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Biomedical subjects

P Gerber

Publications and source records attributed to P Gerber.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Semiautomatic insulin injection equipment (pens)].

To the best of our knowledge, a good glycaemic control must be advised to avoid or delay the degenerative complications of diabetes, bearing in mind an increased risk of hypoglycaemias. Among other techniques, a treatment consisting of multiple injections (basal-bolus concept) is one way to achieve a good control. Although this form of treatment is rather restrictive (frequent blood glucose determinations), the use of pens makes it more acceptable. A fully informed and cooperative patient is a prerequisite before considering this particular type of insulin therapy which, however, is usually not very helpful for older diabetics. It is a misconception to think that every patient receiving insulin should do so with a pen, just as it is incorrect to recommend multiple injections for all type I diabetics. Whether such a therapeutic strategy is indicated should be established for each patient individually. In addition, the fashion for pens should not distract us from all the other problems associated with inadequate diabetic control, such as foot care and systematic blood pressure measurements.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1990

Symptomatology of late-life minor depression among primary care patients.

Patients of four general internists and four family physicians were interviewed by two psychiatrists to identify those suffering from depressive disorders. Nineteen elderly (60 years of age and older) patients and 22 younger (between 18 and 59 years of age) patients met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for minor depressive disorder, and 73 elderly and 79 younger patients had no psychiatric disorder. In general, the elderly depressed medical outpatients and the younger depressed medical outpatients had similar symptomatology, as did the elderly and nonelderly medical outpatients without psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hydroxylapatite-coated total prosthesis of the hip].

Since 1987, 80 hydroxyapatite-coated (HA) cementless total hip prostheses have been implanted. Thirty patients were examined 21 months postoperatively and the results compared with data for uncoated prosthesis. Earlier mobilization and freedom from pain, together with evidence of bone ingrowth without connective tissue membrane formation, confirmed the benefits of HA-coated prostheses.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Biologic and antigenic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-related Herpesviruses of chimpanzees and baboons.

Leukocyte-transforming agents were isolated in baboon leukocytes inoculated with oral excretions from immunosuppressed chimpanzees. The transformed lymphoblasts had B cell surface markers and harbored herpes-type virus particles; 5-10% of the cells contained cytoplasmic antigens reactive with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-antibody-positive chimpanzee, human and baboon sera. These sera also neutralized the transforming activity of the chimpanzee virus. Long-term lymphoid cell lines were established from circulating lymphocytes of normal baboons: two from Papio cynocephalus and three from P. hamadryas. The cells had B cell surface markers, contained herpes-type virus particles and produced virus with leukocyte-transforming activity. No virus-associated nuclear antigen was detectable with reference baboon and chimpanzee sera; however, the cells reacted with selected human sera containing antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA). Absorption experiments confirmed the specificity of this reaction. Baboon lymphoblasts produced baboon virus-associated soluble complement-fixing (CF/S) antigen. Baboon sera had CF antibodies to viral (CF/V) antigen derived from EBV but failed to react with EBV-associated CF/S antigen. Chimpanzee and baboon herpesviruses had similar in vitro host cell ranges but were different from those of EBV. Inoculation of baboons, rhesus monkeys and cottontop marmosets failed to produce detectable illness or palpable tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Productive Epstein-Barr viral infection of the human lymphoblastoid cell line 6410 with release of early antigen inducing and transforming virus.

