Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Müller.
An attempt is made to state the socio-cultural context, the biomedical aspects, general and specific educational objectives, and educational contents of school health education program on alcoholism and smoking respectively, and to compare these with each other by juxtaposition in a tabular presentation.
10 YEARS AFTER B-I-partial gastrectomy for a proven benign gastric ulcer a multicentric early gastric carcinoma type II b, c was detected by endoscopy and histology. This early carcinoma differed from published cases in respect of its macroscopic classification, localization and expansion. The carcinoma situated next to the anastomosis invaded the duodenal mucosa. It also invaded a polypoid fold caused by the previous surgery, thus imitating an early gastric carcinoma type I.
Matrix protein (36,500 daltons), one of the major polypeptides of the Escherichia coli cell envelope, is arranged in a periodic monolayer which covers the outer surface of the peptidoglycan. Although its association with the peptidoglycan layer is probably tight, the periodic structure of the peptidoglycan. Although its association with the peptidoglycan later is probably tight, the periodic structure is maintained in the absence of peptidoglycan, and is therefore based on strong protein-protein interactions. A detailed analysis of the ultrastructure of the matrix protein array by electron microscopy and image processing of specimens prepared by negative staining or by freeze-drying and shadowing shows that the molecules are arranged according to three fold symmetry on a hexagonal lattice whose repeat is 7.7 nm. The most pronounced feature of the unit cell, which probably contains three molecules of matrix protein, is a triplet of indentations, each approx. 2 nm in diameter, with a center-to-center spacing of 3nm. They are readily penetrated by stain and may represent channels which span the protein monolayer.
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To successfully combat cancer, research needs to be based on prospective investigations and central collation of data. An initial report is presented concerning one such investigation that has been in progress since September, 1976: "central register and combined study of testicular tumors--Bonn." The aims are to collate epidemiologic data, achieve a standardization of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and of classification, on the model of the WHO, as well as to attain maximum efficiency of diagnosis and therapy. Fourteen participating clinics in the German Federal Republic, Austria, and Switzerland, and 70 submissions of data up to the 1st of March, 1977, amply justify the efforts so far expended and encourage us to solicit the cooperation of previous nonparticipants.
The etiology of viral hepatitis is well known, since the hepatitis A virus and the hepatitis B virus were detected. There is, however, no specific treatment of the disease. Steroids should not be used, since a therapeutical value in viral hepatitis is not definitely proven and since they may contribute to the development of chronic hepatitis. The application of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG), interferon or interferon inducers in hepatitis B infections has yielded some interesting results, which, however, do not yet justify general recommendations for therapeutical use. Specific preventive measures against viral hepatitis B have been rendered possible by demonstration of HBS-Ag. In selected cases the application of standard gamma-globulin or HBIG is recommended for prophylaxis of viral hepatitis A or viral hepatitis B, respectively. Active immunization against hepatitis B is still in an experimental stage.
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The specificity of bovine spleen cathepsin B2 has been investigated by means of some natural oligo- and polypeptides, i.e. glucagon, melittin, insulin A and B chain, bradykinin, angiotensin I and II, oxytocin ACTH, clupein and salmin. The enzyme is primarily a carboxypeptidase which hydrolyzes peptide linkages of most amino acids common to proteins. In addition, cathepsin B2 displays amidase and esterase activity without requiring a free carboxyl group. The main pH optimum is between 4 and 5, in some cases higher.
pO2-measurements were performed by micro-Pt-electrodes a) in the gastrocnemius muscles of physically trained and untrained non-anesthetized guinea pigs, and b) in the tibialis anterior muscles of physically trained and untrained men, and of patients after a 2-3 weeks bedrest. Physical training raises the mean pO2-values in the resulting muscles of guinea pigs and men from 30-40 Torr to 50-55 Torr whereas physical inactivity (2-3 weeks bedrest) reduces the values to 17-18 Torr.
The question whether a hepatitis B virus infection can become chronic as a result of prophylactic or therapeutic measures is investigated. Experience with standard or hepatitis B gamma-globulin has shown no negative influence on the development of chronic hepatitis B virus infections. On the other hand it cannot be excluded that a hepatitis B virus infection may be so modified by steroid therapy, by immunosuppressive or cytostatic treatment that the disease runs a milder course and then tends to chronicity with persistence of HBs antigen.
In a randomly selected group of asymptomatic neonatal and postneonatal infants, acid-base parameters and oxygen tension measurements in arterial blood (radial artery) were carried out during air and oxygen breathing. Acid-base results showed a mild, partially compensated metabolic acidosis, indicating adequate pulmonary function. Arterial oxygen tension was in the normal range for this age group. Calculated alveolar oxygen tension levels demonstrated alveolar-arterial gradients of about 30 mm Hg during air breathing and 320 mm Hg during O2 breathing. Volumes of R-L shunts calculated from these gradients, were in the order of magnitude commonly found at this age, i.e., about 20% of right cardiac output. No differences were discernible between infants of appropriate weight for gestational age and small-for-date infants.