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Biomedical subjects

R King

Publications and source records attributed to R King.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pressure sore management: efficacy of a moisture reactive occlusive dressing.

Twenty-five pressure sores occurring in a total of 21 patients were evaluated for their response to an adhesive hydrocolloid occlusive dressing (HCD). All ulcers had been treated previously. Response to the occlusive dressing was compared with previous clinical response. Due to the discharge or transfer of patients, evaluation of HCD therapy was usually made after a relatively short period of treatment, average treatment length being 27 +/- 3 days. Fourteen of the 25 decubitus ulcers (56%) demonstrated marked improvement or complete healing with HCD therapy. In contrast, only two of the 25 ulcers (8%) had demonstrated marked improvement under previous treatment. Of 16 ulcers which had failed to improve previously, seven (44%) had either healed or showed marked improvement with the use of the occlusive dressing. For ulcers which had healed, average healing time with HCD was 37 +/- 7 days.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Dopaminergic supersensitivity at distant sites following induced epileptic foci.

Injection of ferric chloride (FeCl3) into the left amygdaloid nucleus of the rat produced partial complex seizures. Subsequent repeated apomorphine challenges revealed steady development of behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity, above that observed in saline-injected controls. The behavioral supersensitivity observed in FeCl3-injected animals was accompanied by increases in 3H-spiroperidol binding in contralateral amygdala, striatum and ipsilateral nucleus accumbens. In contrast, saline-injected controls demonstrated bilateral decreases in 3H-spiroperidol binding in amygdala and striatum. The effects of FeCl3 injection on the behavioral dopaminergic supersensitivity and 3H-spiroperidol binding were eliminated when the anterior commissure was severed.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Ventricular enlargement in child psychiatric patients: a controlled study with planimetric measurements.

Data from adult schizophrenic patients suggest that patients with enlarged ventricles have a poorer premorbid history and may have an earlier onset of their illness than patients with ventricles of normal size. The authors examined a group of child psychiatric patients to discover whether these children at risk for major psychopathology had enlarged ventricles. Twenty psychiatric patients showed significantly enlarged ventricles compared with 19 control patients. There were no clear relationships between the children's psychiatric diagnosis and ventricular size.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hepatitis among hospital employees.

The risk of acquiring hepatitis associated with work in a moderate-sized acute-care teaching hospital was determined by a seroepidemiologic survey of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody. A blood specimen and a completed questionnaire were obtained from 76 percent of the staff members involved in patient care activities and all preemployment applicants (a total of 767 persons). One employee was found to have transiently positive tests for hepatitis B surface antigen, whereas 94 (12.2 percent) were found to have hepatitis B surface antibodies. Using the national incidence rate for volunteer blood donors of 4.4 percent as a norm, significantly higher antibody incidence was seen in nursing personnel (16.9 percent), laboratory workers (14.0 percent), surgeons (37.5 percent) and dental workers (40.0 percent). Rates were not significantly raised among house officers, internists, respiratory therapists or housekeeping employees. Increased incidence was statistically related to age and known history of hepatitis, but not to sex, known needle-stick exposure, contact with patients having hepatitis, prior blood transfusion, blood handling or nonhospital exposure to hepatitis. In persons whose tests were positive for antibodies there was a 4 percent increment per decade of age among long-term employees; duration of employment approached significance as a risk factor. Of those with hepatitis B antibody, only 16 percent were aware of a prior bout of hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Estrogen and progesterone receptors: correlation of response rates, site and timing of receptor analysis.

156 patients with advanced breast cancer of known estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status treated by endocrine therapy were studied. Regarding values for ER and PgR greater than or equal to 5 fmole/mg cytosol protein as positive, patients were divided into 4 phenotypic subgroups: ER+PgR+ (43%), ER+PgR- (26%), ER-PgR+ (8%), and ER-PgR- (23%). In patients with tumor phenotype ER+PgR+, responses were seen in 20/30 (67%) assessable initial treatments when receptor assays were performed on tumor recurrence or on primary tumor immediately before endocrine therapy, and in only 11/32 (34%) assessable initial treatments when receptor analysis was performed on primary tumor and there was intervening local therapy before endocrine therapy was started for tumor recurrence (P less than 0.05). Responses to first endocrine therapy for each tumor phenotype were ER+PgR+ 50%, ER+PgR- 27%, ER-PgR+ 27%, and ER-PgR- 6%. Four of 16 (25%) patients with ER+PgR+ tumors responded to subsequent secondary endocrine therapy, but such responses were not observed in 20 patients with other tumor phenotypes. Duration of response was similar for each phenotype, but patients with ER-PgR- tumors had a significantly shorter survival from time of initial endocrine treatment than patients of any other phenotype. These results suggest that repeat steroid receptor assays on accessible tumor immediately before endocrine therapy may result in improved predictability.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Bile acid and lysolecithin concentrations in the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer before operation and after treatment by highly selective vagotomy, partial gastrectomy, or truncal vagotomy and drainage.

