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Biomedical subjects

O Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to O Yoshida.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cytogenetic survey of subfertile males in Japan.

Chromosomal analysis of 554 consecutive Japanese male patients attending a subfertility clinic revealed 18 (3.2%) major chromosomal aberrations. The incidence of sex chromosomal anomalies and autosomal anomalies is 1.3 and 2.0%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that for the general population. All 7 sex chromosomal anomalies were found among the azoo- or oligozoospermic patients, while the incidence of autosomal anomalies for the normozoospermic patients was statistically similar to that for the azoo- or oligozoospermic patients. Therefore, cytogenetic analysis is recommended not only for patients with reduced sperm density but also for subfertile patients with normozoospermia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Testicular cancer].

A dramatic improvement in the survival of patients with testicular cancer has been witnessed in the 1970s. These advances are in the areas of diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of patients with this disease. The thrust of improvement includes the finding of sensitive and specific markers, the introduction of CDDP, and utilization of CT. Also, the finding of the efficacy of multidisciplinary treatment consisting of intensive chemotherapy and surgery has played a decisive role in the management of patients. This paper is devoted of a discussion of the basic sciences related to testicular cancer and the diagnosis and management of this tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of serum prostatic specific antigen in prostatic cancer: simultaneous assays of prostatic specific antigen, gamma-seminoprotein and prostatic acid phosphatase in 113 newly diagnosed patients with prostatic cancer].

Serum prostatic specific antigen (PA), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels were measured in 113 untreated patients with prostatic cancer and in 137 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). We used a PA-TESTWAKO enzyme immunoassay kit, gamma-Sm enzyme immunoassay kit and PAP radioimmunoassay kit. Of the 113 patients, 81.4%, 73.5% and 69%, respectively, were detectable using a single assay. PA was more sensitive than the other two markers in all stages, especially in localized disease (stages A, B and C). Using the BPH group as a negative control, specificities of PA, gamma-Sm and PAP were 85.4%, 81.0% and 94.2%, respectively. Efficiency was, respectively, 81.2%, 79.6% and 82.8%. In the follow up period, 15 patients presented disease progression. At the time of clinical detectable progression, the sensitivities of PA and gamma-Sm were both 100% (15/15), while 67% (10/15) for PAP. Concerning the sensitivity within 6 months prior to progression, gamma-Sm and PA tended to be more sensitive than PAP in early detection of disease progression. This study shows that PA is more reliable than gamma-Sm and PAP in detecting and staging of prostatic cancer. gamma-Sm and PA appear to be more reliable in earlier prediction of disease progression.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical studies on childhood urolithiasis during the past 22 years].

We have studied retrospectively 68 children who presented with urolithiasis between 1965 and 1986. Male to female ratio was 1.83 to 1 and the mean age was 9.5 years. Fifty four children (79%) had calculi in the upper urinary tract, 9 (13%) had in the lower, and 4 (6%) had calculi both in the upper and lower urinary tract. The most common presenting symptoms were gross hematuria (53%) and abdominal or flank pain (38%). Predisposing factors could be found only in 21 children (31%). Twenty four of the 68 patients (35%) had open surgery and 16 patients (24%) passed their stones spontaneously. Twenty one stones were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. Infectious stone was more frequent than in adult cases. Among children five years old and younger, infectious stone was the most frequent. Among children over five years old, the number of idiopathic calcium stone has been on the increase with the years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Occupation and tobacco as risk factors in urinary bladder cancer].

A case-control study among 100 male and 39 female invasive bladder cancer patients (greater than or equal to pT2, G3 & pT1) and equal number of age- and sex-matched superficial bladder cancer patients (G1 or G2, pTa) and hospital control patients was conducted in order to analyze the influence of occupation and tobacco consumption. All patients were admitted at the Department of Urology in the Kyoto University Hospital between 1975 and 1987. There were no significant risk factors among occupations in bladder cancer except housewife in female. Cigarette smokers of both sexes were at higher relative risk than non-smokers and a significant dose response relation was observed for increasing cigarette consumption.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1989

[Benzidine dyes and risk of bladder cancer].

Until the early 1970's there was little concern about dyes which contain benzidine as an integral part of their chemical structure. Furthermore, use of the finished dyes was not considered dangerous. To ascertain whether azo dyes are associated with risk of development of bladder tumors in workers who handpaint Yuzen-type silk kimonos in Kyoto, we investigated the disintegration of dyes to benzidine. In these studies, we found that in rats and mice benzidine-based dyes are metabolized to benzidine and that the azo linkage of benzidine dyes is reduced by Escherichia coli and soil bacteria. These experimental findings were reported previously. In this report, we outline an approach to these studies. Many of the dyes used to color paper, textiles, lipstick, bait used by fishermen, as well as hair dyes, and dyes used in research, for pharmaceutical products, and by defence personnel for the detection of liquid chemical warfare agents, have been shown to be potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic. We review the literature on these dyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: comparison with PTCA immediately after thrombolysis].

