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Biomedical subjects

R Nemoto

Publications and source records attributed to R Nemoto.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Renal cell carcinoma extending into the vena cava: a multi-institute study.

The present paper reports the clinical results from cases of renal cell carcinoma with vena caval tumor thrombus. Fifty patients were entered into the study between 1980 and 1989. The primary tumor and vena caval tumor thrombus were completely removed in 39 (78%) patients, and 41 (82%) received postoperative treatment. The overall 12-, 36-, 60- and 90-month actuarial survival rates were 72, 41, 19 and 10%, respectively. Only tumor stage affected survival, however, other factors such as tumor grade, nodal status, metastatic status and level of vena caval involvement not affecting it. Postoperative interferon (IFN) treatment affected survival, whereas degree of curative surgery did not. The results of our study were, however, examined retrospectively in several institutes. Further investigation of the postoperative treatment for renal cell carcinoma with vena caval tumor thrombus will be necessary.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

S-phase fraction of human prostate adenocarcinoma studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling.

Forty-six patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were given an intravenous infusion of the thymidine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), 200 mg/m2, at the time of needle biopsy or transurethral resection to label tumor cells in the DNA synthesis phase. The tumor specimens were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method with anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. The BrdU labeling index, S-phase fraction, was determined by counting the number of BrdU-labeled cells in the tissue sections. S-phase fraction correlates with the results of histologic tumor grade, Gleason score, and growth patterns. The higher S-phase fraction may indicate biologic malignancy. Moreover, the degree of heterogeneity concerning S-phase fraction distribution within prostate cancer tissue could be evaluated and the findings compared with the morphologic appearance. The authors results suggest that the measurement of BrdU labeling index in prostate cancer may prove to be a new objective and quantitative assay for biologic potential of individual tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Effects of a new bisphosphonate (AHBuBP) on osteolysis induced by human prostate cancer cells in nude mice.

A new bisphosphonate, 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (AHBuBP), was compared with 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (AHPrBP) and 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) assessing their effects on tumor induced osteolysis using human prostate adenocarcinoma cells in nude mice. The method consisted of inoculating transplantable human prostate cancer cells subcutaneously over the calvaria in nude mice resulting in a local tumor causing fragmentation of the bone. The parameters included assessing the extent of decreased osteolysis in bone as judged by X-ray and histological examination. The results showed the following sequence of potency: AHBuBP greater than AHPrBP greater than HEBP. The compounds were active not only when administered preventively before establishment of bone resorption, but also in an inhibitory fashion once the variables were already under the influence of the tumor. This inhibition was obtained with no apparent effect on the growth of the tumor. AHBuBP appears to be an interesting new bisphosphonate for future clinical use.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of growth fraction in situ in human bladder cancer with bromodeoxyuridine labelling.

A group of 8 patients with invasive bladder cancer received fractionated intra-arterial infusions of the thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), 150 mg, every 6 to 10 h for 3 days before endoscopic cold cup biopsy to label tumour cells in the proliferative pool (growth fraction). The tumour specimens were fixed and stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. There was an area which could not be stained with anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody surrounding the stained area where diffusion effects could be excluded. This indicates a growth fraction less than 1 and implies that a proportion of the tumour cells in bladder tumours are cycling and contributing to growth. The BrdU labelling index (growth fraction) was determined by counting the number of BrdU labelled cells in the well labelled tissue sections. The average growth fraction of invasive bladder cancer was 38.4 +/- 7.7% (range 26.9-48.1%). Grade 3 tumours averaged 42.8 +/- 5.4% labelling versus 31.0 +/- 4.4% in grade 2. The higher growth fraction may indicate greater biological malignancy. These results indicate that immunohistochemical studies of cell kinetics using BrdU monoclonal antibodies may provide information about the biological characteristics of bladder tumours in situ.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Establishment of a model to evaluate inhibition of bone resorption induced by bladder tumor (MBT-2) in mice].

