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Biomedical subjects

P Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to P Fischer.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The pulmonary alveolar capillary membrane during hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs.

Hemorrhagic hypotension is associated with increased lung water accumulation, secondary to loss of integrity of the alveolar capillary membrane. Whether this increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membrane occurs during hypotension or after resuscitation with intravenously administered fluids remains controversial. In an attempt to answer this question, we measured the movement of various molecular weight substances from pulmonary capillaries to the fluid filled alveolus using an in vivo saline solution filled dog lung model. During hemorrhage, T1/2--time to 50 per cent equilibration between blood and alveolar liquid--decreased for urea and dextrans of 3,000 and 10,400 molecular weight. There was no change compared with the base line figures for dextran 20,000 molecular weight and albumin, 69,000 molecular weight. In addition, during hemorrhage, lung liquid--but not blood--histamine levels increased significantly. We conclude that hemorrhagic hypotension leads to increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membrane to molecular weight substances less than 20,000 molecular weight. This increased permeability may be mediated by histamine.

Albumins↗
PubMed1978

[Hygienic requirements for the architectural-functional design of intensive care units (author's transl)].

Three standard variants of intensive care units are described. The hygienic-microbiological examinations of the patients' surrounding show in how fat architectural factors influence the propagation of germs responsible for nosocomial infections. The results are hygienic requirements concerning the architectural functional structure of intensive care units to facilitate the maintenance of anti- and asepsis for the nursing personal.

Facility Design and Construction↗
PubMed1978

[Criteria for the hygienic appraisal of intensive care units (author's transl)].

7 intensiv-care-units (I.U.C.) were compared by analysing the charts of 100 patients from each station. They showed remarkable differences concerning the diagnosis of admittance, age and other factors related to the risk of infection. Consequently, kind and number of intensive care related medical procedures, the use of antibiotics, the duration of the patients stay on the station and the death rate differed widely. Some criteria concerning the layout, personnel, organisation and therapy on I.C.U. are named, which are mainly related to the patients condition and to the thereby given risk of infection.

Burns↗
PubMed1978

[Microorganisms in the open air during the period of a winter-half-year (author's transl)].

During the winter-half-year 1976/77 the concentrations of airborne microorganisms in the open air were measured in Bonn and at a place in the Sauerland. Simultaneously the data of wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric rel. humidity, temperature, intensity of solar radiation were registered. It can be shown, that the denominated parameters are influencing the content of microorganisms of the air in different proportions.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1978

[Experiences with psycho-vegetative tests in the study difficulties of student teachers].

A total of 125 student teachers, who at the time when these investigations were conducted were unable to work or study, respectively, were subjected to the ENR test of Brengelmann/Brengelmann and the VELA test of Fahrenberg. Fifty-six student teachers had to take their names off the books. Their failures were closely correlated with introversion, neuroticism, and vegetative lability. The latter may already be evident from the medical history of the subject and should be sufficient cause for psychological testing in case the student should encounter difficulties in his work. Rigidity is not yet fully developed in the age group to which students normally belong and shows no significant correlation with failure.

Extraversion, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Establishment and cytogenetic analysis of a cell line derived from a human epithelioma of the lung..

A continuously growing cell line, established from a bronchial carcinoma of sqamous cell type derived from a 56 year old white male, has been kept in culture since 1971. The line, named E14, is now in its 158th passage. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrates a slight gain of chromosome number up to the 100th passage, since when the stem-line has remained fairly stable at between 58 and 61 chromosomes. Banding analyses indicate that, whereas minor changes in the structural rearrangements of the karyotype are constantly occuring, the basic tumor genotype remains fairly stable.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1977

Cytogenetic effects of chemotherapy and cranial irradiation on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with malignant disease.

Results of a cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of children with leukemia after massive chemotherapy and cranial irradiation, and of children with nephrosis after coritisone therapy and cyclophosphamide are presented. Prolonged intensive chemotherapy results in a significant rise in the number of chromatid aberrations after twelve months, and of chromosomal aberrations after 24 months of therapy. After cranial irradiation a sharp rise in chromosome aberrations is present for about three months. This drops after one year to levels present in cases with chemotherapy alone.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary tissue concentrations of ethchlorvynol after intravenous injection.

Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has been reported to follow the intravenous use of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) in both human clinical and animal experimental situations. In a further attempt to define ethchlorvynol-pulmonary tissue inter-relations, we measured ethchlorvynol concentrations in venous and arterial blood and lung and liver tissue of dogs after intravenous injection of 15 to 25 mg of the drug per kg of body weight. In 10 dogs, the mean +/- SEM lung concentrations 1, 3, and 5 min after injection were 70 +/- 20, 50 +/- 13, and 24 +/- 9 mug per g of tissue, respectively. Simultaneous mean +/- SEM venous contrations were 75 +/- 40, 29+/-5, and 22 +/- 5 mug per ml of blood, respectively. During minutes 1 and 3, the liver concentrations were lower than those found in the lung. In an additional 3 dogs, injection of ethchlorvynol into the portal vein led to higher concentrations (at all sample times) in the liver when compared to the lung. In vitro lung slice studies using ethchlorvynol labeled with iodine-131 revealed no active energy-dependent uptake. Intravenously administered ethchlorvynol rapidly fluxes into and out of lung tissue, apparently following the laws of diffusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effects of ethchlorvynol on pulmonary alveolar membrane permeability.