We studied 73 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) without thrombolysis (direct PTCA) and 52 patients with AMI treated by PTCA immediately after thrombolysis (PTCR + PTCA). The initial results, angiographic findings and preservation of ventricular functions of the direct PTCA group were compared with those of the PTCR + PTCA group. 1. The success rate of coronary recanalization was higher in the direct PTCA group than in the PTCR + PTCA group, but there was no statistical significance (89% vs 77%; p = NS). 2. Major complications occurred in 4.1% of the direct PTCA group and in 5.8% of the PTCR + PTCA group (p = NS). 3. The incidence of acute coronary reocclusion was higher in the PTCR + PTCA group than in the direct PTCA group (7.4% vs 22%; p less than 0.05). 4. Angiographic haziness at the dilated site following PTCA was seen more frequently in patients in the PTCR + PTCA group than in those of the direct PTCA group (43% vs 23%; p less than 0.05). 5. Patients with haziness at the dilated site had a significantly higher incidence of acute coronary reocclusion than did the patients without such haziness (28% vs 6.3%; p less than 0.05). 6. Left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion were better preserved in the direct PTCA group than in the PTCR + PTCA group, but there was not statistical significance. It was suggested that direct PTCA is safe and can be performed with good success rates. It is superior to PTCR + PTCA in avoiding acute coronary reocclusion, and thus we supposed that the response of lesions to angioplasty may be altered by the administration of thrombolytic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of early myocardial reperfusion on left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

The effect of early myocardial reperfusion (within six hours after the onset of symptoms) on left ventricular (LV) function in 106 patients with acute myocardial infarction was studied. The subjects consisting of 26 with conventional therapy, 19 with percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR), 16 with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after PTCR, 32 with direct-PTCA and 13 with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) were randomly observed after 1981. In these patients, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), regional wall motion, end-diastolic pressure and the contractility index were measured as the indices of LV function. 1. Compared to the conventional therapy group, LVEF and regional wall motion improved significantly in all groups with reperfusion therapy except in the PTCR group. This LV function in patients with subtotal obstruction or good initial collaterals significantly improved compared to patients with total obstruction and no collateral circulation. Patients with a 75 percent or more residual stenosis after reperfusion therapy had significantly decreased LV function compared to those with residual stenosis of less than 75 percent. These findings support the potential role for reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Restorative effect of muroctasin; MDP-Lys (L18) [DJ-7041] on leukopenia in urogenital cancer patients treated with chemotherapy].

Muroctasin, a derivative of muramyl dipeptide (MDP), increases WBC count through induction of the colony stimulating factor (CSF). This action of muroctasin is useful to treat cancer patients with leukopenia on chemotherapy. Urogenital cancer patients were randomized to either a 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms dose group of muroctasin when the WBC count dropped below 3,000/cmm in the first cycle of chemotherapy. The patients were then subcutaneously treated with muroctasin once daily for 6 consecutive days, and restoration of their WBC count determined. Out of the 32 patients who were enrolled in the study, 25, 24 and 23 patients were assessed for safety, usefulness and efficacy, respectively. The 100 micrograms dose was more effective in restoring the WBC count than the 50 micrograms dose based on the evaluation by the physicians. This result was also confirmed when we used the criteria for evaluation of adverse reactions as recommended by the Japanese guidelines for evaluation of efficacy of chemotherapy on solid tumors. Mild fever and reaction at the injection site were noted in 16% (4/25). In conclusion, muroctasin is useful for leukopenia after chemotherapy.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1989

[Basic and clinical evaluation of an immunoradiometric competitive inhibition assay for 2----6 sialyl Lewis a antigen--1. Evaluation of assay conditions and normal values].