A new experimental method to test the effect of drugs on tumor induced osteolysis using a transplantable bladder tumor (MBT-2) in mice has been designed. The method consists of inoculating tumor cells sc over the calvaria in mice, causing in a local tumor with fragmentation of the bone. This was accompanied by adjacent osteoblastic changes, which were evaluated by X-ray and histological examination. APD, a bisphosphonate derivative, at a dose of 3 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg sc protected the bone by decreasing the extent of osteolysis as judged by the same criteria. This inhibition was obtained without apparent effect on the growth of the bladder tumor in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma by 131I-MIBG scintigraphy].

Between February, 1984, and June, 1988, 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) scintigraphy was performed on 48 patients with suspected pheochromocytoma at our hospital. Whole body image and/or spot images were obtained 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection of 0.5 mCi of 131I-MIBG. In 10 of 12 patients with surgically proven pheochromocytoma, 131I-MIBG was accumulated in the primary and metastatic tumor. 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was negative in 2 patients. One case of renal cyst had the accumulation of 131I-MIBG but the disease could be confirmed. By 131I-MIBG scintigraphy sensitivity was 83% (10/12), and specificity was 97% (35/36). Heart intensity was much higher in patients with nonpheochromocytoma than those with pheochromocytoma. Thus 131I-MIBG scintigraphy proved to be safe, non-invasive and specific in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of human bladder tumors by ultrastructural morphometric techniques.

To estimate the malignancy of the human urinary bladder tumors, various cellular components of normal and neoplastic bladder epithelial cells were examined using morphometric techniques at the electron microscopic level. Nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios were found to be 1:5 in normal epithelial cells, 1:4 in superficial grade 1 (G1) tumor cells, 1:3 in superficial grade 2 (G2) tumor cells and 1:2 in invasive grade 3 (G3) tumor cells. Nuclear volumes were largest in G3 tumor cells, but no differences were seen in cell volumes between normal epithelial and tumor cells. The volumes and surface areas of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and lysosomes per cell decreased progressively from G1 to G3 tumor cells. The volume density of tonofilaments was increased in G1, but decreased in G2 and G3 tumor cells. The cisternal thickness of the rER and Golgi complex was also increased in G1 tumor cells. From these results, it was concluded that morphometric analysis may be useful in evaluating the degree of differentiation and invasive potential of human bladder tumor cells in the low and intermediate risk groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical demonstration of S phase cells by anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody in human prostate adenocarcinoma.

Using a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry, we measured the incorporation of this thymidine analogue into the deoxyribonucleic acid of human prostate adenocarcinoma cells exposed in situ. Fifteen patients with prostate cancer were given an intravenous infusion of 500 mg. bromodeoxyuridine at needle biopsy to label tumor cells in the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis phase (S phase). The tumor specimens were fixed with 70 per cent ethanol, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using anti-bromodeoxyuridine monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The results showed that this method demonstrated bromodeoxyuridine-labeled nuclei satisfactorily in tissue section. The bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, S phase fraction, was determined by counting the number of bromodeoxyuridine-labeled cells in the tissue sections. Grade 3 tumors averaged 4.37 +/- 0.48 per cent labeling versus 2.41 +/- 0.49 per cent in grade 2 tumors, and grade 1 tumor in the series had an S phase fraction of 1.36 +/- 0.39 per cent. The average S phase fractions for single gland, cribriform, fused and medullary were 1.16, 2.30, 3.74 and 4.95 per cent, respectively. The results obtained with S phase fraction measured with bromodeoxyuridine labeling proved to be comparable to the results of histological grade and growth pattern. Thus, the higher S phase fraction may indicate biological malignancy. Moreover, the degree of heterogeneity concerning S phase fraction distribution within prostate cancer tissue could be compared to the morphological appearance. Our preliminary results suggest that the measurement of bromodeoxyuridine labeling index in prostate cancer may prove to be a new objective and quantitative assay of biological potential of individual tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Estimations of the S phase fraction in situ in transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter with bromodeoxyuridine labelling.