Intravenous injection of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) causes noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in humans and laboratory animals. We studied the effects of intravenous ethchlorvynol (15 to 25 mg per kg of body weight) on pulmonary alveolar membrane permeability to various endogenous and exogenous solutes in the in vivo saline-filled dog lung model. Baseline and postethchlorvynol times in minutes for 50 per cent equilibration between the blood and saline-filled alveoli were, respectively, for urea, 37.3 +/- 12.4 and 12 +/- 6.3; for albumin 8,160 +/- 4,400 and 267 +/- 93; for dextrans of molecular weight 10,400 daltons, 1,150 +/- 80 and 185 +/- 160; for dextrans of molecular weight 250,000 daltons, 24,000 +/- 800 and 1,120 +/- 900; for dextrans of molecular weight 500,000 daltons, 24,500 +/- 150 and 1,020 +/- 590. All of these pairs of values were significantly different (P less than 0.01). In addition, lung liquid histamine (but not blood histamine) concentrations increased significantly (P less than 0.001) after ethchlorvynol injection. Intravenous ethchlorvynol causes marked increases in alveolar membrane permeability.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[On the determination of chlorine with a polarographic probe. 1st communication: Examination of the physical properties of the new instrument (author's transl)].

A new chlorine measuring device for the field use in the water plant praxis was tested. The portable instrument supplied with a selectively permeable membrane works basing on the polarographic principle and shall allow an easy and accurate measurement of the "disinfectingpower" of a water chlorination. In the 1st note most important possibilities of meter-default as dependence on streamvelocity of water, pH and temperature are described. Furter the phenomenon of hysteresis is demonstrated.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1977

[On the determination of chlorine with a polarographic probe. 2nd communication: experimental arrangement and results under application (author's transl)].

The examination of the physical properties of the instrument showed several possibilities of meter-error mainly due to constructive disadvantages. After having found this a special experimental arrangement was worked out to exclude errors. Then good linear correlations of the meter-reading and the analytical DPD-Method for free Chlorine were found for pH-values ranging from 3.7 to 11. Further the results of a test under practical conditions in a swimming pool are shown and the possibility to discriminate different types of waters by their chlorine demand under constant-titration.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1977

Endotoxin-induced increased alveolar capillary membrane permeability.

In an attempt to define the effects of endotoxin on the permeability of the pulmonary alveolar capillary membrane (ACM) to a variety of substances [molecular weight (MW) varying from 60 to 69,000], we studied the movement of specific molecular species from the pulmonary capillary blood to the saline-filled "alveolus," employing an in vivo dog lung model. Following endotoxin injection (2-2.5 mg/kg) baseline T1/2 values (time, in minutes, for 50% equilibration of the specific solute between the blood and the saline-filled lung) decreased as follows (compared to baseline values): urea (MW 60) - 42.5 +/- 24 to 21.3 +/- 18; sucrose (MW 360) - 201 +/- 72 to 76 +/- 53; 3,000 MW dextran - 1,275 +/- 746 to 686 +/- 433; 10,400 MW dextran - 1,871 +/- 845 to 1,052 +/- 630 (all p less than 0.05). Neither 20,000 MW dextran nor albumin (MW 69,000) showed an increased permeability following endotoxin injection. Histamine analysis revealed a significant increase in all lung liquid samples post-endotoxin injection without a significant increase in blood histamine values. We conclude that, acutely (within 4 hr of injection), endotoxin causes an increase in permeability of the ACM for substances up to 10,400 MW. The role of histamine in this increased permeability remains controversial.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The different inactivation of isoniazid in intermittent chemotherapy (author's transl)].

A ratio-test (Isoniazid: acetyl-isoniazid) is used for phenotyping the Isoniazid-inactivation. The border-line between both the phenotypes is determinated. The influence of age and weight of the patients is studied. Usefully results are obtained after application per os of an uniform dosage and a sampling period for urine of 4 hours. Increasing the dosage to 900 mg the portion of isoniazid arises mmore than proportionally, more distinct in rapid than in slow inactivators. Therefore the differences between the two phentoypes are diminished. The clinical importance of these results is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Hygienic problems in intensive care units (author's transl)].

Microbiological tests have established that intensive care units act as a reservoir from which hospital infections spread. The mode of their spread is reviewed. The increased incidence of nosocomial infections to intensive care wards is attributable partly to deficient antisepsis and asepsis and partly to inadequate planning of the building and organization of these wards. Plans for two intensive care wards are put forward which would reduce the risk of contact, smear and air-borne infections. In the planning of these units greater attention than has so far been the case should be paid to preventing the spread of pathogenic micro-organisms.

Air Microbiology↗