Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mediastinum presenting as a retrosternal mass.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to P Stark.
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Computed tomography (CT) correctly identified extraluminal extension in carcinoma of the rectum and distal sigmoid in 20 patients who were deemed clinically inoperable because of tumor fixation. All patients received preoperative radiation therapy and subsequent surgical resection of the tumor. The findings at surgery corroborated the presence and location of tumor extension deep to the wall of the colon. Based on this preliminary data, further investigation into the place of CT in treatment planning of colon carcinomas is indicated.
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Nine patients with an adenoid-cystic carcinoma of the trachea are describes. It is a rare tumour which grows relatively slowly; it has a tendency for early invasion of neighbouring tissues, but late distant metastases. A correct diagnosis can be made by the radiologist. The trachea should be visible on every film of the thorax and should be inspected. In particular, a diagnosis of therapy-resistant asthma should direct the attention of the radiologist to the trachea.
Three patients with yolk-sac tumours of the mediastinum have been described. This is a rare primary germ layer tumour of the thorax. Most commonly it is situated anteriorly in the mediastinum. Only rarely is it found in the posterior mediastinum. Only males are affected. In most patients the prognosis, despite intensive radiation and chemotherapy, is extremely poor.
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Round atelectasis is a relatively rare form of collapse, associated with pleural thickening, pleural effusions, or pleural plaques. The mass is always in a subpleural location and has a characteristic comet-tail-shaped structure. Recognition of this entity can avert more invasive procedures.
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Traumatic ruptures of the diaphragm are frequently missed, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Six patients with this entity are presented and the literature is reviewed. Several radiological findings which are easily overlooked, are described. The so-called pseudodiaphragm effect, due to herniated bowel or stomach and mimicking an elevated diaphragmatic leaflet, is emphasized.
Two patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis are presented. The radiographic characteristics of this disease are similar to the limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis. It shows a predilection for males in the fifth and sixth decade and can progress into a malignant lymphoma. The radiologic features, histologic characteristics, differential diagnosis and therapeutic approach are briefly discussed.
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Three patients with a plasma cell granuloma of the lung are described. The clinically benign course and non-specific radiological appearances are stressed. The pathological findings and treatment are discussed briefly. The observations are compared with similar ones in the literature.