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Biomedical subjects

O Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to O Yoshida.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Study on influence of cigarette smoking on the mutagenicity of urine. I. Influence of cigarette smoking on the mutagenicity of urine in healthy smokers and bladder cancer patients].

We studied the mutagenicity of urine of healthy smokers and smokers with bladder tumors by the Ames test. The 41 healthy smokers studied showed a significant increase in urinary mutagenic activity compared to the 24 passive smokers and the 22 non-smokers, but there was no significant difference between the passive smokers and non-smokers. In the 5 healthy subjects, the urinary mutagenic activity increased in accordance with the increase of tobacco consumption. In the 32 healthy subjects and 22 smokers with bladder tumors, the time-course changes of the mutagenicity of urine after smoking were investigated by testing the urine every 2 hours. In the healthy subjects, urinary mutagenic activity was increased up to 4 hours after cigarette smoking and decreased to the level noted before smoking after the 6th hour. By contrast, in the 22 smokers with bladder tumors, the urinary mutagenic activity remained high even after the 6th hour, and only decreased to the level seen before smoking after the 8th hour. The influence of smoking on the mutagenicity of urine tended to protract in smokers with bladder tumors in comparison to healthy smokers. There was no correlation between urinary mutagenic activity and tumor status and recurrence rate of the bladder tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Study on influence of cigarette smoking on the mutagenicity of urine. II. Animal experimental model of passive smoking].

We developed a convenient animal experimental model to study the effects of passive smoking on urinary mutagenicity. Rats were individually placed into metabolic cages, and were exposed to a side-stream of cigarette smoke under specific conditions. Then 24-hour urine collections were performed. Mutagenicity was investigated by the Ames test using the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. In strain TA98, the mutagenicity of urine was 5.4-fold and 5.3-fold increased with and without metabolic activation, respectively, by exposure to cigarette smoke, and that in strain TA100 was 4.7-fold and 4.4-fold increased. Using this animal model, the effect of passive smoking on urinary mutagenicity can be investigated conveniently. This model can be applied to a variety of experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

MDR1 RNA levels in human renal cell carcinomas: correlation with grade and prediction of reversal of doxorubicin resistance by quinidine in tumor explants.

We examined the distribution of RNA levels expressed by the multidrug-resistance gene (MDR1, also known as PGY1) in 42 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) samples (38 primary and four metastatic lesions). The median MDR1 RNA level for the 38 primary lesions, expressed relative to the level for KB-3-1 cells, was approximately one-half of the level in multidrug-resistant KB-8-5 cells. Elevated MDR1 RNA levels were also observed in three of the four metastatic lesions. The mean MDR1 RNA level was higher in well-differentiated RCCs than in those that were poorly differentiated, suggesting that the increased expression of the MDR1 gene in RCCs originates from the increased expression in renal proximal tubule cells. To clarify the association of the MDR1 protein product P-glycoprotein with natural resistance to doxorubicin (ADR) in RCCs, we evaluated the effects of quinidine on in vitro sensitivity to ADR in 16 RCC samples, using a [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. The enhancing effect of quinidine (7.5 micrograms/mL) on sensitivity to ADR was statistically significant only in the group with high MDR1 RNA levels. Similar enhancement by quinidine of sensitivity to ADR was also observed in the established RCC cell lines in which MDR1 RNA levels were high. These results suggest that P-glycoprotein is active in the natural resistance of RCCs to ADR.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the L-myc gene and susceptibility to metastasis in renal cancer patients.

We examined Southern blot analyses of normal and tumor DNAs from 50 patients with sporadic renal cancer, using the human L-myc oncogene fragment as a hybridization probe. Our purpose was to study the relationship between the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the L-myc and the frequencies of metastases. There was no individual difference in patterns of L-myc RFLP between normal and tumor-tissue DNAs digested with EcoRI. The patients were classified into 3 genetic types according to the polymorphic patterns defined by the 2 alleles [10-kilobase (kb) and 6.6-kb fragments]. The relative ratios of the 3 genotypes in the renal cancer patients were similar to those seen in healthy Japanese. However, of 16 patients who exhibited distant organ metastases at the time of surgery, only one was a 10-kb fragment homozygote. The incidence of distant metastases in 10-kb homozygotes was significantly lower than that in 6.6-kb homozygotes plus heterozygotes (p = 0.06). These results basically correspond to the previous findings in the lung cancer patients, and suggest that L-myc RFLP is a widely applicable genetic marker to predict prognosis in cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Case-control study of prostatic cancer in Kyoto, Japan: demographic and some lifestyle risk factors.

Demographic risk factors for prostatic cancer were examined in a case-control study of 100 triplets of prostatic cancer patients and age-, hospital-, and admission date-matched control series of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and general hospital patients. A higher risk of prostatic cancer was associated with the following factors: 1) long-term occupation in transport or communication (relative risk [RR] = 4.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-20.5) as compared with hospital controls; 2) the wife having a lower educational level (RR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45) as compared with hospital controls; 3) no past episode of hypertension as compared with BPH controls (RR = 2.30, 95%CI: 1.27-4.15); 4) having several sisters (more than four) as compared with both BPH and hospital controls (RR = 3.82, 95%CI: 1.35-10.8 and RR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.08-8.03 respectively); 5) dense body hair as compared with hospital controls (RR = 4.28, 95%CI: 1.19-15.4). No significant links were found with blood type, daily drug use, head hair, skin color, body type, smoking habits, religion, body weight, and mental characteristics.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of in vitro lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity against renal cancer cell lines and its suppression by serum factor using crystal violet assay.

Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell activity against renal cancer cell lines was assessed in vitro using a crystal violet assay. A standard 4-h 51chromium release assay and a 48-h crystal violet assay showed that both natural killer-susceptible (NC65) and -resistant (ACHN) renal cancer cell lines were sensitive to LAK cells which had been generated by a 3-day incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2). Optimal LAK activity was generated by a 5-day culture of PBMC with 1 U rIL-2/ml. LAK activity was enhanced by the presence of IL-2 in the crystal violet assay system, while it was suppressed by fresh autologous serum. The suppressive effect was found in serum from both normal donors and patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, suggesting that non-specific suppressive factor(s) affecting LAK cell activity were present in human sera.

Blood↗
PubMed1989

The relationship between calcium content and aluminum and silicon content in uraemic rats.

The relationship between calcium (Ca) content and aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) content in uraemic rats was examined. Significant correlations with serum [Ca] x [Pi] products and serum Al levels and serum Si values were found (r = 0.73, p less than 0.01). There were significant (r = -0.26, p less than 0.05; r = -0.46, p less than 0.05) relationships between corpuscular [Ca] x [Pi] products and corpuscular Al levels and corpuscular Si values. We found that renal tissue [Ca] x [Pi] products tend to increase with the increase of renal tissue Al content and renal tissue Si content. Serum and corpuscular Al content and Si content can be used as one of the indicators of renal osteodystrophy.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1989

Enhancement by X-ray irradiation of target cell susceptibility to natural killer cells.

The in vitro effect of X-ray irradiation on tumor cell susceptibility to lysis by natural killer (NK) cells was studied in human systems. When relatively NK-resistant T24 bladder transitional carcinoma cells were irradiated with X-rays and cultured for 18 h, they showed increased sensitivity to lysis by blood lymphocytes in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. No enhancement was seen when irradiated target cells were tested immediately after exposure to X-rays. The X-ray-induced augmentation was observed with as little as 1 Gy of irradiation, the level of which was comparable to that observed at higher doses. The doses of X-rays did not influence the viability and spontaneous release of the target cells. Treatment with mitomycin C of target cells did not change their NK sensitivity. On the other hand, irradiation with X-rays of blood lymphocytes resulted in a transient increase in NK activity at 3 h, and then the activity declined and was completely lost by 24 h. However, when irradiated lymphocytes were stimulated with interferon (IFN), they maintained the high activity against untreated T24 cells. These results suggest the possible use of relatively low doses of X-ray irradiation in combination with IFN for treatment of human cancer.

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic↗
PubMed1989

Total replacement of the suprarenal inferior vena cava with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene tube graft in 2 patients with tumor thrombi from renal cell carcinoma.

Total replacement of the suprarenal inferior vena cava using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular graft was successful in 2 renal cell carcinoma patients with extended tumor thrombi densely adherent to the vena caval wall. Right radical nephrectomy in 1 patient and enucleation of the tumor in the solitary right kidney were performed concomitantly. Both patients are well without tumor recurrence and with good vena caval patency 14 and 6 months postoperatively. This procedure could be a safer mode of operation in cases of extended vena caval involvement by malignant tumors. Total reconstruction of the inferior vena cava enables more radical resection of the tumor.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1989

Malignant lymphoma of the testis: histological and immunohistological study of 28 cases.

Histological and immunohistological studies were made in 28 patients with testicular lymphoma who presented with a right (15), left (11) or bilateral (2) scrotal swelling. Patient age at hospitalization ranged from 39 to 87 years, with a median age of 64 years. The disease was stage 1 in 12 patients, stage 2 in 11 and stage 3 in 5. Histologically, most of the neoplasms were of the diffuse large cell type, with an immunoblastic type being the most common. Immunohistochemistry revealed that all but 2 cases were of the B cell type. None of the tumors reacted with monoclonal antibody for T cell. These findings suggested that testicular lymphoma exclusively consisted of the B cell type, identical to previous reports of extranodal lymphomas other than those in the skin. The pertinent literature is reviewed and the histogenesis of testicular lymphoma is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Vanadium in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis.

The relationships between serum vanadium and serum aluminium, beta 2-microglobulin, silicon, phosphate, red blood cell count, haemoglobin and systolic blood pressure were studied in 80 chronic haemodialysis patients. Vanadium transfer during haemodialysis was also examined. Serum vanadium in 80 patients before haemodialysis was 18.4 +/- 7.6 ng/ml (normal values: 0.4 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). Significant correlations between serum vanadium and serum aluminium, silicon, beta 2-microglobulin, phosphate, red blood cell count, haemoglobin, and systolic blood pressure were found. As ultrafiltrate vanadium was greater than vanadium in the dialysate, vanadium transfers from blood to dialysate. Therefore, serum vanadium before haemodialysis significantly decreased from 18.4 +/- 7.76 ng/ml to 13.0 +/- 5.30 ng/ml, during a 5-h haemodialysis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1989

Detection of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene RNA expression in human tumors by a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay.

