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Biomedical subjects

R Meyer

Publications and source records attributed to R Meyer.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Aesthetic aspects in reconstructive surgery of the nose.

Using several cases that demonstrate partial or total reconstruction of the nose, the author discusses the necessity of not only a complete functional but an aesthetically acceptable end result of the surgery. Sophisticated surgical refinements of the complex anatomic structures of the nasal tip alae and columella are strongly emphasized, with a first-time description of a newly devised forehead compound island flap for nasal reconstruction.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Sympathoadrenergic regulation of metabolism and cardiocirculation during and following running exercises of different intensity and duration.

In three different field studies running loads of 2 X 200 m and 400 m, 3 X 1000 m and 3000 m, and finally 10,000 m were performed by respective groups of sprinters, middle-, and long-distance runners. We investigated the effects of exercise on the sympathoadrenal system by determining catecholamine (CA) concentrations in the venous blood and urine [free norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI)] and the respective sulfoconjugates in plasma and various hormonal, metabolic, and cardiocirculatory parameters. Endurance-trained athletes showed a lower heart rate (HR) and plasma renin activity (PRA) at rest in comparison with the sprinters. The concentrations of the plasma CA reflected the intensity more than the duration of exercise. At rest and following recovery the ratio of free NE/EPI in plasma was markedly higher in the group of sprinters in comparison with the long-distance runners. During exercise, however, an opposite movement occurred resulting in a higher ratio in the latter group. The pre-start ratios of NE/EPI in urine were similar to those in plasma. The sports disciplines' specific differences in NE/EPI both at rest and during exercise suggest that the overall sympathetic activity, reflected by NE and EPI, is regulated in a quite differentiated pattern. The sulfoconjugated CA, however, increased less clearly after the middle- and long-distance bouts than the respective free CA which caused the ratio sulfates/free CA to decline. There were strong relations between the levels of free plasma NE and EPI and that of blood lactate which, however, rather reflects a parallelism subsequent to the highly intensive stimulation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1988

[Initial clinical experiences with heart transplantation in East Germany].

An account is given in this paper of first experience from orthotopic heart transplantation. Six of eight patients with transplants have so far survived, with two of these having been in very good general condition for more than a year. All surgical indications were derived from myocardial dilatation. A triple combination of cyclosporine A, prednisone, and azathioprine was used for immunosuppression.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1988

Antiinflammatory effect of a lipoxygenase inhibitor (FLM 5011) in severe active myocarditis.

FLM 5011 belongs to a group of chemical compounds with isolated lipoxygenase products in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages. FLM 5011 has been shown to be protective against arachidonic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in vitro and in vivo. No severe side-effects were found in extensive tests on acute and subchronic toxicity in animals. In preliminary investigations on patients with severe active myocarditis impressive clinical and histological improvements after administration of FLM 5011 have been obtained, suggesting an antiinflammatory effect of the substance. A follow-up of more than 13 months compared with conventional immunosuppressive therapy indicates potential therapeutic value of this compound on the inflamed myocardium.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Photoelectric recording of mechanical responses of cardiac myocytes.

A method to monitor contraction of isolated myocytes by transmicroscopic photometry is illustrated. Two photodiodes are mounted inside an inverse microscope used for visual control of a cell. Illumination of one diode varies in proportion to changes in cell length. The contraction signal is amplified in a comparator circuit. Spatial resolution of the device is in the order of 1 micron which corresponds to about 5% of cell shortening in the fully activated state of contraction. The method was tested on isolated myocytes from guinea-pig ventricle. Optical records of contraction in response to action potentials or during voltage clamp compare well with the contractile behavior of multicellular preparations.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Suicidal sodium azide ingestion.

Sodium azide (NaN3) is a highly reactive, toxic, widely used chemical. Although industrial exposure is common, fatal ingestion is rare. We describe the case of a 30-year-old man who ingested 15 to 20 g of sodium azide. He became comatose within two hours and eventually expired from a combination of acidosis, respiratory depression, and ventricular fibrillation. In sufficient doses, sodium azide is rapidly fatal and there is no effective treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Roentgenologic data patterns and hemodynamics in biopsy-proven dilated myocardial diseases].

The chest plain images of 63 patients suffering from histologically proved dilated myocardial diseases: primary cardiomyopathy (27), active and residual myocarditis (23), toxic cardiomyopathy (3), endomyocardial fibrosis (2), thesaurismotic cardiomyopathy (2), obstructive intramural fine vessel diseases (6) were analysed and correlated with invasively determined parameters: end-diastolic volume index, wall mass index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure, ejection fraction. The x-ray findings proved to occur in four different patterns which were defined as left heart involvement and three different patterns of bilateral left and right heart involvement representing various stages of left heart failure. This kind of image evaluation with functional classification is characterized by increased sensitivity, accuracy and information in detail in comparison with the heart lung index or other usual procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Management of insecticide resistance in control of the Simulium damnosum complex by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme, West Africa: potential use of negative correlation between organophosphate resistance and pyrethroid susceptibility.

