Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R M Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to R M Taylor.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Factors affecting the outcome of cadaver renal transplantation in Newcastle upon Tyne.

In an analysis of a series of 186 consecutive first cadaver renal transplants in Newcastle upon Tyne, the most significant finding was the improved graft survival in patients who received pre-transplant blood-transfusion. This apparent benefit was not dependent on the number of units of blood received nor on the interval between transfusion and transplantation. A significant advantage was also shown when there was identity between donor and recipient at the HLA-B locus. This advantage outweighs any disadvantage resulting from the extra time required to transfer kidneys from one centre to another and indeed cold-ischaemia times up to 18 hours did not adversely affect graft survival. It is suggested that the present national distribution of cadaver kidneys in the U.K. is fully justified, but preference should be given to B-locus identity in determining selection.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1977

Carbohydrate tolerance with portal and systemic venous drainage of the pancreas.

Carbohydrate tolerance was studied in 8 dogs with pancreatic venous drainage to the hepatic portal vein and 6 dogs with pancreatic venous drainage to the systemic veins. While systemic venous drainage of the pancreas was associated with higher fasting plasma insulin and lower fasting plasma glucose levels, no significant differences in either glucose clearance or insulin response to glucose were detectable. Therefore, in the maintenance of plasma glucose homeostatis, administration of insulin into the portal vein offers no significant advantages over the easier systemic route.

Amylases↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of viable human pancreatic islets.

This article reports a method for the isolation of viable pancreatic islets from the human pancreas. Isolated islets were obtained from human pancreata of cadavers, patients undergoing surgical operations, and fetuses, using a freehand microdissection procedure. Viability was assessed by light microscopy of sections stained with aldehyde fuchsin and by measuring the insulin output of islets in response to a glucose stimulus in vitro using a perifusion system. Ten pieces of cadaver pancreas were studied. Islets were isolated from 6 specimens and in 5 of these were shown to respond to a glucose stimulus in vitro. Histologically the islets showed minimal damage with slight degranulation of the beta cells. Five pieces of pancreas removed at operation were studied as well. Islets were isolated in all cases, but only 2 showed a response to a glucose stimulus. Pancreata from a 26-week and 34-week human fetus were also studied. It was not possible to microdissect islets from either case, but small pieces of pancreas from the 26-week fetus were shown to respond to a glucose stimulus by producing a significant increase in insulin output.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1977

Relation of immediate post-transplant renal function to long-term function in cadaver kidney recipients.

Renal function studies 12 to 41 months after transplantation have been performed on seven cadaver renal allograft recipients who demonstrated immediate primary function after transplant (group A) and seven similar recipients who had delayed primary function (group B). The groups were matched as closely as possible for major physical characteristics and their postoperative management; in particular, only one patient had a post-transplant renal biopsy. Glomerular filtration rate was determined by 24-hr creatinine clearance, endogenous creatinine clearance, and inulin clearance was usually lower in those patients having delayed primary function and they excreted more glucose per 24 hr and reabsorbed a smaller proportion of the filtered glucose load under infusion conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the effect of immediate and delayed primary function on the long-term prognosis of such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Immunosuppression with polyunsaturated fatty acids in renal transplantation.

A double-blind controlled trial has been undertaken to assess the value of a preparation containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in human cadaveric renal transplantation. Eighty-nine patients were studied and followed for 6 months after transplantation. Forty-four took the PUFA preparation and 45 the placebo (oleic acid). Other immunosuppression was standardised. Functional graft survival was significantly better in the PUFA group than in those taking the placebo during the first 3 to 4 months post-transplant. At 6 months, however, although the difference between the groups persisted, it was no longer statistically significant. Complications were equally distributed between the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cervical pharyngostomy.

The technique of cervical pharyngostomy is presented as a safe alternative procedure to the nasogastric tube for patients requiring prolonged periods of gastrointestinal decompression or tube feeding. The results in 21 cases are described. The complication rate is low and the use of cervical pharyngostomy is therefore justified in that it reduces patient discomfort and makes treatment more efficient.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and preservation of islets from the mouse, rat, guinea-pig and human pancreas.

Viable islets of Langerhans have been isolated from the mouse, rat, guinea-pig and human pancreas using a free hand microdissection procedure. Viablity has been assessed by light microscopy of sections stained with Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin and by measuring the insulin release from islets in vitro in response to a glucose stimulus. Ten pieces of human cadaver pancreas have been studied. Islets were isolated from 6 and in 5 cases were shown to respond to a glucose stimulus in vitro. Five pieces of human pancreas removed at operation have been studied. Islets were isolated in all cases but only 2 showed a response to a glucose stimulus. Isolated animal islets have been subjected to three preservation systems and their viability following storage noted. 1. Simple cold storage in Hank's balanced salt solution at 4 degrees C. At 15 hours 100% survival was noted. This dropped to 10% at 48 hours. There were no survivors at 72 hours. 2. Subzero storage. In group I (freezing rate 1 degree C/min) histological survival was 35% and functional survival 20%. In group II (freezing rate 5 degrees C/min with a 24-hour culture period after rewarming) histological survival was approximately 87% and functional survival 75%. 3. Organ culture. Islets from the guinea-pig, rat and mouse showed minimal morphological damage when cultured for 21 days in a simple organ culture system. At 28 days histological survival was approximately 30%. We were unable to correlate histological and functional survival in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and long term preservation of pancreatic islets from mouse, rat and guinea pig.

This paper reports techniques for the isolation and long term preservation of pancreatic islets from the mouse, rat and guinea pig. Islets have been isolated using a modification of a free hand microdisection procedure described by Hellerström in 1964 [1]. Isolated islets have been subjected to three preservation systems and their viability following storage assessed by light microscopy of sections stained with Gomor's aldehyde fuchsin [2] and by measuring the insulin release from islets in vitro in response to a glucose stimulus. The systems were: a) Simple cold storage in Hank's balanced salt solution at 4 degrees C. Following 15 h cold storage, histological and functional survival was 100%. This dropped to 10% at 48 h. There were no survivors following 72 h storage. b) Sub zero cell storage. In Group I (freezing rate 1 degrees C/min) histological survival was 35% and functional survival 20%. In Group II (freezing rate 5 degreees C/min with 24 h culture period after rewarming) histological survival was approximately 87% and functional survival 75%. c) Organ Culture. Islets from the guinea pig, rat and mouse showed minimal morphologic damage when cultured for 21 days in a simple organ culture system. At 28 days, histological survial was approximately 30%. Following organ culture we were unable to correlate histological and functional survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of recurrent early homograft rejection on subsequent patient and renal graft survival.

The effect of recurrent early homograft rejection on subsequent patient and renal graft survival. Two hundred renal transplants performed in Newcastle between 1968 and 1974 and followed up for at least 6 months are reviewed. There was a significant fall ingraft survival at 1 year in those patients who suffered a rejection episode during the first two months post-transplant and this fall became greater with each successive rejection episode. The rise in patient mortality with increasing numbers of rejections showed a similar trend but was less (40-50% at 1 year in those suffering 3 or 4 rejection episodes) and did not reach statistical significance beyond the first episode. We, therefore, conclude that in patients not suitable for home dialysis and in whom, because of uncommon tissue type, a second transplant is not likely to be offered under prevailing conditions of kidney donor shortage, it is justifiable to treat third and fourth rejections occurring during the first two months.

Acute Disease↗