Duodenogastric reflux of bile acids and lysolecithin in the course of a standard test meal was measured in normal people and in patients with duodenal ulcer before operation and more than one year after highly selective vagotomy, Polya partial gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. Before operation, duodenal ulcer patients had significantly higher fasting, post-prandial, and peak bile acid concentrations in the stomach than had normal subjects. After Polya partial gastrectomy, fasting, post-prandial, and peak concentrations of bile acids and lysolecithin were significantly higher than in preoperative duodenal ulcer patients. After highly selective vagotomy, in contrast, bile acid concentrations in the stomach were significantly lower than in preoperative duodenal ulcer patients and post-prandial and peak lysolecithin concentrations were less than half (NS) those recorded in preoperative duodenal ulcer patients. After highly selective vagotomy, bile acid concentrations were also significantly lower than bile acid concentrations after Polya partial gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy; and post-prandial and peak lysolecithin concentrations were significantly lower than after Polya partial gastrectomy and truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. Thus, when used in the treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer, highly selective vagotomy keeps ;bile' out of the stomach, probably through its effect on gastric smooth muscle, combined with the preservation of an intact antropyloroduodenal segment. In contrast, Polya partial gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, and truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty all lead to a significant increase in reflux of bile acids and lysolecithin into the stomach. The clinical importance of these findings is that both gastritis and, in the long term, gastric carcinoma may prove to be less common after highly selective vagotomy than after partial gastrectomy or vagotomy with a drainage procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The changing distribution of Cypriots in London.

"This paper analyses the residential behaviour of Cypriots in Greater London over the last 30 years. First, patterns of settlement and movement at a borough level are described and some explanations offered for the changes observed. Second, the authors look in more detail at the actual process of residential relocation with the aid of the results of a questionnaire survey [of] Greek Cypriots in the borough of Haringey." (summary in FRE)

Asia↗
PubMed1981

Fatal myocardial disease associated with industrial exposure to cobalt.

A man of 48 went into cardiac shock under anaesthesia during an operation for a duodenal ulcer. At necropsy he was found to have changes resembling those seen in cobalt cardiomyopathy and his myocardial cobalt level was grossly abnormal. Subsequent investigations established that he had been exposed to cobalt in his work which involved handling the powdered metal. The dangers of cobalt as an industrial hazard are pointed out and it is suggested that cobalt cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiac disease in those employed in the hard metal industry.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1980

Prospective study of immune response to hydralazine and development of antideoxyribonucleoprotein in patients receiving hydralazine.

To examine the relationship between the immune responses to hydralazine, a drug known to induce systemic lupus erythematosus, and to deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) we followed prospectively 21 hypertensive patients treated with hydralazine for the first time. Within one year, antibodies to hydralazine developed in 16 of these patients and anti-DNP in seven of these. In one patient whose serum had a positive antinuclear antibody test prior to treatment, a mild hydralazine systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome developed preceded by rises in the levels of both anti-hydralazine and anti-DNP. Studies by radioimmunoassay on serums of three additional patients, not followed in this study but known to have hydralazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, revealed no evidence for either (1) cross-reactivity between anti-DNP and anti-hydralazine or (2) antibodies specific for a hydralazine-DNP complex. In some way, perhaps related to the mechanism by which carrier molecules enhance the immunogenuity of haptens, hydralazine increases the antigenicity of DNP. This effect depends on the development of immunity to hydralazine as well.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

Histocompatibility antigen frequencies in diabetic retinopathy.

We studied the histocompatibility antigens A and B in 300 insulin-dependent diabetics: 200 had proliferative retinopathy and 100 did not. The two groups were matched for known duration of diabetes and other clinical features. In both groups the frequencies of HLA-B8, HLA-B18, and HLA-B8/HLA-B15 were significantly higher, and those of HLA-B7 and HLA-B12 were significantly lower than in healthy controls. The patients with proliferative retinopathy were significantly less often positive for HLA-B7 (X2 = 10.0; Pc < .03) than patients with nonproliferative retinopathy. When both groups were stratified for age at diagnosis, there were additional differences. HLA-B15 was significantly more frequent in the proliferative retinopathy group with age at diagnosis between 15 and 40 years (nonproliferative retinopathy = 16.4%; proliferative retinopathy = 39.4%; X2 = 7.89, Pc < .03; relative risk = 3.32) and HLA-B7 significantly less frequent (nonproliferative retinopathy = 23.6%; proliferative retinopathy = 5.6%; X2 = 8.0, Pc < .03; relative risk = 0.19). These differences in histocompatibility frequencies between patients with and without proliferative retinopathy indicate a genetic contribution to diabetic retinopathy.

Adolescent↗