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Biomedical subjects

P Meunier

Publications and source records attributed to P Meunier.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Rectoanal pressures and rectal sensitivity studies in chronic childhood constipation.

Rectoanal pressures and rectal sensitivity studies were performed in 32 control children and 144 chronically constipated children. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex threshold, the maximal anal resting closure pressure, and the conscious rectal sensitivity threshold were studied in these children. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex threshold was increased in 6.2% of the constipated patients. Anal hypertony (increased maximal anal resting pressure) was found in 46% of the constipated children. Decreased rectal sensitivity (increased conscious sensitivity threshold) was found in 68% of the constipated children. The three parameters were found to be normal in only 13% of the constipated subjects. Thus, it appears that children with chronic constipation who do not have Hirschsprung's disease do have abnormalities at manometry in most cases.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1978

Accuracy of the manometric diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.

In a 3-yr period, 229 examinations were carried out in infants and children. These were sub-divided into five groups according to age. There were 10 false positive and 8 false negative results, an overall not unreasonable record of 7.8% errors. However, in the neonatal group, there were as many as 26% errors and thus the test in this group was considered to be highly inaccurate. The older the infant or child, the less errors in diagnosis occurred. Possible reasons for errors are pointed out and comparisons are made with other series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Urethral pressure profile in children: a comparison between perfused catheters and micro-transducers, and a study of the usefulness of urethral pressure profile measurements in children.

Urethral pressure profiles were done on 46 children by the classical open-end perfused catheter and by a micro-transducer mounted on the tip of a catheter. A comparative study of the results obtained using the 2 methods demonstrates clearly the superiority of the micro-transducer over the perfused catheter. There are so many limitations of precison with the perfused catheter method that its usefulness for clinical studies seems questionable. With both methods the urethral pressure profile alone was not sufficient for distinguishing betweeen obstructed and non-obstructed bladder outlets.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Bladder neck urethral obstructions of neurogenic bladder in children (author's transl)].

The study of 62 bladder neck and urethral obstructions among 210 neurogenic bladder in children, allow to give an urologic definition, corroborated by urodynamic exploration.--28 boys show lesions of external sphincer as described in traumatic paraplegia in adult. The treatment in external sphincterotomy: by perineal approach (5 cases : 1 success--4 failures), or retropubic (3 cases : 2 successes--1 failure) and mainly endoscopic (12 successes over 21 primary resections, and 8 successes over 10 repeated interventions). The results are given according to the obstruction, the continence and urinary upper tract. Ureteroneocystostomy il allowed by obstruction release. The pathogeny of obstruction is discussed according to the paralysis of the sphincter, as well as the therapy with the comparison between sphincterotomy and self-catheterism.--34 girls present 3 kinds of obstruction;--bladder neck dysectasia (5 cases) with obvious radiologic findings: YV plasty was done with in 2 cases ureteroneocystostomy;--posterior downfall of the bladder where intermittent catheterization provides excellent results;--pure urethral obstruction is also observed, like in boy's external sphincter lesion. Various types of therapy are discussed, specialy TV plasty extented to the urethral meatus, but in girls the intermittent catheterization which respects continence and which can be associated to an ureteroneocystostomy or a pharmacologic therapy is at present the most appropriate method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Immobilisation hypercalcaemia (author's transl)].

Hypercalcaemia would seem to be rare during immobilisation, whilst osteoporosis and hypercalciuria are constant. In fact, it often goes unnoticed. The case presented here confirms its predominance in the adolescent male. The reason for immobilisation seems to be irrelevant. The clinical symptoms are very variable: polydipsia, nausea, headache, apathy, anorexia. Blood calcium levels are raised, up to 14 mg%. This hypercalcaemia is due to very marked bone loss in adolescents, secondary to hyper-resorption and a temporary stoppage in osseous formation. The differential diagnosis from primary hyperparathyroidism is sometimes difficult but is aided by laboratory and histological findings. The essential is to consider the possibility of immobilisation hypercalcaemia in the presence of any suggestive symptoms in an immobilised adolescent. Treatment includes a return to weight bearing, adequate water intake and the administration of phosphorus, calcitonin, furosemide, and corticosteroids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Cartilage of the head of the femoral in articular chondrocalcinosis (author's transl)].

A study of three femoral heads removed from patients suffering from articular chondrocalcinosis enabled the authors to identify the lesions of the cartilage in that disorder. They are mainly represented by crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. They appear within the cartilage which is macroscopically intact and histologically normal, but their location and the related tissue phenomena in their formation remain controversial and poorly understood. They accumulate in the various layers of the non-calcified cartilage within which they appear to hollow out genuine cavities by pushing back and then destroying the intercellular matrix and surrounding chondrocytes. In spite of their at times considerable size, the accumulations of crystals are not accompanied with fissures or erosion of cartilage tissue. This good histological tolerance appears to be explained by the distribution of calcification outside of the areas bearing pressure, which is in agreement with the often asymptomatic nature of chondrocalcinosis. These calcfications appear to be able to render cartilage fragile and to lead to pseudoarthrosic arthropathy when they are abundant and spread through the entire surface of a joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Control of the internal anal sphincter (manometric study with human subjects).

Manometric studies of the functions of the internal anal sphincter were performed in 73 children. Twenty-one out of these patients were normal subjects, the others had neurological lesions either central (sacral meningocele, dorsal cord transections) or peripheral (Hirschsprung's disease). It was found that the functions of the internal sphincter do not depend upon mechanical factors and are subject to nervous control. The pathways for control of the basal sphincteric tone are discussed. It is likely that this tone depends not only of the sympathetic pathways, but also of fibers of the sacral outflow. It is shown that the recto-anal inhibitory reflex is specific and independent of peristalsis. Arguments are given to prove that this reflex is an activity proper to the intra-mural plexus which is, however, subject to and regulated by the sacral cord.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Manometric and electromyographic assessment of urethral resistances in children.

In an attempt to define urethral resistances in children, 84 cystometries were performed, combined with an anal EMG in 54 cases. The urethral pressure profile was measured in each patient. The following parameters were studied: bladder tone, activity and contractility; micturition EMG; maximal urethral pressure; aspects of the urine stream; and residual urine. It was found that each parameter considered alone is insufficient for assessment of bladder outlet obstruction. Only the complete investigation proved to be highly reliable as a complement to radiological findings, and allowed a dynamic assessment of bladder and sphincter functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Renal osteodystrophy in childhood. Comparison of histological and radiological findings (author's transl)].

We have examined radiologically the bones of seven children attained by renal osteodystrophy. A final score was established by syndrom: hyperparathyroidy, osteomalacia. The results are been confronted to the histomorphometrics studies. Numerous historadiological discordances appears: false radiologic findings 2/7, quantitative discordance of the lesions. Several conventional roentgenologic signs must be revalued after the priliminary histologic findings: cortical index, bone texture: osteomalacia, osteoporosis.

Adolescent↗