This report concerns the estimation of the S phase fraction (SPF) in situ and its value in predicting the malignant potential of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. Eighteen patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter were given a 0.5 h intravenous infusion of the thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (500 mg) at the time of surgery to label tumour cells in the DNA synthesis phase. The tumour specimens were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The BrdU labelling index, S phase fraction, was determined by counting the number of bromodeoxy-uridine labelled cells in the tissue sections. All grade 1 tumours had an S phase fraction lower than 10%. The average S phase fraction for non-invasive tumour (12 cases) and invasive tumour (6 cases) were 9.7 and 20.9%, respectively. Two patients with rapid spread of ureteric tumour showed an S phase fraction of 18.4 and 22.3%. The results obtained with the S phase fraction were comparable with histological tumour grade and invasive potential. The higher S phase fraction may indicate greater biological malignancy. We believe that determination of the S phase fraction of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter offers a new objective and quantitative assay of the biological potential of individual tumours and might have practical value in their management.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1989

[Detectability and characteristics of the primary adrenal tumor by ultrasonography--comparison with CAT scan and adrenal scintigraphy].

From March 1978 to May 1987, 22 cases of primary adrenal tumors were examined by ultrasonography. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 79 years with an average of 42.6 year, including 11 cases of pheochromocytoma, 6 cases of primary aldosteronism, 4 cases of Cushing's syndrome and 1 case of ganglioneuroma. Visualization of tumors was successful in 19 of the 22 patients (86.4%). The detecting rate of right adrenal tumors was 100% (12/12), while the rate of the left was 80% (8/10). The sizes of detected adrenal tumors were larger than 10 mm on the right and larger than 20 mm on the left. Obesity and bowel gas degraded the image of left adrenal tumors, resulting in a lower detective rate of the tumors. The suprarenal area and small lesions were best demonstrated by a lateral intercostal approach using longitudinal scanning plane and by a right subcostal approach using transverse scanning plane. In pheochromocytoma, cystic lesions (echo free space) existed, and the fact that no cystic lesion in other adrenal tumors was helpful for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. It is concluded that ultrasonography is a very useful method for diagnosis of adrenal tumors as an initial imaging procedure, because it is totally non-invasive, rapid and less expensive than all of the other techniques.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Conservative surgery of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas].

In the last ten years 19 patients with urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract underwent excision of the tumor with preservation of the ipsilateral kidney. Renal function was preserved well in all cases in 31 months of the mean follow up term. In the presence of a normal contralateral kidney, local tumor excision was done electively in 12 patients (5 lower portion of ureter, 5 low grade lesions, 2 high age), local recurrence developed 6-63 months after operation in 2 patients, and they underwent nephroureterectomy. 11 cases are alive with no evidence of disease and one is alive with contralateral renal pelvic cancer. Absolute indications for conservative surgery were solitary kidneys/non functioning contralateral kidney in 3 patients and bilateral tumor in 4 patients. Most tumors were high grade or high stage (6: grade 2,4: PT2). No one had local recurrence, but one had a metastasis to a lung, 4 were suffering from bladder cancer post-operatively. Three patients died from cancer 20-30 months after operation. Local excision of urothelial cancer should be considered not only for cases of contralateral damaged kidneys but also for low grade, low stage localized tumors. Precise preoperative evaluation of tumors using a ureteroenoscope should be made for the indication of the renal preservative operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on the urophonography (1)--Basic investigation with the model of lower urinary tract].

The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the urinary (turbulent) flow really causes the sounds during micturition in humans. For this purpose the artificial bladder and urethra, which were made of silicon rubber (3M Co. Minnesota, U.S.A.), were used. The manometric device was attached to the bladder to measure the intravesical pressure. Outside the bladder neck a prostate like protrusion surrounding the urethra was made. A microphone was attached to this protrusion to detect the sound. A recording system was also adopted. The bladder was filled with 200 ml of sterile eater. By pressurising the artificial bladder at 100 cmH2O, the water passed through the urethra. During this artificial voiding the sound detection was undertaken. At the same time uroflowmetry was also performed. It was demonstrated that sound spikes were recorded whenever water in the artificial bladder passed through the artificial urethra.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on the urophonography (2)--Clinical investigation on normal human subjects and patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy].