We describe an immunoradiometric competitive inhibition assay of the serum levels of the 2----6 sialyl Lewisa antigen, using "SLA 2-6 Otsuka" kits. The assay required only duplicate 50-microliters samples, and the concentration of 2----6 sialyl Lewisa antigen in serum was determined by reference to a standard curve ranging from 0 to 160 arbitrary U/ml. The intra- and inter-assays reproducibilities were good and analytical recovery of antigen were excellent. The serum levels of the antigen were highly dependent on the Lewis blood types of the tested individuals; i.e., the levels of the antigen in the sera of the Lewisa-b- individuals were significantly lower than those of the antigen obtained with the Lewisa+b- and Lewisa-b+ individuals. The cut-off value (42 U/ml) was obtained as mean + 2SD, which was carefully calculated from the antigen levels in sera of the non-Lewisa-b- individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Basic and clinical evaluation of an immunoradiometric competitive inhibition assay for 2----6 sialyl Lewis a antigen--2. Evaluation of clinical significance].

The clinical significance of serum 2----6 sialyl Lewisa antigen was evaluated using "SLA 2----6 Otsuka" kits. Results indicated that the antigen was frequently elevated in sera obtained from patients with various cancers, including pancreas (73%), liver (67%), bilialy tract (66%), uterus (35%), and stomach (33%). Among other tumor markers examined, CA 19-9 (2----3 sialyl Lewisa) had a very similar cancer spectrum as 2----6 sialyl Lewisa. In the sera of patients with malignant disorders of digestive and respiratory organs, including stomach, intestine, pancreas, biliary tract and lung, the serum levels of CA19-9 tended to be higher than those of 2----6 sialyl Lewisa, usually exceeded those of CA19-9. This suggests that the 2----6 sialylation of Lewisa antigen is equally observed in malignant and non-malignant diseases, while the 2----3 sialylation is relatively specific to cancers. As a result, the ratio of the two antigens, CA 19-9: 2----6 sialyl Lewisa antigen ratio, exceeded 2.0 in most of the sera obtained from patients with malignancy, whereas the ratio was below 2.0 in most of patients with corresponding non-malignant diseases of those organs. The determination of the ratio may be clinically useful in the differential diagnosis of the malignant and non-malignant diseases in those organs.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Stable formation of the nipple valve in Kock pouch for diversion of the urinary tract.

Construction of a continent ileal urinary reservoir is associated with a high incidence of late complications because of malfunction of the nipple valve. Three important modifications in the operative procedures for the construction of the nipple valve were developed with significant improvements in late complication rates and end results. First is the use of Dacron (polyester fiber) fabric as a collar instead of Marlex mesh (polypropylene), which frequently causes erosion. The second is treatment of the mesentery using a CUSA (Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator) (Cavitron Co. Ltd.) instead of making Deaver's windows, thus preserving the blood supply to the nipple valves. Third is anchoring of the nipple valves to the anterior wall of the reservoir, preventing prolapse, the most frequent malfunction of the nipple valve. The incidence of malfunction of the nipple valve and the end results of this innovative urinary diversion using an internal reservoir were analyzed in relation to these modifications of the operative technique among 71 patients. To date, with an established mode of operation, the success rate is more than 95 per cent.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case of ileal leiomyosarcoma, difficult to differentiate from retrovesical tumor: report of a case].

A case of ileal leiomyosarcoma which was preoperatively diagnosed as a retrovesical tumor in a 41-year-old male patient was reported. He consulted our department with a complaint of tenesmus ani. CT, MRI and ultrasonography showed a mass in the retrovesical space which was palpable superior to the prostate in anal digital examination. Intraoperatively, the tumor was found to originate from the ileum, 250 cm from the ileocecal joint (Bauhin's valve). It is difficult to make diagnosis of leiomyosarcomas of small intestine preoperatively. Thirty-eight cases of leiomyosarcoma of small intestine reported in the recent 5 years in Japan are reviewed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Prostatic cancer].

The incidence of prostatic cancer has been increasing and will probably increase more in Japan in the future, although it may not be probable that the incidence become high as in the western countries. Carcinoma of the prostate gland is one of cancers in which main treatment modality is hormonal manipulation. It is evident through epidemiological study that the development of prostatic cancer is associated with environmental factors such as dietary or sexual life styles which may influence on the hormonal milieu. In animal models aging and androgens are indispensable factors when inducing prostatic cancer. Thus the mechanism of hormone dependency in prostatic cancer should be elucidated to consolidate the basis of its hormonal therapy. It is shown in in vivo or in vitro experiments that the hormonal action is mediated by several growth factors. However, this must be investigated when androgens or growth factors play their roles during the process of carcinogenesis. While the main therapy of prostatic cancer is hormonal it is generally accepted that a radical means to treat prostatic cancer is solely total excision of the prostate gland when cancer is confined to the prostate. Hormone therapy is conservative principally, but is only available means now for treating patients with advanced prostatic cancer. In order to obtain more effective hormonal manipulation, the mechanism of hormone dependency must be understood. We need more effective antiandrogenic agents with lesser adverse effects. The final goal in the treatment of prostatic cancer is in its eradication. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to establish multidisciplinary treatment which includes surgery, hormonal manipulation, chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy for the eradication of advanced prostatic cancer.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[Transurethral unroofing of the müllerian duct cyst: a case report].

