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Biomedical subjects

N Yamane

Publications and source records attributed to N Yamane.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Characterization of avian paramyxoviruses isolated from feral ducks in northern Japan: the presence of three distinct viruses in nature.

Seventy-eight strains of avian paramyxoviruses (PMV) were isolated from cloacal and/or tracheal swabs taken from 1,342 feral ducks, comprised of spot-bill ducks, mallards, pintails, teals, falcated teals, wigeons and buffle-heads, in Wakuya-cho, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, between 1976 and 1979. Five and a half percent of the ducks were positive for virus. Serological and structural characterization indicated that three different avian paramyxoviruses are prevalent in the Japanese feral duck population. The first group of PMV was Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and in vivo pathogenecity tests in embryonated chicken eggs and 1-day-old chicks revealed that all the NDV strains isolated were avirulent. The second and most prevalent strain was closely related to PMV-4, duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 strain. The viruses of the third group were recovered only from pintails. They cross-reacted antigenically with PMV-3 when antisera to the PMV-3 reference strains, turkey/Wisconsin/68 and parakeet/Netherlands/449/75, were employed. However, no cross-reaction was observed when antiserum to pintail/Wakuya/20/78, the prototype of this group, was used. The viruses of the third group also differed in viral polypeptide profile from the reference strains of PMV-3.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The follow-up study of swine and Hong Kong influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs.

Pigs in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan were examined for swine (Hssw1N1) and Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus infection by serological tests. The results obtained revealed that a swine influenza was prevalent with relatively high positive ratios throughout that time, and that the Hong Kong influenza virus closely related to a recent human epidemic strain, A/Yamanashi/2/77, also persisted, corresponding to a human endemic. These epidemiological findings strongly suggested the possibility of direct transmission of Hong Kong virus from humans to pigs and vice versa.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Isolation and characterization of mucoid and non-mucoid Salmonella oranienburg isolated from pleural effusion of a patient with hemolytic anemia.

Salmonella oranienburg, mucoid and non-mucoid strains, were simultaneously isolated as causative agents from the pleural effusion of a patient with hereditary spherocytosis. The mucoid-typed Salmonella oranienburg was characterized by serological examination, taking advantage of the high frequency of mucoid (M) to non-mucoid (N) variation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Antibody responses after repeated influenza A virus immunizations among schoolchildren in Japan.

Antibody responses to influenza virus immunizations were examined among junior high school students. The students received two doses of a commercial split-product vaccine containing influenza A H1N1 during a 2-year period following the first appearance of H1N1 virus in the winter of 1977-78. In haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests, the students who had been infected with H1N1 virus in 1977-78 showed a better response and wider cross-reactivity to the drift strain than the students who had not experienced earlier H1N1 influenza infection. Neuraminidase-inhibition (NAI) antibody titres after immunization depended upon a history of natural infection with H1N1 virus, since students not previously infected showed no significant NAI antibody rise after immunization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion test: the method for the assay of the antibody to influenza A nucleoprotein.

The reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion (r-SRD) test using the avian-origin influenza A virus, A/chicken/Germany "N'/49 (Hav2Neql) disrupted with 1.0% sarkosyl, was established as the quantitative method for the assay of a type-specific antibody, particularly of an anti-nucleoprotein antibody, in human sera. Under the test conditions, human sera produced a definite opalescent zone around the well and the annulus area was found to have a high correlation to the antibody level of type A influenza nucleoprotein. The specificity of the opalescent zone produced in the test plate was confirmed with the specific antisera to each viral polypeptide and the adsorption procedures with the purified nucleoprotein. During an epidemic of H3N2 and H1N1 viruses, the r-SRD test was employed to estimate the infection ratio in junior high school students. The results demonstrated its convenience and high sensitivity in detecting the antibody rise to influenza A nucleoprotein. In addition, the age-distribution of the antibody level to influenza A nucleoprotein was examined and discussed. The results obtained strongly suggested that the r-SRD technique using the avian-origin influenza A virus provided a simple and reproducible method for the assay of the antibody level to influenza A nucleoprotein in a large scale seroepidemiology and in the serodiagnosis of influenza A virus infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Serological evidence of natural recombinant influenza virus (Hsw1N2) infection among pigs in Japan.

A new recombinant influenza A virus (Hsw1N2) infection among hogs in Miyagi prefecture, Japan, was confirmed by serological examinations. Nineteen out of twenty sera collected in one farm in January 1979 showed high haemagglutination inhibition antibody titres to Hsw1 antigen (A/New Jersey/8/76) and also significant neuraminidase inhibition antibody titres to N2 antigen of the Hong Kong 1973 variant (A/Port Chalmers/1/73) but not to N1 antigen. The results indicate the occurrence of genetic reassortment between Hsw1N1 and H3N2 viruses in Japanese pigs and spread of the recombinant in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The isolation of Vibrio alginolyticus from a patient with acute entero-colitis.

