A total of 57 strains of ampicillin-resistant and -susceptible enterococci representing 10 species and 23 strains of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria (Leuconostoc and Pediococcus) were tested to determine their susceptibility to 43 antimicrobial agents by the reference broth microdilution method. The drug MICs for the ampicillin-resistant enterococci were generally similar to those of ampicillin-susceptible strains, that is, highly resistant to cephalosporins, moderately susceptible or resistant to quinolones, and susceptible to "glycopeptides." Some investigational quinolones (PD127391, sparfloxacin, WIN57273), minocycline, and rifampin were highly active. Vancomycin-resistant strains were usually resistant to other "glycopeptides," for which correlation coefficients of MICs ranged from 0.881 to 0.978, except ramoplanin (MICs, 0.008-0.5 micrograms/ml). Most isolates resistant to vancomycin were susceptible to the newer quinolones, penicillins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and erythromycin, but highly resistant to cephalosporins. Discrepancies between the MICs and MBCs for glycopeptides were noted (greater than or equal to 8-fold, MBC50/MIC50), but not for ramoplanin. The vancomycin disk test was in 96.1% absolute agreement by identifying resistant strains without contributing false-susceptible, very major error.

4-Quinolones↗

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Correlative interpretation of staphylococcal resistance to penicillinase-resistant penicillins by ceftizoxime disk susceptibility test using Showa disks.

The Showa disk susceptibility test (Showa Yakuhin Kako Company, Japan) was evaluated to discriminate between the strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRPs) and those susceptible. When we tested 129 PRP-resistant and 112 susceptible strains, many PRP-resistant strains were interpreted to be false susceptible to methicillin and oxacillin, especially when incubated at 37 degrees C. Growth at 30 degrees C and when NaCl was added to the medium improved the test reliability for detection of PRP resistance. Ceftizoxime disk (30 micrograms) susceptibility test results highly correlated with reference PRP resistance when incubated at 35 degrees C. All the PRP-resistant strains produced no zone of inhibition, whereas all of the PRP-susceptible strains were categorized as susceptible to ceftizoxime (greater than or equal to 22 mm, less than or equal to 3.13 micrograms/ml), for example, 100% correlation. It was concluded that the Showa ceftizoxime disk, in replacement of PRPs, will provide a reliable, alternative method to predict PRP resistance in S. aureus pending reevaluation of the Show PRP disk tests.

Ceftizoxime↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro activity of three carbapenem antibiotics. Comparative studies with biapenem (L-627), imipenem, and meropenem against aerobic pathogens isolated worldwide.

The in vitro activity of biapenem (formerly L-627 or LJC10, 627), a new carbapenem, was compared with that of imipenem and meropenem against > 6000 clinically significant pathogens isolated in six countries worldwide. Biapenem was active against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae with a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) ranging from < or = 0.06 to 2 micrograms/ml. Only Serratia spp. and Providencia spp. were less susceptible (MIC90, 8 micrograms/ml). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas maltophilia displayed an MIC90 of > or = 8 micrograms/ml biapenem/ml whereas Acinetobacter spp. were susceptible at < or = 1 micrograms/ml. Oxacillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant to biapenem at > 8 micrograms/ml whereas oxacillin-sensitive staphylococci were susceptible at < or = 1 micrograms/ml. Biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem displayed poor activity against Ent. faecium (MIC90, > or = 8 micrograms/ml), and only imipenem displayed slightly better activity against Ent. faecalis (MIC90, 4 micrograms/ml). The rank order of activity against groups of isolates was Enterobacteriaceae (meropenem > biapenem > or = imipenem), Ps. aeruginosa (biapenem = meropenem = imipenem), oxacillin-sensitive staphylococci (imipenem > or = biapenem = meropenem), oxacillin-resistant staphylococci (biapenem = meropenem = imipenem), and Enterococcus spp. (biapenem = meropenem = imipenem). These in vitro suggest that further developmental work on biapenem is warranted.

Enterobacteriaceae↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of orthomyxoviruses from migrating and domestic ducks in northern Japan in 1976--1977.

Ortho- and parmyxoviruses were isolated at high frequencies from cloacal and tracheal samples of 334 domestic and 161 migrating ducks in Miyagi and Akita Prefectures, Japan, in the winter of 1976--77. Forty-four hemagglutinating agents were isolated from these ducks. The frequency of virus isolation was much higher from the cloacal samples (6.3%) than the tracheal samples (2.6%). However, no significant difference was found in the isolation ratio between the domestic (7.8%) and migrating (6.8%) ducks. Nine strains of the hemagglutinating agents were identified as influenza A viruses and confirmed to be in pure form by complement-fixation (CF) tests and from their polypeptide profiles. The antigenic characterization of the influenza A viruses revealed the presence of several subtypes; Hav5Nav-2-3, Hav6Neq2, Hav6N2, Hav7Neq2 and Hav7N2.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of three different influenza A viruses from an individual after probable double infection with H3N2 and H1N1 viruses.

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

p53 as an indicator of lymph node metastases in invasive early colorectal cancer.

We examined whether overexpression of p53 can be used as a new genetic marker to predict the presence of lymph node metastases of early invasive colorectal cancer. Forty-nine patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinomas invading to the submucosa (sm-CRC) were analyzed and 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastases. Immunostaining was used to detect the p53 overexpression; 43% of sm-CRC stained positive for p53 and all the cancer cells metastasized to lymph nodes were p53 positive. Both lymph node involvement and tumor budding were significantly more frequent in p53 positive than p53 negative tumors (p < 0.05, respectively), and multivariate analysis showed that p53 overexpression constituted a higher relative lisk for lymph node metastases of sm-CRC than either histologic type, level of sm invasion, macroscopic type, tumor budding or vascular invasion, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.086). We concluded that p53 overexpression is a useful biological marker of lymph node metastases of sm-CRC, and that p53 negative status may be an indicator for limited surgery, such as local excision of sm-CRC.

Adenocarcinoma↗