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Biomedical subjects

R Moore

Publications and source records attributed to R Moore.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The site of arterial wall rupture in transluminal angioplasty: an experimental study.

The site of arterial rupture following arterial balloon dilatation was studied in postmortem canine arteries. An atherosclerotic plaque was simulated by insertion of a solid nylon ball. Longitudinal tears of intima and media were produced at the level of the nylon ball. The site of arterial rupture can therefore be predicted if localized changes of wall strength can be neglected. On the other hand, the site of arterial rupture in clinical cases will depend mainly on the consistency and tensile strength of the diseased artery.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1982

Sweat composition in exercise and in heat.

Sweat samples were collected from the forearms of eight male volunteers using light gauze pads applied for 20-min periods. Preliminary trials indicated that this technique yielded realistic figures for both sweat volume and sweat composition. Tests were conducted under three conditions: a) outdoor exercise, cool environment; b) indoor exercise, normal room temperatures; and c) sauna exposure. In all environments, proximal forearm samples indicated a larger sweat secretion than distal forearm or hand samples. [Mg2+] decreased as sweat flow increased, but after allowance for interindividual differences of sweat volume, [Na+], [K+], [Ca2+], and [Cl-] were independent of sweat flow rates. The differential effect of sweat flow suggests active regulation rather than contamination. Interindividual differences of sweat composition could not be explained in terms of differences in personal fitness. Sauna bathing yielded sweat with a higher [Mg2+] and [Ca2+] content than did exercise; however, [Na+], [K+], and [Cl-] were similar for the three experimental conditions. Again, the data are best explained in terms of an active regulation of sweat composition. Total ionic losses do not seem sufficient to deplete body mineral reserves unless many days of training are undertaken in a hot climate.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Long-term survival determinants in Wilms' tumor.

This is a retrospective report of 54 patients with the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1946 to 1977. The age ranged from 1 month to 57 years with a mean of 7.2 years and a median age of 5 years. An analysis of the survival results showed that patients continued to die of disease until 66 months post-diagnosis, making the 5-year survival a much better evaluation criterion for this group than the traditional 2-year survival. Males fared significantly better in this series (p less than 0.01). This was not due to detectable differences in age group, or histology. While the older age group (more than 15 years old) showed a somewhat better survival outlook for the first 2 years post-diagnosis, this difference became negligible at 5 years post-diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lymphocyte thyroid hormone receptors in obesity.

Triiodothyronine (T3)-receptor characteristics of isolated circulating human mononuclear cells have been studied in a group of obese patients who claimed to be unable to lose weight on conventional 4.2 MJ (1000 kcal) diets. The cells of the obese patients exhibited a lower receptor capacity than those of a control group of non-obese subjects but the difference was not significant. There was a significant fall (P less than 0.01) in receptor capacity in the obese patients after 12 weeks in a 1.34 MJ (320 kcal) per d formula diet and this provides a further mechanism whereby a fall in metabolic rate takes place in response to severe dietary restriction. Some patients who also received T3 (60 micrograms/d) in addition to the formula diet showed a further fall in the receptor numbers. These findings may partly account for the previously reported resistance to thyroid hormones in obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Response of the Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma to radiation and various chemotherapeutic drugs.

Dunning R3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma was bilaterally transplanted in the flanks of animals at the Papanicolaou Institute in Miami, and the animals were received at the Cross Cancer Institute (Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) each month. The animal flanks were palpated weekly, and when tumor volumes reached a size of approximately 300 mm3 the animals were randomized into treatment groups for the assessment of various therapies. Tumor volumes were determined each week before and after various treatments, and tumor growth was compared to that in untreated controls. Ionizing radiation at relatively small single doses completely inhibits tumor growth for a period of up to 6 months. Some interesting characteristics of this radiation-induced growth arrest are that tumors do not die and shrink away as with some other tumor models but remain static in size and show histologic evidence of viable tumor cells. The hypoxic cell radiosensitizer misonidazole potentiates radiation response in this tumor model. Cisplatin, vincristine, etoposide, and estramustine phosphate administered in drug doses approaching their toxic limits have a partial effect on tumor growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

The surgical treatment and outcome of soft-tissue sarcoma.

