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Biomedical subjects

R Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R Gupta.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical utility of ketoconazole in cases of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative is known to decrease adrenal steroid biosynthesis by inhibiting cytochrome P450 dependent adrenal enzymes. Three patients of adrenal carcinoma treated with ketoconazole, 600-1200 mg daily showed significant fall in plasma and urinary cortisol levels, but no reduction in tumor size, one patient developed liver dysfunction which reverted back to normal on discontinuing the drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Spectrum of psychiatric symptomatology in children in high and low socio-economic groups in Ludhiana.

A door to door survey was conducted to study the spectrum of psychiatric symptomatology in children aged 1-12 years belonging to high and low socio-economic groups. One hundred families in each group were studied. Symptom prevalence rate was comparable in the two groups, i.e., 479/1000 in the high socio-economic (HSE) group and 487/1000 in the low socio-economic (LSE) group. However, there were significant differences in the spectrum of symptomatology. Symptoms like quarrelsomeness, disobedience, abusive language, stealing, truancy, pica, school refusal, enuresis, mental subnormality and poor scholastic performance were significantly more in the LSE group. In the HSE group, symptoms like nail biting, food refusal, food fads and temper tantrums were significantly more.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Secretin provocation ultrasonography in the diagnosis of papillary obstruction in pancreas divisum.

The diagnostic value of secretin provoked abdominal ultrasound was studied on 34 patients with pancreas divisum and on 20 control subjects. The patients received a 1.0 unit/kg body weight dose of secretin. The degree of ductal expansion and the time required to return to the initial state were registered and these values were compared to the clinical diagnosis. The control subject's ductal diameters prior to secretin administration were 1 mm in all cases (maximum expansion 2 mm, return to the initial value within 10 minutes). The pancreas divisum patients could be placed in two groups based on their initial ductal diameter. Fourteen patients had initial ductal diameters of 2 mm or greater (A group mean +/- SD: 2.4 +/- 0.3) while 21 patients had an initial value of less than 2 mm (B group; 1.7 +/- 0.3). Following secretin administration the ductal diameter of the A group's patients increased on average +/- SD to 1.3 +/- 0.5 times the initial value and in the B group 3.2 +/- 1.1 times the initial value (p less than 0.01). In the A group the ductal diameter returned to it's initial value within 10 minutes while it took 35 minutes for the same to occur in the B group. A relationship can be observed between the clinical diagnosis, the initial ductal diameter, the degree of expansion following secretin administration and the time required to return to the initial state.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1991

Fanconi's anemia.

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Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Formation and persistence of novel benzo(a)pyrene adducts in rat lung, liver, and peripheral blood lymphocyte DNA.

Male CD rats were injected with single i.p. doses of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), livers, and lungs were removed at various times after administration. DNA adducts were analyzed in each tissue by 32P postlabeling with nuclease P1 enhancement. Sister chromatid exchange frequencies were concomitantly measured in cultured whole blood. B(a)P-DNA adducts were observed in all three tissues from animals sacrificed between 1 and 56 days after injection. Maximal adduction levels occurred at about 4 days after administration, followed by a gradual loss of adducts over the period examined. The apparent half-lives of total DNA adducts were 15 days in liver, 17 days in PBLs, and 22 days in lung. Induced sister chromatid exchanges were linearly related to the amount of DNA adducts remaining in the PBLs at the time of harvest up to 56 days and were significantly elevated above concurrent controls up to 14 days. One of the major adducts found in each tissue was N2-(10 beta-[7 beta,8 alpha,9 alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a) pyrene]yl)deoxyguanosine. An additional novel major adduct was found in the liver DNA and is derived from the further metabolism of B(a)P-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol. A second major novel B(a)P adduct was found in the DNA of lung tissues and accounts for about 40% of the total adducts present. Experimental evidence suggests that this adduct is derived from a metabolic pathway that includes the formation of 9-hydroxy-B(a)P.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Testicular dysfunction after cyclophosphamide-vincristine-procarbazine-prednisolone chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. A long-term follow-up study.

Gonadal functions were evaluated in 92 male patients after treatment for advanced Hodgkin's disease. The patients received six to ten cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisolone (COPP) chemotherapy. All patients were in remission and were followed for 1 to 17 years (median, 6). Testicular atrophy was noticed in 89 (96.7%) patients. All patients remained azoospermic during the period of follow-up. The testosterone levels did not differ before and after treatment. The follicle stimulating hormone levels rose from pretreatment values (mean +/- standard deviation) of 179.27 +/- 21.99 ng/ml to 578.79 +/- 102.36 ng/ml after the treatment; the rise was significant (P less than 0.001). The luteinizing hormone levels rose from pretreatment values of 106.96 +/- 20.37 ng/ml to 127.37 +/- 32.19 ng/ml after treatment; the rise was significant (P less than 0.05). Testicular biopsy specimens in 19 patients showed germinal aplasia in all cases. It is concluded that six or more cycles of COPP chemotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease in men leads to permanent sterility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Structural analysis of purified human tracheobronchial mucins.