Vibrio alginolyticus was isolated from the "rice water" diarrheal stool of a female patient with acute entero-colitis, and from the trout roe which she ate. Subsequently, it was clearly demonstrated that, besides of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus was also enteropathogenic for humans. Additionally, we described the difference in the colony formation on some commercial thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agars when Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio cholerae were tested.

Agar↗
PubMed1979

Anti-nucleoprotein antibody response in influenza A infection.

The nucleoprotein (NP) antigen isolated from influenza A virus by solubilization with Triton X-100 (TX-100) and further electrophoresis with SDS-cellulose acetate membrane gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rabbit anti-serum hyperimmunized with the NP reacted only against the NP antigen. Moreover, a well-defined single precipitin line was shown between the NP and human sera. These results suggested that the NP was possible to detect anti-NP antibody in human serum. Immuno double diffusion (IDD) and single radial immunodiffusion (SRD) tests using the NP were established to detect the anti-NP antibody in human sera. During an epidemic caused by antigenic drift strain, anti-NP antibody was detected by the IDD test in the cases which did not show any significant rise in HAI titer. During a mixed epidemic caused by the different strain of HA antigen, the infection ratio in mass population was revealed more convenient and sensitive by SRD than HAI. The anti-NP antibody was detected by IDD for long periods of one year or more after infection. These results suggest that the detection of anti-NP antibody is applicable to serologic studies, particularly serologic diagnosis and serologic surveys of influenza infection in mass population.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Annual examination of influenza virus infection among pigs in Miyagi prefecture, Japan: the appearance of Hsw1N1 virus.

Annual dissemination of swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among hogs in Miyagi prefecture, Japan, was examined by virus recovery and serological tests. The serological examination revealed that two distinct influenza A viruses, H3N2 and Hsw1N1, had caused dual epidemic in pigs since mid-1977. Some individual sera contained antibodies against both strains. Although positive sera against Hong Kong or swine influenza viruses appeared in the serosurvey throughout the year, the positive ratios indicated a peak in the early spring of 1978. During this high prevalence period, positive sera against the H3N2 strain were found throughout the prefecture, but high incidences of Hsw1N1 virus were found only in limited areas to the north-east of Sendai City. Four strains of influenza A virus were isolated from bronchial swabs collected from hogs in April, 1978. These strains were identified as Hsw1N1 viruses and were closely related to the A/New Jersey/8/76 strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Isolation and characterization of influenza A viruses from wild ducks in northern Japan: appearance of HSW1 antigens in the Japanese duck population.

Twenty-six influenza A viruses were isolated from cloacal and tracheal samples of 235 resident and 396 migratory ducks in Miyagi prefecture, Japan, in 1977--78. Of these, twelve were antigenically related to the avian-origin HSW1 virus, A/duck/Alberta/35/76 (HSW1N1), but their neuraminidase antigens were characterized as Nav2-3, Nav4 or N2. These antigenic configuration have not previously been reported. In addition, one strain in which the neuraminidase antigen was identified as Nav4, was demonstrated to be a mixture of two haemagglutinins, HSW1 and Hav7. Two distinct strains were separated from the mixture and characterized as HSW1Nav4 and Hav7Nav4. The antigenic identification of an additional 13 influenza A viruses revealed the presence of six haemagglutinin subtypes (Hav1, Hav3, Hav4, Hav6, Hav7, and Hav8) and five neuaraminidase subtypes (Nav1, Nav2-3, Nav4, Neq2, and N2) in various combinations. The results suggest that the avian influenza A viruses among feral ducks may be isolated in various combinations of haemagglutinins and neuraminidase subtypes in Japan, and that feral ducks may be the site of genetic recombination occurring as a result of dual infection with different subtypes of influenza A virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serological evidence of H1 influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs.

Classical H1 influenza firus infection among Japanese hogs was confirmed in 1978 by serological examination. Of 820 swine sera collected from July 1977 to February 1979 in Miyagi Prefecture, northern Japan, six sera were found to contain haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to the A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) strain. Of the six sera, one showed a significant high HI antibody titre, which was classified as IgM, to the FM1 strain, but not the other H1N1 variants. These results strongly suggest that hogs may carry an old type of H1 influenza virus. The possible role of pigs as a reservoir of human pandemic influenza strains is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Distribution of antibodies against swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among pigs in 1977.

The distribution of antibodies against swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among hogs in Miyagi Prefecture was examined. Of 456 serum specimens collected since July 1977, 12 were found to be positive against swine influenza virus and 6 against Hong Kong influenza virus. Such serological results reveal that swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses coexist in Japanese hogs and suggest that swine influenza virus reappeared in mid-1977.

Animals↗