Cases of 251 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities, trunk, head and neck, and retroperitoneum were reviewed. The overall five-, ten-, and 15-year survival rates were 45%, 30%, and 24%, respectively. The five-year survival rates after wide soft-tissue resections, local excision, and amputation were 59%, 42%, and 39%, respectively. Factors that significantly affected prognosis were tumor size, histologic type, local extent of the tumor, and the adequacy of the surgical procedure. The local recurrence rate was 36% after wide resection, 8% after amputation, and 65% after local excision. Local recurrence alone was treatable and evidenced overall five- and ten-year survival rates of 43% and 33%, respectively. Amputation was the most effective method to treat local recurrences in the extremities. Some guidelines are suggested to select high-risk patients for adjuvant treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Adrenal adenocarcinomas: diagnosis and management.

Thirty-two patients with adrenal adenocarcinoma are reviewed. Eleven of them had symptoms suggestive of a hormonally functional tumor. The median survival in 17 patients who had the primary tumor removed was 13.5 months from the time of surgery, with one patient surviving disease-free 19 years later. The median survival of 11 patients who did not have surgery owing to delays in diagnosis was 7.5 months from the onset of symptoms. Of six patients given O,P'DDD, two patients had objective regression, one partial, one complete. Early diagnosis may improve survival and curability of this malignant tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of various quantization methods of segmental ventricular wall motion in ischemic heart disease.

Numerous methods of measuring regional myocardial wall motion are in use. A critical comparison is needed to assess the strengths, weaknesses, accuracy, and precision of these methods. This paper reports the evaluation of five methods using computer-assisted interactive graphics. Fifty cines were selected: 16 from normal subjects, and 34 from patients with proven cardiovascular diseases. Tracings were made of the opacified left ventricle in end systole and diastole and digitized. All fifty cines were analyzed by five methods using computer-implemented graphic techniques. The results included a display of the silhouettes, which were translated and rotated according to various methods. In addition, the percent contraction for eleven myocardial regions was tabulated and displayed. The sixteen cines from normal subjects were used to derive a range of "house" normal values for region contraction patterns with which the measurements from the 34 abnormal patients were compared. The five methods were evaluated by comparing results from the computer-aided analysis with the visual assessment of two experienced radiologists. One method was found, the results from which agreed with the radiologists' visual impression for every case. This computer-aided method was quantitative and reproducible. Consequently, it can give information which supplements the visual impression.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMed1981

Radiographic scanning in barium examinations of the gastrointestinal tract.

The possibility of using radiographic scanning for gastrointestinal studies was evaluated experimentally. Two tubular barium-filled phantoms containing simulated ulcers and polyps were placed in a 25-cm water container, and radiographs made with the conventional technique and scanographic technique were compared. Images obtained with the radiographic scanner were superior in contrast and sharpness. Two-millimeter polyps could be easily detected in the larger phantom. Due to improved latitude the larger phantom could be adequately penetrated without overexposing the smaller phantom. This was not possible with the standard technique. Best results were obtained with a heavily filtered 140-kVp beam. Radiographic scanning has great promise in barium examinations of the gastrointestinal tract.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1981

Effect of postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, on the survival of subcutaneously implanted Furth Wilms' tumor.

The effect of surgery, postoperative combination chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy was evaluated in subcutaneously implanted Wistar/Furth rat Wilms' tumor. Four groups were studied. Group A (controls, no treatment given) had a median survival of 44 days. Group B (surgical excision of the primary tumor on day 14 after implantation) showed a median survival of 77 days, with 40% tumor-free long-term survivors (sacrificed on day 175). Group C (excision followed by chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, actinomycin D and adriamycin) had a median survival of 61 days with 35% tumor-free long-term survivors. Group D received the same postoperative chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy and had 55% tumor-free long-term survivors. This tumor may serve as a treatment model for some human Wilms' tumor cases who do not respond well to current therapies.

Animals↗