Light scattering has been used to investigate the structure of human tracheobronchial mucin glycoproteins (HTBM) from the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. The specimen was extracted using 6M guanidinium hydrochloride solution and fractionated by gel exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-1000. The fractionated HTBM was purified by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Purity of the resulting material was confirmed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and uv spectroscopy. Light scattering measurements on the fractionated mucins yield weight-average molecular weights Mw, and z-average radii of gyration Rg,z. The native cystic fibrosis HTBM consisted of a high molecular weight fraction with Mw = 9.3 X 10(6) daltons and a lower molecular weight fraction containing partly degraded mucins. After reduction and carboxymethylation of the high molecular weight native fraction, the resulting material was separated into three pools with Mw values of 5.1 X 10(6), 1.6 X 10(6), and 400,000. The derived molecular weights for the protein cores Mp,w, and the experimental radii of gyration are found to be consistent with the Mp,w -Rg relation established previously for submaxillary, cervical, and gastric mucins. These results imply that HTBM has the same extended-coil conformation reported for other mucins and has a molecular structure consisting of subunits, linked into linear chains via covalent (disulfide) bonds.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1990

Tests for the genotoxicity of m-AMSA, etoposide, teniposide and ellipticine in Neurospora crassa.

The antitumor agents m-AMSA, etoposide, teniposide and ellipticine have been reported to be potent clastogens in mammalian cells but non- or weakly mutagenic in bacteria; these observations have been correlated to the interference of these chemicals with DNA topoisomerase II activity in the former, but not in the latter, organisms. The genotoxicity of these 4 agents was evaluated using ad-3 reverse- and forward-mutation tests in Neurospora crassa. These agents (up to 0.8 mumole/plate) did not cause reversion in conidia of the ad-3A frameshift strains N24 and 12-9-26 using the overlay plate test, as contrasted to the positive control frameshift mutagen ICR-170. Heterokaryon 12 (H-12) of N. crassa permits the recovery of all classes of forward mutation at the ad-3+ region, including multilocus deletions. Using resting conidia of H-12 in a suspension assay, ellipticine was moderately mutagenic but no increase in ad-3 mutants was noted with the other 3 agents at a dose of 100 micrograms/ml. In vegetative cultures of H-12 grown in the presence of these agents, all 4 agents were nonmutagenic at a dose of 100 micrograms/ml. The positive control mutagen ICR-170 was mutagenic in both resting conidia and growing cultures of H-12. A similarity between the topoisomerase II of N. crassa and DNA gyrase of bacteria is suggested.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1990

Primary pulmonary murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte specificity in respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia.

Effector cells capable of lysing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected cells were isolated from the lungs of intranasally infected mice. An examination of their specificity showed that cytolysis was major histocompatibility complex restricted. Using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing cloned RSV genes to infect target cells, BALB/c (H-2d) pulmonary effector cells were shown to recognize the fusion protein (F) and to a lesser extent the nucleoprotein (N). Cells specific for the major glycoprotein (G) or the small hydrophobic protein (1A) were not observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Minicore needle biopsy of kidney transplants: a safer sampling method.

We evaluated a fine No. 18 biopsy needle and spring loaded biopsy gun for percutaneous sampling of kidney transplants. The minicore sample produced is less than 0.5 mm. in diameter and up to 17 mm. long. The minicores are readily processed for histological study and sample size is adequate for multiple sectioning. We performed 50 separate minicore biopsy procedures in 37 patients with a single complication, a transient clot obstruction of the ureter. Of the biopsies 46 (92%) were adequate for diagnosis; 43 (86%) had more than 4 glomeruli per minicore. All renal structures were clearly defined and representative. A spectrum of pathological conditions affecting transplanted kidneys was identified in the different minicores. The minicore biopsy provided a safe, reliable method for diagnosis and monitoring of post-transplant intrarenal events.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1990

Induction of MHC class II expression in recipient tissues caused by allograft rejection.

MHC class II antigens (DR) are not commonly expressed on parenchymal cells of kidney and liver except when they are allografts undergoing rejection. The objective of this study was to determine whether allograft rejection can also induce DR upregulation in parenchymal cells of autologous recipient organs. Dogs had unilateral renal autografts to facilitate kidney sampling. All kidneys were tubular cell DR-negative. After 8-14 days each dog received a tubular cell DR-negative allograft. Tubular cell DR became positive in both allograft and autograft simultaneously, its onset and intensity correlating with blast cell infiltration and rejection in the allograft. Blast cells were first detected in the autograft after allograft nephrectomy, and then disappeared as autograft tubular cell DR diminished over the next 6-8 days. This was reproduced on repeat allografting. In 2 untreated dogs hepatocytes became positive on day 4, with no hepatic blast infiltrate. Four other dogs received cyclosporine immunosuppression. Allograft and autograft tubular cell DR, and hepatocyte DR, increased in all dogs, but were delayed while on CsA until onset of rejection despite transient earlier allograft blast infiltration. Downregulation in autograft and liver occurred together after allograft nephrectomy. An interferon-like substance appeared in plasma after allografting in association with the DR changes in native kidney and liver. Renal allorejection therefore induces upregulation of parenchymal DR expression in autologous liver and kidney of the recipient. It is probably mediated by an interferon-like substance derived from cells infiltrating the allograft. The effect is modified by CsA.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hydrometrocolpos: diagnosis and follow-up by ultrasound--a case report.

Hydrometrocolpos is accumulation of secretions in the vagina and uterus, caused by excessive intrauterine stimulation of the infant's cervical mucous glands by maternal oestrogen in the presence of an intact hymen (Wilson et al 1978). Hydrocolpos is dilatation of the vagina proximal to a congenital obstruction. If the uterus is also dilated, the condition is called hydrometrocolpos. Most cases of hydrocolpos are associated with an imperforate hymen that forms a thin bulging membrane between the labia. Though many cases of hydrometrocolpos have been reported in literature, there is no case report which shows classical ultrasound findings and follow up ultrasound scans to show the involuted uterus. We are presenting a case report whose diagnosis was established on ultrasound. This case highlights the value of ultrasound in diagnosing this condition and excluding other associated renal anomalies.

Body Water↗