Recently we have developed an entirely new method of sonic detection of lower urinary tract disorders during micturition. The detection of these sounds was performed by a data catching and recording system, consisting of a detector, amplifier, and recorder. This procedure was designated as "urophonography" and its recording as "urophonogram". Twenty-five patients with BPH before and three months after suprapubic prostatectomy and 10 healthy male volunteers underwent urophonography. The urophonograms were classified into four types. Type 1 was characterized by its diamond shape, while Type 2 was characterized by its random sound spikes. Type 3 was a mixture of Types 1 and 2. Type 4 had only few sound spikes. Analysis of these urophonograms also revealed that the frequencies of these urethral sounds belonged to the range from 0.4 to 1.5 KHz. The amplitude (power) of the sounds was in the range of 40-60 dB. Healthy volunteers belonged to Type 4. BPH patients belonged to Types 1, 2 and 3 at equal frequency. Comparison of uroflowmetric parameters with urophonograms revealed that Type 3 patients with BPH showed a lesser degree of micturition disturbances, which was consistent with the weight of prostatic tumors surgically resected. Urophonography was undertaken before and after the treatment on these patients. It was clearly shown that the pattern of urophonograms shifted to normal (Type 4). It was considered that urophonograms were useful for urodynamic investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on the urophonography (3)--Clinical investigation on prostatic cancer].

Recently we have developed an entirely new method of sonic detection of lower urinary tract disorders during micturition. This procedure was designated as "urophonography" and its recording as "urophonogram". Sixteen patients with prostatic cancer before and three months after anti-androgenic therapy and ten healthy male volunteers underwent urophonography. The urophonograms were classified into four types. Type 1 was characterized by its diamond shape, while Type 2 was characterized by its random sound spikes. Type 3 was a mixture of Types 1 and 2. Type 4 had few sound spikes. Analysis of these urophonograms also revealed that the frequencies of these urethral sounds belonged to the range from 0.4 to 1.5 KHz. The amplitude (power) of the sounds was in the range of 40-60 dB. Healthy volunteers belonged to Type 4. Prostatic cancer patients belonged to Types 1, 2 and 3 at 18.8, 68.8, nad 12.4%, respectively. After the treatment the percentages of Types 1, 2, 3, and 4 changed to 18.8, 50.0, 0, and 31.2%, respectively. Comparison of uroflowmetric parameters with urophonograms showed that Type 2 patients showed a lesser degree of micturition disturbances, evidenced by these parameters. It was considered that urophonograms were useful as urodynamic investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Urogenital cancer].

Treatment of urogenital cancer has made great progress due to early detection by various imaging techniques. Renal cancer is a good example of cancer that has been diagnosed in the earlier stages by the routine imaging methods. BRM therapy of interferons and interleukin II has been proved useful for renal cancer. It has been difficult to diagnose the wall invasion of the bladder cancer. However, ultrasonic imaging has made it possible to detect precisely the invasion into the vesical muscles and adventitia. Also, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen have become more specific markers for prostatic cancer. Various treatments for this malignancy, including operative surgery, have made progress. The results of chemotherapy for testicular cancer have become fruitful by the use of cisplatin.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Tumor-bone interaction induced by transplantable human tumors in nude mice.

Tumor-bone interactions were experimentally studied using four transplantable human urogenital tumors in nude mice. The method consisted of subcutaneously (SC) inoculating tumor cells over the calvaria in nude mice after the periosteum has been disrupted. This resulted in a local tumor causing fragmentation of the bone. The degree of tumor-bone interaction also varied with the type of implanted tumors as shown in radiographic and histologic examinations. All tumors were associated with histologic patterns of classical bone remodeling, including bone destruction with osteoclast proliferation and reactive new bone formation. The evidence presented here suggests that the majority of tumor-bone interaction showed a combination of both features, bone destruction and new bone formation, and the mechanisms whereby tumors interact with bone may vary with the biological properties of the tumor. Our new system would be suitable for studying the biology of local interaction between bone and tumor cells and searching out a method to protect the bone from cancer cells.

Animals↗