Management of Müllerian duct cyst depends on the size and symptomatology. Here we report a case of recurrent Müllerian duct cyst which was treated successfully by transurethral approach. A 57-year-old man was first admitted because of dysuria in 1981. Under the diagnosis of Müllerian duct cyst, he underwent resection of the cyst by suprapubic retrovesical approach that resulted in incomplete extirpation. In 1982, he was readmitted for recurrence of the cyst. Excision by transsacral approach was unsuccessful because of severe adhesion. He was followed by periodic puncture of the cyst and alcohol instillation. In 1988, he was hospitalized because of persistent urinary symptoms. Since open surgical procedure was thought to be difficult, it was replaced by transurethral management. A cyst bulging into the trigone was found with a cystoscope and the bladder wall over the cyst was resected transurethrally until the cyst was entered. A 2 cm opening between the bladder and the cyst was created with a resectoscope. Follow up CT scan two months later demonstrated sufficient communication between the bladder and the cyst. The patient voided well with no discomfort. We believe that transurethral unroofing of the cyst provides a safe treatment in selected cases.

Cysts↗
PubMed1989

[Urinary continence in patients undergoing nerve sparing radical prostatectomy].

Recently, the morbidity of radical prostatectomy has been reduced by improvements in surgical techniques and greater understanding of pelvic anatomy. The nerve sparing technique has been considered to be a major contribution to this advance. In our study, urinary control was compared in 33 consecutive patients undergoing a radical retropubic prostatectomy. In 13 patients, a conventional radical prostatectomy was performed and in 20 subsequent patients, a nerve sparing operation was performed. The staff surgeons were the same throughout the study. The age of the patients and pathological stage of the tumor were not significantly different between the groups. The operative time was shorter and intraoperative blood loss was less both significantly in the nerve sparing group. In the conventional operated group, there was one patient with total incontinence and two with significant incontinence requiring absorbable pads. In the nerve sparing group, there were no patients having total incontinence and one had stress incontinence requiring absorbable pads. Urethral pressure profile was measured postoperatively in 17 in the nerve sparing group and in 7 in the conventional group. The maximum urethral pressure in the nerve sparing group was 31.5 cm H2O (SD = 5.4) and in the conventional group 23.2 cm H2O (SD = 5.7) with a significant difference between groups (p less than 0.01). The functional urethral length of the nerve sparing group was 16.7 mm (SD = 5.2) and in the conventional group 13.3 mm (SD = 3.7) with no significant difference between the groups. These results suggest that preservation of neurovascular bundles from the pelvic plexus during radical prostatectomy has no important role in postoperative urinary continence.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Studies of oxalate efflux and oxalate transport via anion exchange in rat renal brush border membrane vesicles].

In order to study the characteristics of oxalate transport across the brush border membrane, we studied oxalate uptake and efflux by rat renal cortical brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). The vesicles were prepared with MgCl2 precipitation method and oxalate uptake was measured by a modification of the rapid millipore filtration technique. In order to analyze efflux of oxalate from BBMV, the vesicles were pre-equilibrated with 100 microM [14-C]-oxalate for 10 min, at 30 degrees C. Temperature dependent and independent oxalate uptake were observed under the conditions of salt and anion free medium. Temperature dependent oxalate accumulation showed "over shoot", indicating carrier mediated oxalate flux. The stimulating effect of an inside alkaline pH gradient on oxalate uptake failed to show at intravesicular pH 8.5. The efflux of oxalate from pre-loaded BBMV showed three steps decreasing curve. Initial rapid efflux was inhibited by extravesicular 5 mM para-aminohippurate (PAH) and low temperature (5 degrees C). Extravesicular 100 microM PAH had no effect on oxalate efflux. These data suggested a carrier mediated oxalate transport system across the barrier from intracellular to luminal site. An outwardly directed chloride (Cl) gradient stimulated oxalate uptake in BBMV, DIDS, anion exchange inhibitor, inhibited this Cl-stimulated oxalate uptake completely. Harmaline, a Na-coupled cotransport inhibitor, had no effect and Probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor, caused 45% inhibitory effect on Cl-gradient stimulated oxalate transport system via anion exchange in the rat kidney BBMV.

Animals↗