral venous system in metastatic spread of cancer cells to the bone.

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeled human prostatic cancer cells, PC-3, and murine osteosarcoma cells, POS-1 were injected into the tail veins of male mice under concomitant temporal occlusion of inferior vena cava. Five minutes after release of the venous occlusion, animals were sacrificed and various tissues, organs and the vertebral bones were examined immunohistochemically using an application of BrdU-anti-BrdU methods. Obvious BrdU labeled tumor cells, isolated or clumped, were demonstrated within the venous channels along the vertebral column, the epidural venous channels around spinal nervous tissues, in the bone marrow of lumbo-sacral vertebrae and intra- and peri-prostatic venous channels. The results suggest that a blockade of short duration of venous flow at the inferior vena cava can result in the bypassing of tumor cells through the vena cava to the vertebral venous system, which has a close connection with the peri-prostatic venous plexus. Thus, the vertebral venous system may play an important role in the metastasis of prostatic carcinoma to bone. In addition this experimental procedure is a very valuable model for studying mechanisms and prevention of bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Clinical significance of the vertebral vein in prostate cancer metastasis.

A total of 75 prostate cancer and 67 lung cancer patients with positive bone scintigrams were studied. The patterns of spread in the axial skeleton and pelvis were different between the groups. The differences in the distribution of bony metastases between prostate and lung are explained by the role of Batson's vertebral venous plexus. We developed an animal model of spinal bone metastasis to prove this route. As suspension of tumor cells was injected into the tail vein of mice with vena caval occlusion. This procedure reproducibly resulted in metastatic tumor growth in the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The prevalence of spinal bone metastasis is attributed to passage of tumor cells via the vertebral venous plexus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Prostate cancer after subcapsular prostatectomy diagnosed as benign prostate hypertrophy--clinico-pathological analysis].

Of 160 newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer during last 11 years, six (3.75%) had a prior subcapsular prostatectomy. Digital rectal examination in these six cases revealed a significant prostatic abnormality and multiple bone metastases were showed. Histological examination by step-section technique was done retrospectively using surgical materials from subcapsular prostatectomy. Two cases of incidental carcinoma were detected histologically. One showed stage A1 and another stage A2. Continuous observation should be performed after prostatectomy, even if the surgical specimens revealed no carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of suppletory estrogen or 1,25(OH)D3 on bone mineral content].

Post-menopausal changes in bone mineral content (BMC) and the effect of suppletory estrogen or 1,25(OH)D3 was studied. BMC was evaluated by means of quantitative computed tomography. Post-menopausal BMC (age 45-49) was 158.4 +/- 42.0 mg/cm3 which was significantly lower than in other subjects in the same aged group (192.3 +/- 27.1 mg/cm3). At two years, ten years and more than ten years post-menopause it decreased significantly by 17%, 30%, 55% respectively, compared with that of pre-menopausal BMC. The administration of conjugated estrogen (0.625 mg) or 1,25(OH)D3 was effective in preventing bone loss, although a transient decrease in BMC was observed in some cases to which 1,25(OH)D3 was administered. In cases of pre-menopausal bilateral oophorectomy, BMC was found to decrease significantly to the post-menopausal level about two years after operation. However, long-term estrogen replacement therapy tends to inhibit the decrease.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition by a new bisphosphonate (AHBuBP) of bone resorption induced by the MBT-2 tumor of mice.

A new bisphosphonate, 4-amino-1-hydroxybuthylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (AHBuBP), was compared with 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (AHPrBP) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) in terms of its effect on tumor-induced osteolysis using a bladder tumor in mice (MBT-2). Tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously (SC) over the calvaria in mice, resulting in a local tumor causing fragmentation of the bone. The tumor-induced osteolysis associated with osteoclasts proliferation was accompanied with reactive new bone formation. This osteolysis was evaluated by measuring the increased area of bone resorption in reduced opacity to radiograph and histologic study. The results showed the following sequence of potency: AHBuBP greater than AHPrBP = HEBP. This inhibition was obtained with no apparent effect on the growth of the MBT-2 tumor. The authors conclude that AHBuBP appears to be an interesting new bisphosphonate with possible clinical application.

