Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Moore.
Bilateral pedal lymphangiography was performed in 85 patients. Anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the pelvis and abdomen were obtained with conventional radiographic technique and compared with 1.8 X magnification views obtained with a radiographic scanner that had a multiple slot system and with magnification views obtained with a standard 0.3-mm focal spot and a 12:1 grid.
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In a preliminary experiment the wet weight of the rat urinary bladder appeared to correlate with cyclophosphamide toxicity. The effect of a proposed antidote (SMES), given on various time schedules, was studied using the wet weight as a measure of toxicity. At a cose of 20 mg/kg/SMES it was found to neutralize the toxicity of 100 mg cytoxan only when given simultaneously. It is suggested that this model might be used in further studies.
Total skeletal calcium was determined in female mice with the aid of whole body neutron activation analysis. Three months treatment with heaprin produced significant osteoporosis in C3-H/St(Ha) mice but not in C57/BL6(J) mice. This was more pronounced in the younger (5-8 months) than in the older (15-18 months) animals. Two 2-thiophene carboxylic acid derivatives showed significant osteoporosis preventive activity.
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To evaluate the effect of prostaglandin inhibition on the renal blood flow of the ischemic kidney, we administered indomethacin to 10 anesthetized dogs with renal artery stenosis and contralateral nephrectomy. Following the operation to produce renal ischemia, there was an increase of blood pressure associated with an increase of renin and the prostaglandins F1 (PGF1), and E (PGE). The administration of indomethacin to the intact, normotensive animals caused the anticipated decrease of prostaglandin E, renin, and renal blood flow. However, in the hypertensive dogs, indomethacin caused a paradoxical 45 per cent increase in the renal blood flow, despite a 44 per cent decrease of prostaglandin E. PGF1, PGE, renin, and erythropoietin exhibited the anticipated decreased levels. The study suggests that prostaglandins may not be the sole important factor in the regulation of renal blood flow in the presence of ischemia. Other important factors likely include the renin-sensitive angiotensin, the adrenergic, and the kallikrein-kinin systems.
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Nitrogen assimilation in crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., was studied by comparing leaf extracts with isolated mesophyll cell and bundle sheath strand extracts. The results show that both nitrate and nitrate reductase are localized in mesophyll cells; glutamine synthetase is nearly equally distributed in the mesophyll and bundle sheath; approximately 67% of the glutamate synthase activity is in the bundle sheath and 33% is in the mesophyll; and 80% of the glutamate dehydrogenase activity is in the bundle sheath, with the NADH-dependent form exhibiting a 2.5-fold higher activity than the NADPH-dependent form.Isolated crabgrass mesophyll cells reduce NO(2) (-) coupled to the photochemical production of O(2) but are inactive with NO(3) (-). The NO(2) (-) -dependent O(2) evolution is light-dependent; inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; stimulated by photophosphorylation uncouplers; and exhibits a stoichiometry of O(2) evolved to NO(2) (-) reduced of 1.45 and 0.67 in coupled and uncoupled experiments, respectively. Isolated bundle sheath strands are inactive in O(2) evolution with NO(3) (-) or NO(2) (-).Based on these results, plus literature data, two schemes for crabgrass leaf nitrogen assimilation are presented, depending on whether the plant is using ammonium or nitrate as its nitrogen source. It is proposed that the increased nitrogen use efficiency in crabgrass and other C(4) plants is due partially to a "division of labor" between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, where NO(3) (-) and NO(2) (-) reductase in mesophyll cells act as nitrogen reduction traps in an analogous fashion to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase acting as a CO(2) trap during C(4) photosynthesis.
Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels were measured in a group of thirty-three patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and compared with twenty-five control women presenting with hirsutism and twenty-one patients with primary myxoedema. T3 levels in the AN patients were significantly lower than in the control subjects and in the patients with myxoedema while T4 levels were significantly higher than in the patients with hypothyroidism but significantly lower than in the control group. Seventeen anorexia patients had further T3 and T4 levels measured following an arbitrary 25% weight gain and both levels had increased significantly. For individual patients, the absolute rise in T3 levels was significantly correlated with the rate of weight gain. Thirteen patients had serial T3 and T4 levels measured during their periods of weight gain. Eight of these subjects showed a gradual rise in T3 levels from subnormal or low normal levels to values in the upper normal range. Four subjects showed a distinct and self limiting overshoot of T3 levels and, associated with this, the patients had clinical features of mild hyperthyroidism.
Investigation of the contraceptive mechanism of alpha-chlorohydrin was done by analyses of epididymal plasma and certain epididymal sperm characteristics after oral administration of 0, 5, 10 or 30 mg/kg, day of the drug to boars for 15 days. Water resorption in caput epididymidis was slightly decreased in all treatment groups. Sodium, potassium, chloride, glycerylphosphorylcholine levels, and seminal antigens in epididymal plasma were not altered significantly by 10 or 30 mg/kg of the drug. The boars on 5 mg/kg exhibited significantly elevated sodium, potassium, or chloride values in various segments. Motility was significantly lower on corpus and proximal cauda epididymal spermatozoa from alpha-chlorohydrin treated boars. Only boars receiving 30 mg/kg exhibited impaired sperm motility in the distal cauda. The movement of the cytoplasmic droplets to the distal position was retarded in boars on the two highest dose levels. The results suggest that the contraceptive effects of alpha-chlorohydrin in the boar is probably not mediated via an impaired epididymal function.
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A new rat mutant (nznu) is described which shows characteristics similar to those of the nude mouse. The mutant is an autosomal recessive. Homozygotes are essentially hairless (except for stunted vibriassae) and show deficient thymus gland development. Under conventional breeding conditions the mutants are difficult to raise and few survive weaning. The absence of functional thymus-derived lymphocytes in the nude rat is implied by (1) acceptance of histoincompatible skin grafts, (2) lack of response to the T cell mitogens phytohaemagglutinin and concanvalin A, and (3) absence of cells sensitive to alloantiserum directed against rat thymus-derived lymphocytes. Although total blood leukocytes from the nude rat were within the normal range, differential counting of leukocytes showed a 4-fold elevation of neutrophils and a 2.5-fold reduction of lymphocytes, compared with normal rats. Phenotypically normal heterozygotes gave values intermediate between nude and normal rats.
The silhouettes of the left ventricle seen on a cine ventriculogram were used as the graphic input to a pattern analysis programme. The programme measured the coordinates of points around silhouette. It selected the longest chord within the perimeter and determined its length, the area within the perimeter, and the volume of the resulting ellipsoid of revolution. The output from the programme was a global clinical report which included scaled reproductions of the silhouettes, maximum and minimum ventricular volumes, the stroke volume, and the ejection fraction. Local analysis consists in comparison of the contraction profile for the specific patient with the mean pattern obtained from a control group of 24 patients with no myocardial pathology. The graphical and numerical results help in following the progress of disease, in choosing candidates for coronary artery bypass, and in evaluating the results of medical or surgical treatment.