The human MDR1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein, an energy-dependent drug-efflux pump, was initially isolated from a multidrug-resistant KB carcinoma cell. When a 3 kb genomic sequence isolated from normal human tissue including the major downstream promoter and the first and second exons of the MDR1 gene was compared to the equivalent fragment from KB cells, the MDR1 gene from KB carcinoma cells was found to have a point mutation in the first exon. Although this mutation does not affect the downstream promoter sequence or the coding sequence of the MDR1 gene, it creates a single base mismatch between the 5' KB genomic fragment previously used for RNase protection analysis of MDR1 RNA expression in normal tissues and thereby reduces the sensitivity of this assay. Using the DNA fragment from normal tissues rather than KB cells, we have reanalyzed MDR1 mRNA levels in 12 renal carcinomas and 4 colon adenocarcinomas. By this RNase protection assay, MDR1 RNA levels are as high in these tumors as in the multidrug-resistant cell line, KB-8-5. The ribonuclease protection assay indicated that the major downstream promoter was mainly used in these clinical samples including two samples of RNA from metastatic renal cancer. This assay appears to be a very sensitive and specific assay for detecting MDR1 mRNA levels and mRNA initiation sites in clinical samples.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1989

Synthesis of an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Anti-HIV effects of lentinan sulfate were investigated by using an HTLV-I-carrying cell line, MT-4, in vitro. Lentinan, a fungal branched (1----3)-beta-D-glucan, was sulfated to various degrees by means of two kinds of procedures using piperidine N-sulfonic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide or chlorosulfonic acid in pyridine. Lentinan sulfate with a sulfur content of more than 13.9% effectively prevented HIV-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) at concentrations of more than 3.3 micrograms/ml. However, low-substituted lentinan sulfate did not prevent HIV-induced CPE at any concentration tested. When the countercation was 50% Na+ and 50% pyridinium ion, the inhibitory capacity was low. Anticoagulant activity of the lentinan sulfate was also assessed.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1989

Kinetics of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) during plasmapheresis.

The pharmacokinetics of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cisplatin) during double filtration plasmapheresis (PP) have been studied in ten patients who received the drug as a 30 min infusion. The patients receiving the drug exhibited biphase clearance of total platinum with a rapid initial phase (40 min) and a prolonged second phase (1-24 h). Free (ultrafiltrable) cisplatin was readily detectable and the clearance curve of free cisplatin was biphasic, with a short initial phase (1 h) and a long second phase (1-24 h). In conclusion, the loss of both total cisplatin and free cisplatin in serum were not found during plasmapheresis.

Cisplatin↗
PubMed1989

Azoospermic male with a balanced Y-autosome translocation.

Structural chromosomal aberrations, such as translocations or inversions, may cause spermatogenic failure. We report a rare chromosomal anomaly 46,X,t(Y;3)(q12;p21) in an azoospermic male with normal phenotype. Twenty-two cases of a balanced Y-autosome translocation have been reported in the literature and the majority of them have been detected among azoospermic males at male infertility clinics. This structural chromosomal anomaly brings spermatogenic arrest at the primary or secondary spermatocyte.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multiple marker evaluation in prostatic cancer using prostatic specific antigen, gamma-seminoprotein and prostatic acid phosphatase.

Serum prostatic specific antigen (PA), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were evaluated in 141 patients with prostatic cancer, 121 of whom were newly diagnosed. Of the 121 untreated patients, 77, 71 and 67% were detectable by the PA, gamma-Sm and PAP markers, respectively. PA was equally or more sensitive in all stages than the other two markers. Using the benign prostatic hypertrophy group (131 patients) as a negative control, the specificities of PA, gamma-Sm and PAP were 89, 76 and 83%, respectively. Combination of PA, gamma-Sm and PAP increased sensitivity to 86%, especially in localized disease (stages A, B and C) to 74%, but did not improve specificity (67%) or efficiency (76%). During the follow-up period of 1-53 months, 24 of 141 patients with prostatic cancer had disease progression. All serial levels of gamma-Sm, PA, and PAP were positive in 17, 12 and 10 of the 24 patients within 6 months prior to detectable disease progression. gamma-Sm appeared to be more sensitive than the other two markers for early detection of disease progression. These results suggest that PA and gamma-Sm are reliable markers for detection and monitoring of prostatic cancer.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Neurofibromatosis associated with renovascular hypertension due to stenosis and aneurysm of the left renal segmental artery: report of a case.

We report a case of renovascular hypertension due to renal segmental artery stenosis and aneurysm seen in a 16-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis. Hypertension was successfully treated with partial nephrectomy. Histopathologic examination disclosed proliferation of arterial intima not only in the stenotic portion and the aneurysm but also in intralobular arteries of the kidney. Review of the literature revealed that treatment for such patients has varied.

Adolescent↗