Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R Gupta.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

A 15-item checklist for screening mentally retarded males for the fragile X syndrome.

A 15-item checklist, including physical and behavioral features frequently observed in fragile X syndrome, was used in a prospective study of 188 mentally retarded males in order to identify males at risk for this syndrome. Of the 188 males, 19 were found to have the fragile X syndrome, while the remaining 169 males had no recognizable cause of their mental retardation, including normal chromosomes. Significant differences (p less than 0.01) were found between mentally retarded males with and without the fragile X syndrome with increased hyperactivity; shorter attention span; more tactile defensiveness, hand-flapping, perseverative speech, and hyperextensibility; large ears and testes; higher frequency of simian creases or Sydney lines and plantar creases; and more positive family histories of mental retardation in the fragile X syndrome males. Multiple regression and discriminant analyses of the 188 males indicated several physical features were useful predictors for inclusion in the fragile X syndrome group. An overall correct classification rate of 93% was achieved based on 6 variables (plantar crease, simian crease, hyperflexibility, large testes, large ears, and a positive family history of mental retardation) that were entered into the discriminant equation. Therefore, our experience with a 15-item checklist suggests the potential of screening for the fragile X syndrome in mentally retarded males and that 6 of the 15 variables were particularly good predictors of this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders: a replicated study from northern India.

A total of 91 subjects with depressive disorder have been studied using the WHO-standardized Standardized Assessment of Depressive Disorders (SADD). The 10 most frequently reported symptoms were sadness, anxiety, joylessness, lack of energy, hopelessness, loss of interest, disruption of social functioning, irritability, loss of ability to concentrate and lack of appetite. The results of this study are compared with other available work on SADD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Posttranscriptional modification of tRNA in thermophilic archaea (Archaebacteria).

Nucleoside modification has been studied in unfractionated tRNA from 11 thermophilic archaea (archaebacteria), including phylogenetically diverse representatives of thermophilic methanogens and sulfur-metabolizing hyperthermophiles which grow optimally in the temperature range of 56 (Thermoplasma acidophilum) to 105 degrees C (Pyrodictium occultum), and for comparison from the most thermophilic bacterium (eubacterium) known, Thermotoga maritima (80 degrees C). Nine nucleosides are found to be unique to the archaea, six of which are structurally novel in being modified both in the base and by methylation in ribose and occur primarily in tRNA from the extreme thermophiles in the Crenarchaeota of the archaeal phylogenetic tree. 2-Thiothymine occurs in tRNA from Thermococcus sp., and constitutes the only known occurrence of the thymine moiety in archaeal RNA, in contrast to its near-ubiquitous presence in tRNA from bacteria and eukarya. A total of 33 modified nucleosides are rigorously characterized in archaeal tRNA in the present study, demonstrating that the structural range of posttranscriptional modifications in archaeal tRNA is more extensive than previously known. From a phylogenetic standpoint, certain tRNA modifications occur in the archaea which are otherwise unique to either the bacterial or eukaryal domain, although the overall patterns of modification are more typical of eukaryotes than bacteria.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1991

Correlation of HPV antigen and type of genital warts with atypia.

Five clinical types of genital warts were identified, studied histopathologically and stained for human papilloma virus (HPV) antigen. HPV antigen was found in all degrees of koilocytosis and it was present more often in the hyperplastic warts than in other types of genital warts. However, as reported earlier, the presence of HPV antigen did not decrease proportionately as the degree of atypia increased.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Autoinoculation lupus vulgaris of the perineum.

The case of a young heterosexual male, with a 7 year history of an asymptomatic progressive plaque over the right side of the perineum is described, which 4 years later involved the left perineum and scrotal skin, indicating autoinoculation. The diagnosis of lupus vulgaris was made by strongly positive tuberculin test, histopathology, and a favourable response to a short course of intensive antitubercular therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of cryostat frozen section in the diagnosis of surgical biopsies.

Cryostat frozen section technique was used on 1300 surgical biopsies. On final paraffin sections diagnosis there were 270 benign neoplasms, 200 malignant neoplasms and 830 inflammatory and non-neoplastic lesions. The overall accuracy using frozen section was 98.48 per cent with one false positive result (0.07 per cent), 17 false negative results (1.3 per cent) and 2 deferred diagnosis (0.15 per cent).

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

Coagulase negative staphylococcal septicemia in newborns.

The case records of 2177 newborn infants admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from January, 1989, through July, 1990, with positive blood cultures for coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS) were evaluated. Seventy four (3.4%) neonates yielded C-NS in blood cultures during the study period. Of these, 58 (2.7%) infants had clinical and hematological features compatible with the diagnosis of septicemia. Remaining 16 babies with positive cultures had no evidence of sepsis, and were designated as "C-NS bacteremia". The age at which positive cultures were obtained differed between the bacteremic and septicemic groups. In bacteremic group, the onset occurred between one to four days of age. In contrast, in septicemic group the range was 6-20 days, with a mean of 10.22 (+/- 3.53) days. More than two third of total cases of C-NS sepsis were premature and low birth weight (LBW). Prominent clinical features included lethargy, poor feeding and fever. Besides this apneic spells were seen predominantly in babies weighing less than 1500 g. Further, before the diagnosis of C-NS sepsis, more than half of neonates had received prolonged intravenous fluid therapy, a quarter had undergone umbilical catheterization and a further quarter needed a ventilator support. Overall mortality in C-NS sepsis was 17.24%, distinctly higher in neonates with RDS and those requiring mechanical ventilation (p less than 0.05). Only 1.34% C-NS isolates were resistant to all routinely used antibiotics and sensitivity was maximum with newer cephalosporins, ciproflox and amikacin.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1991

Training of non-professional health workers in a simple technique of developmental screening of infants and young children.

Twenty Anganwadi Workers were trained for developmental screening of infants and young children (6 weeks to 2 yrs) and their results compared with that of a trained medical practitioner. The screening tool used was the Woodside System of screening. A reference test (Gesell's Developmental Schedules) was given to 56.5% of the sample. The tester/tester reliability worked out on 50% of the testers was comparable. The results of the tester/author reliability worked out on 150 children were statistically comparable. A high level of proficiency of the workers was retained throughout the study through constant supervision and cross check by the author. The successful training of insufficiently used paramedical manpower for decreasing cost of medical care and improving utilization of the health delivery system is highlighted.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Trial of a screening technique of the developmental assessment of infants and young children (6 weeks-2 years).

Six hundred and nineteen infants and young children from the slums of Jabalpur City were screened by twenty trained paramedical workers using the Woodside Screening Technique. A second screen was given by the author within three days of the first screen on 350 (56.5%) children. The tester/author agreement was 97%. The results of the Woodside Screening Technique were validated against the standard Gesell's Schedules. The specificity and sensitivity rates of 88 and 83%, respectively were better than the original Denver Developmental Screening Test (77% each). Over referral rates which vary between 10-28% were comparable to the original Denver Developmental Screening Test. The under referral rate was 24%. All children tested belonged to the deprived sections of society, having weights below 50th centile of Harvard Standards. Inspite of this 74% of children scored above and at par on the Gesell's Developmental Schedule, only 11% children showing any developmental abnormality. The need to eliminate the cultural bias from the test and draw a new threshold line to separate questionable cases from abnormal ones is highlighted. Recommendations and specific modifications of the Woodside Screening Technique are suggested.

Child Development↗