The human lymphoblastoid cell line 6410 was superinfected with P3HR-1 derived Epstein-Barr virus. Subsequent to the first cycle of infection, characterized by early (EA) and virus capsid (VCA) antigen synthesis, the culture, designated 6410-EBV, continued to synthesize VCA. Further immunofluorescence and electron microscopic examination over 18-24 months showed the 6410-EBV culture to be productively infected with EBV. Virus was recovered, in quantity, from the culture fluids and assayed for ability to induce EA synthesis in Raji cells and to transform human umbilical cord lymphocytes. The virus was found to possess both properties, in contrast to P3HR-1 virus which only induces EA. HLA and karyologic analyses of P3HR-1, 6410 and 6410-EBV cultures showed relatedness of 6410-EBV to 6410 cells and dissimilarity to P3HR-1. The biologic activity data coupled with the cytologic analyses confirm a productive infection of the target cells. The reason for differences in biologic activity between the infecting (P3HR-1) and progeny virus is unresolved. It may be speculated that the endogenous EBV genome of 6410 cells was activated and gave rise to a different strain of EBV or to a mixed progeny-parent population as a result of dual infection. Alternatively, the parent strain of virus may have been modfied as a result of interaction with the new host cell.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Epstein-Barr virus and human malignancy.

The association of the Epstein-Barr virus and two human malignancies, Burkitt's lumphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, is reviewed. Seroepidemiologic, virologic, and immunologic evidence is summarized, and several hypotheses regarding a possible etiologic role for the Epstein-Barr virus in these tumors are presented. With our current state of knowledge we cannot conclude that the Ipstein-Barr virus is oncogenic in man, nor can we yet ascertain the biological and clinical significance of its association with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Comparative studies of Epstein-Barr virus strains from Ghana and the United States.

A high incidence of oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been observed in African children with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) (48%) and matched controls (45%). This compares with an incidence of 77% in American patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 13% in age-matched controls. Cross-neutralization tests between EBV strains derived from BL and IM patients and their sera failed to detect differences in the major neutralizing antigenic components. Cord-blood lymphocytes transformed by American EBV expressed only early viral functions (EBV nuclear and soluble complement-fixing antigens) and produced no detectable transforming activity. By contrast, cord-blood lymphocytes transformed by African EBV strains contained 0.2-0.3% of cells with EBV capsid and early antigen and produced EBV with transforming activity. These cells contained twice as many copies of EBV homologous DNA as the cells transformed by American EBV strains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Leukocyte transforming agent (Epstein-Barr virus) in newborn infants and older individuals.

The lymphocyte transforming agent, associated with Epstein-Barr virus, was sought in the oropharynx and other clinical sites of 443 individuals in the following groups: premature and term neonates; infants with congenital malformations or with suspected TORCH syndrome; children with various illnesses; pregnant and postpartum women; healthy adults; and patients with infectious mononucleosis. Evidence of intrauterine infection was found in one newborn infant and LTA was demonstrated in a 16-day-old infant who developed transient hepatosplenomegaly. LTA was not detected in 96 other newborn infants and 57 infants with various anomalies or illnesses; nor was it found in the cervix of 125 pregnant or postpartum women. LTA was demonstrated in varying frequency in ill children, healthy adults, and those with infectious mononucleosis. It is suggested that the clinicoepidemiologic patterns of EBV infection in newborn infants and children will best be established by prospective studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Antigens and DNA of a chimpanzee agent related to Epstein-Barr virus.

Biological and biochemical studies of the herpesvirus of chimpanzees previously demonstrated to be antigenically related to human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) indicated that the agent is similar to EBV in that: (i) leukocyte culture of chimpanzees whose sera contained antibody against EBV capsid antigen could yield long-term lymphoblastoid cell lines (Ch-LCL) with B-cell characteristics; (ii) the DNA of Ch-LCL contained sequences homologous to approximately 35 to 45% of human EBV; (iii) Ch-LCL contained an intranuclear antigen, Ch-NA, that could be identified with some chimpanzee or orangutan serum in anticomplimentary immunofluorescence assays; and (iv) treatment of Ch-LCL with iododeoxyuridine resulted in expression of new antigenic activity that reacted with EA+ but not EA- human sera. Two lines of evidence indicate that the chimpanzee agent, although related to human EBV, is a distinct agent: (i) Ch-NA was antigenically distinct from EBV-rebv infection although it cross-reacts of a limited extent with a minor component of EBNA; and (ii) Ch-LCL are missing 55 to 65% of the DNA sequences of human EBV.

Animals↗