1. Resistance of some populations of the Simulium damnosum complex to temephos (100-fold at the LC50 level), with degrees of cross-resistance to chlorphoxim (14-fold) and other organophosphate insecticides, follows intensive larvicidal control of S. damnosum s.l. in West African river systems since 1975 by the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme. 2. Larvae of at least three sibling species of the S. damnosum complex have become organophosphate-resistant: these are the forest species S. sanctipauli Vajime & Dunbar and the savanna species S. sirbanum V. & D. and S. damnosum Theobald sensu stricto. 3. Organophosphate-resistant S. damnosum s.l. larvae show increased susceptibility to some organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticides, especially to permethrin (up to 11-fold) and OMS 3002 (up to 17-fold), as compared with organophosphate-susceptible populations. 4. This differential susceptibility is reflected by increased pyrethroid efficacy in operational use for river treatments against organophosphate-resistant field populations of S. damnosum s.l. larvae. Treatment of 100 km of the lower Bandama River in 1985 showed that permethrin at the highly selective dosage of 10 min exposure to 0.01 mg/l caused reversion towards organophosphate-susceptibility of the target population of S. sanctipauli. This effect was less pronounced when the Comoe River was treated at the lower dosage of 0.005 mg/l for 10 min. 5. To overcome temephos-resistance, it is proposed that the most rational usage of currently available larvicides would involve the following annual sequence of treatments: Bacillus thuringiensis serotype H-14 when river discharge is below 75 m3/s; chlorphoxim for about eight weekly treatment cycles after river discharge rises; permethrin (or alternative pyrethroid) for up to six treatment cycles--this should eliminate any incipient selection for chlorphoxim-resistance; resume chlorphoxim (or perhaps carbosulfan) treatments until river discharge falls below 75 m3/s permitting resumed use of B.t. H-14.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1987

Self-portrayal by a depressed poet: a contribution to the clinical biography of William Cowper.

The life of the eighteenth-century English poet William Cowper, who suffered from recurrent major depression, or bipolar II disorder, is described. Since no effective treatment was available, Cowper's writings give an example of the natural history of major depression. They also illustrate the fate of a mental patient of the upper classes at that time. The authors discuss the relevance of Cowper's mother's death during his childhood to his depressive illness and draw attention to the poet's sensitive description of his own psychopathology and the lifelong course of his illness.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative analysis of enzyme activities in endomyocardial biopsy samples of patients with various cardiomyopathies].

41 patients have been investigated using invasive techniques including left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. One of six specimens per patient was investigated biochemically. 8 pts. (group A) suffered from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 13 (group B) from sarcoidosis of the lungs, 20 (group C) from so-called latent cardiomyopathy (LCM). The histological diagnoses were: normal (3 pts.), small vessel disease (4 pts.), unknown etiology (4 pts.), post myocarditis (6 pts.), residual myocarditis (12 pts.), active myocarditis (5 pts.), suspected toxic myocardial disease (6 pts.), Fabry's disease (1 pt.). The enzyme/isoenzyme activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate amino transferase (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured and compared in different hemodynamic and histologic groups. The enzyme activities from patients with impaired left ventricular function were increased. Independent from left ventricular function the activities of MDH, ASAT and LDH as well mitochondrial isoenzymes were decreased in active and residual myocarditis. The isoenzyme LDH M was increased significantly in active myocarditis and suspected toxic myocardial disease. The measurements of LDH enzyme/isoenzyme profile in myocardial tissue obtained by endomyocardial biopsy seem to support the histological diagnosis of active myocarditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of larvicides for the control of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) in West Africa.

The Onchocerciasis Control Program of the World Health Organization is carrying out an extensive screening program in a search for new larvicides to be used for control of Simulium damnosum s.l. Emphasis has been given to finding a pyrethroid and a carbamate to supplement the organophosphates currently in use. These chemicals with differing modes of action, together with Bacillus thuringiensis H-14, are being used in an attempt to cope with the development and spread of resistance to the organophosphates temephos and chlorphoxim.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1987

[Pathologico-anatomical peculiarities of ischemic heart disease in females].

In 364 women who died of myocardial infarction, autopsy was performed to assess the extent of chronic ischemic heart disease. The mean age at the time of death at 70.5 years was higher than that of men who died of myocardial infarction; only 4% of the women were less than 50 years of age. In all cases, there were severe arteriosclerotic changes in all coronary arteries. Three-forths of the patients had luminal narrowing of more than 50%, one-forth less than 50%. Accordingly, with respect to morphology, for acute myocardial infarction as cause of death, there were no differences between the sexes. The muscle mass averaging 440 g was less than that reported for comparable studies in men. In 59 women less than 50 years of age with complaints consistent with angina pectoris and angiographically-documented normal coronary arteries, left ventricular biopsies were examined for evidence of chronic ischemic heart disease. In ten patients changes in the terminal vascular beds were found which were considered to be compatible with small vessel disease and in 19 patients there were microscars and a fibrotic pattern as seen in chronic ischemic heart disease. Twelve patients had scarring and fibrosis similar to that seen after myocarditis and 18 patients had a round-cell myocarditis without evidence of involvement of the terminal vascular beds. Thus, heart muscle biopsies appear to be of value in the diagnosis of changes in peripheral arterial beds.

Adult↗