Alendronate↗
PubMed1991

Urophonographic studies of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

The sonic detection and recording systems of urethral sounds generated during micturition were developed. This procedure was tentatively postulated as "urophonography" and its recording diagram as a "urophonogram". Classification of urophonograms was done on the basis of analyzing normal healthy male volunteers and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Four types of urophonograms were demonstrated according to the shape and characteristics. Types 1, 2, 3 and 4 were characterized by a diamond shape, irregular occurrences of sound spikes, the mixture of Types 1 and 2 and no remarkable sound spikes respectively. Types 1, 2, and 3 were found in BPH, while Type 4 was demonstrated in normal healthy male volunteers. After prostatectomy a high percentage of Type 4 was demonstrated. The frequency (Hz) of these sounds was around 650. Diamond shape sound showed higher value of power gain (dB) than irregular type sound. The wave length was around 0.50 (m). Comparison of urophonographic studies with conventional uroflowmetric investigation was undertaken. Urophonography was useful for investigations of dysfunctional voiding and lower urinary tract obstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

New bone formation and cancer implants; relationship to tumour proliferative activity.

The interaction between tumour and bone with respect to the proliferative activity of transplanted tumour cells was studied using five transplantable human urogenital tumours in nude mice. Cells from those tumours were injected subcutaneously over the calvaria of nude mice following disruption of the periosteum. The extent of tumour-bone interaction varied with the type of implanted tumour as shown on X-ray and by histologic examinations of the calvaria. The classic histologic pattern of bone remodelling including the destruction of bone with proliferation of osteoclasts and reactive new bone formation was seen with all five tumours. Tumour proliferative activity determined from the tumour doubling time and the S-phase fraction using bromodeoxyuridine labelling showed that the rate of reactive bone formation appeared to be inversely proportional to the rate of tumour cell proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of the invasive potential of superficial bladder cancer by adenosine triphosphate measurement.

In order to predict the malignant potential of superficial bladder cancer, in 121 patients with this malignancy adenine nucleotide levels (adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate) and energy charge in bladder cancer cells were determined. The nucleotides were analyzed according to the method of Bücher, and the energy charge was calculated by applying the formula of Atkinson. It was clearly pointed out that superficial bladder tumors, which became invasive and/or metastatic, had higher levels of adenylate compounds than those which became not. Our results show that a high correlation exists between adenine nucleotide content and tumor progression.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1991

[A model of orthotopic transplantation in mice using MBT-2].

We attempted to produce a malignant urinary bladder carcinoma in mice by transplanting MBT-2 cells. MBT-2 carcinoma about 3.0 x 10(3) cells/0.02 ml were successfully transplanted into the bladder wall with an incidence of 80% (20/25) after three experimental weeks. Inoculated tumor cells grew expansively into the bladder cavity from the bladder submucosa, and invaded the muscle layer. We observed that tumors caused gross hematuria and bilateral hydronephrosis. This malignant tumor model in which a tumor is implanted into its original organs seems to be useful for predicting clinical effectiveness in experimental cancer therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Successful treatment of recurrent kidney pelvic squamous cell cancer with chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a case report].

We report a case of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis. A 61-year-old woman was readmitted to our hospital 4 months after left nephrectomy. The medical imaging method revealed a left retroperitoneal tumor and squamous cell carcinoma related antigen (SCC-Ag) elevated (82 ng/ml). We suspected a recurrent tumor from renal pelvic cancer. She received 2 courses of systemic chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP, but the tumor did not change. As a second treatment, combined radiotherapy with PEP was given. The tumor was reduced and SCC-Ag returned to the normal level. The patient is alive with no recurrence or metastasis at one year following these therapies.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