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Biomedical subjects

N Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to N Ohashi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Computerised tomography as an indication of long-term outcome after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

21 patients with acute carbon-monoxide poisoning had repeated brain scans by computerised tomography (CT) between May, 1977 and June, 1979. On the basis of the initial CT findings, the 21 patients could be divided into two distinct groups. In 11, areas of low density were seen bilaterally in the globus pallidus. These areas were still present 3 months after initial CT. In all but one of these patients the outcome was poor. The remaining 10 had no abnormal findings on their initial brain CT scans; outcome was good in this group.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Designed and real working situations in machine systems operation.

New work situations designed at the stage when new machine systems are introduced are realized on the assumption that the new systems can maintain their designed functions consistently, generally eliminating previous work habits and without sufficient knowledge about real working processes and skills. This may produce differences between designed and real working situations. Some examples are presented from observations on influence of modern design of cargo ships on their crews. It was difficult for crews to maintain stable working conditions, especially when machine systems deviated from their designed functions. Often the crew had to work in off-duty hours giving up private freetime activities. Among various factors contributing to the discrepancies between designed and real work, lack of availability of the new systems is the most important factor. Also important is lack of back-up systems which would function either when the machine systems are out of order or when previous working skills and habits must be applied. A need for developing methods of evaluation of these two factors from ergonomic points of view is pointed out.

Ergonomics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advantages of oxygen inhalation therapy for postoperative pulmonary hypertension.

Total correction was performed in a case of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD). Although severe pulmonary hypertension remained after surgery, oxygenation was continued for 15 months, which included a shift to at-home oxygen inhalation therapy (HOT). Cardiac catheterization 15 months after surgery demonstrated that pulmonary hypertension was greatly improved. For patients in whom the palliative Mustard operation is considered due to severe PVOD on the basis of lung biopsy diagnosis, total correction of TGA is possible by employing HOT after surgery.

Fibrosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Secretion of GIP in responders to acarbose in obese Type 2(NIDDM) patients.

Acarbose has been shown to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and to improve lipid parameters in diabetics via its inhibitory effects on intestinal alpha-glucosidases. Response to acarbose may therefore be dependent upon gastric or pancreatic hormone function. To test this hypothesis, we treated 27 mild type 2 (NIDDM) Japanese diabetics who were mildly obese with low-dose acarbose (150 mg/day) for 3 months. We then performed a responder analysis to determine specific hormonal responses that may be associated with a good response to acarbose. At the end of the treatment period, a total of 15 evaluable patients was grouped as responders (n=6) and nonresponders (n=9) based on an effective decrease in postprandial glucose levels (>30 mg/day) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (>0.5%). There were no differences between the two groups in demographic variables or mean postprandial glucose levels at baseline. There was a small but significant increase in postprandial cholecystokinin (CCK) in responders, and fasting gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) levels were significantly increased in responders and all patients after treatment. Serum leptin levels were reduced by treatment in our mildly obese responders and this was associated with a significant decrease in body weight. These results suggest that treatment with low-dose acarbose may reduce hyperglycemia in mild type 2 Japanese patients and may improve metabolic control by regulating hormones involved in glycemic control and digestive absorption. Acarbose may provide a safe adjunct to help treat insulin resistance in type 2 patients.

Acarbose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pregraduate training in emergency medicine.

A panel session on undergraduate education in Emergency Medicine from a worldwide perspective was conducted at the Seventh World Congress of Emergency and Disaster Medicine in Montreal, in May, 1991. Desmond Colohan MD, of the University of Toronto (Canada) was the panel moderator. Panel speakers were: Louis Binder MD, Texas Tech University Health Services Center (USA); Wolfgang Dick MD, University of Mainz (Germany); Bernard Nemitz MD, Faculty de Medicine d'Ameins (France); Yoel Donchin MD, Hadassa Medical Organization (Israel); and Noriyoshi Ohashi MD, Tsukuba Medical Center (Japan).

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical study of the role of melanocytes in the inner ear of patients with Harada's disease.

Harada's disease is an autoimmune disorder involving melanocytes. Twenty patients with Harada's disease underwent otoneurological examination to investigate the inner ear involvement in Harada's disease and the function of the melanocytes in the inner ear. All 20 exhibited clinical and/or laboratory abnormal inner ear findings. The incidence of inner ear involvement in Harada's disease is very high. The melanocytes in the inner ear play important roles in both auditory and equilibrium function.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative comparison between saccadic and ataxic pursuits.

Smooth pursuit has been determined by the examiners' visualization as 'smooth pursuit', 'saccadic pursuit', or 'ataxic pursuit' according to the shapes of the eye movements on the ENG (electronystagmography) recording paper. Even since the introduction of computers for the measurement of smooth pursuit, however, no trial to compare quantitatively between smooth pursuit, saccadic pursuit and ataxic pursuit had been made up to the present. In the present work we analysed 10 smooth (normal) pursuits, 23 saccadic pursuits and 7 ataxic pursuits quantitatively with a microcomputer and found that the phase relationship between target movements and eye movements was the most prominent factor for distinguishing smooth pursuit pattern differences.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prediction in smooth pursuit.

A quantitative analysis of prediction in smooth pursuit was made in 23 normal subjects. The target wave (random sinusoidal wave), which contains a predictive portion and a nonpredictive portion, was developed by the authors, using a microcomputer. Five parameters were established quantitatively after microcomputer A/D conversion of the eye movements every 10 ms. There was no significant difference in amplitude gain, retinal error velocity, velocity gain or acceleration gain between the predictive and the non-predictive portions. However, a significant difference between the predictive portion and the nonpredictive portion was found in phase lag. We therefore concluded that the predictive function in smooth pursuit, in normal subjects, is the most important factor in the phase relationship between target wave and eye movements.

Eye Movements↗