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Biomedical subjects

R Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R Gupta.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Influence of mild to moderate treated hypertension on 9-11 year mortality in patients with pre-existing coronary heart disease.

Hypertension is a known risk factor in the genesis of coronary artery disease. However, the effect of pre-existing hypertension on the long-term mortality in patients with established coronary heart disease is not clear. The present cohort study analysed the influence of baseline mild to moderate treated hypertension in cases of known coronary heart disease with cardiac mortality as end point. Data from a cohort of 511 patients including 266 normotensives and 245 controlled hypertensives was analysed over a follow-up period of 9 to 11 years. The baseline data were identical regarding other major risk factors like age, gender, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol levels and congestive heart failure on univariate analysis. There were more cases of myocardial infarction in the normotensive group. The number of patients receiving beta-blockers or aspirin were similar in both groups. However, more patients in the hypertensive group received nifedipine. Actuarial analysis of survival showed that mortality was the same in both groups with an overall cardiac mortality of 65 (26.5%) in the hypertensive group and 86 (32.3%) in the normotensive group (P greater than 0.1). The survival curves also showed no significant difference in mortality at any point in time (logrank test = 2.37, P greater than 0.1). Analysis of mortality after adjusting for myocardial infarction at first presentation also showed no significant difference. These data indicate that in patients with coronary heart disease the presence of mild to moderate hypertension does not add to the risk of cardiac mortality.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia among peripubertal girls with hyperandrogenism.

Fifteen girls with severe hyperandrogenism were investigated by us during the last 6 years. Thirteen of these were cases of untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 2 were cases of tumoral (one sertoli leydig cell tumor of the ovary and one adrenal adenoma) hyperandrogenism. Here we present the clinical profile and laboratory data of those with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. All the girls had masculinization of genitalia (clitoromegaly alone 5, clitoromegaly with varying degree of posterior labial fusion 8). Eleven cases had hirsutism and 9 had short stature. Two patients underwent unilateral adrenelectomy with diagnosis of adrenal adenoma. Hormonal profile confirmed the diagnosis of CAH with 21 hydroxylase deficiency (elevated 17 OHP levels with exaggerated 17 OHP response to ACTH) in 12 cases and 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase deficiency (elevated DHEAS and 17 pregnenelone levels and exaggerated DHEAS and 17 pregnenelone response to ACTH) in one case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Obstetric and infant feeding practices in Punjab: effect of educational intervention.

A survey of obstetric and infant feeding practices in 100 mothers showed that only 17% infants were exclusively breast fed. Antenatal advice regarding breast feeding was given to only 13%. Sixty eight per cent infants were put to breast 24 hours after delivery. Campaign against bottle feeding was then launched. Fifteen months later, a survey on another 100 mothers showed that 44% infants were exclusively breast-fed, antenatal advice was given to 11% mothers and 60% mothers got active postnatal advice regarding disadvantages of bottle feeds. Incidence of exclusive breast feeding was more in infants who were roomed-in with the mother early, started on breast feeding earlier and whose mothers received antenatal advice. It was concluded that even if the percentage of antenatal advice did not improve, active postnatal campaign directed towards dangers of bottle feeding could increase the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1992

Bladder rehabilitation in spinal cord injury patients.

The relative efficacy of intermittent catheterisation, self or assisted, over indwelling catheterisation was studied on 44 patients of different extent of spinal cord lesions. All the surviving cases (9) of incomplete cord lesion became catheter free irrespective of the method of catheterisation. In these patients urine was also found to be infection free by the 5th week of admission. Twenty-seven cases of complete cord lesion (out of a total of 35) became catheter free, of whom 18 patients were on intermittent catheterisation (out of a total of 20) and 9 patients were on indwelling catheter (out of a total of 15 cases). In the later group incidence of urine infection was higher. Other complications like urethral trauma were comparable between patients with indwelling catheter and patients with intermittent, self or assisted, catheterisation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isolation of the mutagenic and DNA adduct-inducing components from a commercial preparation of HC blue 1 using Salmonella (TA98) bioassay-directed HPLC fractionation.

In the present study we report the separation of the mutagenic impurities from the nitrophenylenediamine hair dye HC Blue 1. This was accomplished by bioassay-directed HPLC fractionation, using Salmonella strain TA98 and reverse phase HPLC analysis. The mutagenic fraction eluted between 80 and 90% methanol, whereas the HPLC fraction containing the parent compound HC Blue 1 eluted with 30% methanol and was non-mutagenic. 100% of the mutagenic activity applied to the column was recovered in fractions that did not possess the blue color of HC Blue 1. Also, HPLC-purified HC Blue 1 did not form DNA adducts (32P-postlabeling) in Salmonella strain TA98. On the other hand, commercial HC Blue 1 and the mutagenic fraction derived from commercial HC Blue 1 (HPLC-isolated) gave similar DNA-adduct profiles that consisted of 7 adducts. DNA adduction was examined concomitantly with mutagenicity and toxicity studies on the HC Blue 1 samples in TA98. The data indicated that, in Salmonella, both the mutagenicity and DNA adduction of commercial HC Blue 1 are due to impurities and not the parent compound.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1991

Role of bacteriological monitoring of the hospital environment and medical equipment in a neonatal intensive care unit.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of performing routine monthly bacteriological surveillance of the nursery environment, resuscitation equipment, baby placement sites, medications, formula feeds, cleansing solutions and miscellaneous medical items such as intravenous cannulae in relation to development of hospital-acquired bacteraemia in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) over a period of 19 months. The study is based on a retrospective review of records from the neonatal division and the microbiology laboratory. On discriminant analysis, only three NICU sites, namely baby placements, resuscitation equipment and various cleansing solutions were found to be significantly associated with hospital-acquired infections (HAI) (P less than 0.001). The probability that a batch of newly admitted babies would develop HAI if all three sites were colonized was 0.602. Similarly, the probability if none of these sites was colonized was 0.10. On multiple logistic regression analysis, however, the relative risk of infection was greatest if baby placement sites were colonized (Odds ratio = 7.48; P less than 0.01). In contrast, pathogens present in the inanimate NICU environment, e.g. floors, walls, sink-drains or furniture were not associated with HAI. Routine bacteriological surveillance of the inanimate nursery environment, is not therefore justified. However, our results suggest that routine bacteriological monitoring of medical equipment and cleansing solutions may have a role in the prevention of HAI.

Bacterial Infections↗