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Biomedical subjects

N Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to N Ohashi.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Quantitative measurement of smooth pursuit using a continuously changing sinusoidal wave in normal subjects.

In order to examine the frequency of a target wave and induced eye movements we designed and developed a new target wave (continuously changing sinusoidal wave). This target wave consisted of 20 sinusoidal waves from 0.1 to 2.0 Hz with 10 degrees amplitude (peak-to-peak amplitude is 20 degrees). Several parameters were calculated quantitatively with a microcomputer in normal subjects, and the following conclusions were obtained: The amplitude gain (peak-to-peak amplitude of eye movements/peak-to-peak amplitude of the target wave) and the retinal error velocity were appropriate parameters for representing the input and output of smooth pursuit. The limit of smooth pursuit was 1.2 Hz.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative measurement of smooth pursuit using the continuously changing sinusoidal wave in neurological patients.

In a previous paper [Ohashi, Watanabe, Kobayashi, Mizukoshi: ORL 47: 49-56] we developed a new sinusoidal wave with 20 continuously changing sinusoidal waves from 0.1 to 2.0 Hz and reported that in normal subjects the limit of smooth pursuit was 1.2 Hz, retinal error velocity (REV) was the most reliable parameter as input of smooth pursuit and amplitude gain was the most reliable parameter as output. In the present paper, we analyzed smooth pursuit system by the same method and discussed the relation between input and output of smooth pursuit in patients with neurological disorders. Our results indicated that the relationship between input and output of the smooth pursuit was particularly abnormal in patients with cerebellar disorders.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on tissue gas tensions and oxygen transport.

To determine whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) impairs peripheral tissue oxygenation, hemodynamic variables including blood and subcutaneous tissue gas tensions were measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm H2O of PEEP, in 9 patients who were being mechanically ventilated for acute pulmonary failure. Increasing the level of PEEP produced parallel decreases in cardiac output and oxygen delivery (DO2 = cardiac output X arterial oxygen content); however, there were no significant changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), oxygen consumption (VO2), mixed-venous oxygen tension (PvO2), pH, or base excess. Subcutaneous tissue oxygen (PtO2) and carbon dioxide (PtCO2) tensions, which were directly measured in the femoral region by a mass spectrometer, also remained at their baseline levels (zero end-expiratory pressure). We concluded that peripheral tissue oxygenation is not impaired up to the level of 20 cm H2O of PEEP, even though DO2 significantly decreases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative analysis of the visual vestibulo-ocular reflex using sinusoidal rotation in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders.

In order to investigate interaction of the vestibular and optokinetic systems in patients with peripheral vestibular disorders, the visual vestibulo-ocular reflex (V-VOR) gain in 49 patients with peripheral vestibular disorders was quantitatively measured by using pendular harmonic sinusoidal rotation with optokinetic stationary stimuli. The patients were rotated sinusoidally both with eyes closed and open at an amplitude of 240 degrees and at a frequency of 0.1 Hz (peak velocity 75.4%s). Comparing the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and V-VOR gains in the patients with definite Meniere's disease (23 cases), benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV, 13 cases) and sudden deafness with vertigo or dizziness (13 cases), the VOR-DP and normal V-VOR gain were more frequently observed in patients with Meniere's disease (13 cases) and sudden deafness (7 cases) than in those with the BPPV (3 cases). In the four patients with bilateral Meniere's disease and sudden deafness, abnormally decreased VOR-gain (under 0.55) in the bilateral directions with slightly decreased V-VOR gain was measured when tested independently. However, abnormal V-VOR gain was observed in only one case of sudden deafness due to retrocochlear lesions. From our VOR and V-VOR gain observations comparing the caloric responses, we have concluded that the comparison of VOR with V-VOR gains provides additional information for evaluation of peripheral vestibular disorders as well as central nervous system disorders.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

Hemodynamic and diuretic effects of GIK (glucose-insulin-potassium) treatment on extensive burn patients.

The effect of GIK (glucose-insulin-potassium) therapy, as an adjunctive treatment, on cardiac function and urine excretion in the early phase of extensive burn injury was investigated. In early postburn patients, within 48 hours after injury, the GIK therapy resulted in a prominent and continued elevation of cardiac index (CI) (p less than 0.05) due to elevated stroke volume index (SVI) (p less than 0.05) and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) (p less than 0.05), and decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) (p less than 0.05), whereas it produced only a transient increase of CI in the control patients and no noticeable changes in the septic patients. A comparative analysis of these parameters and blood volume in GIK-administered patients and 50% glucose-infused patients revealed the elevated left ventricular performance to be due to enhanced contractility of the heart. The GIK therapy also produced a remarkable and continued increase of urine volume (p less than 0.01), at least in part attributable to the elevated CI, whereas in the control and septic patients it produced only a transient increase of urine volume, merely reflecting the hyperosmolar property of the GIK solution.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative analysis of the human visual vestibulo-ocular reflex in sinusoidal rotation.

In order to investigate interaction of the vestibular and optokinetic system, a visual vestibulo-ocular reflex (V-VOR) gain in forty-five normal subjects was measured by manual and computer analysis. The test subjects sat in a newly devised, pendular rotating chair in an optokinetic drum. With this device pendular harmonic sinusoidal rotation and optokinetic stimuli could be given simultaneously. The test subjects were rotated sinusoidally at amplitudes of 120 degrees and 240 degrees and at frequencies of 0.05 Hz and 0.1 Hz (maximum velocities 18.8 degrees/s, 37.7 degrees/s, 75.4 degrees/s), and with eyes closed and open. Within these pendular stimuli, there was no response decline phenomenon nor influence of amplitude on frequency. The pure VOR gain measured in dark room with eyes open was about 0.6 and did not vary with the eyes closed as long as mental alertness was maintained. The V-VOR gain in a stationary optokinetic drum with eyes open was about 1.1. From our observations, the 0.1 Hz sinusoidal rotation with an amplitude of 240 degrees (maximum velocity, 75.4 degrees/s) is an appropriate stimulation for the V-VOR and VOR test battery in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Prophylactic and chemotherapeutic efficacy of pivmecillinam (PMPC) against infections after TUR-P and prostatectomy].

The prophylactic and chemotherapeutic efficacy of PMPC against infections after TUR-P has been investigated. Bacteriological evaluation: PMPC , 200-300 mg/day for 2-12 weeks, was administered to 49 patients, who had over 10(3)CFU/ml of microorganisms after CET or CEC treatment for 3-7 days. The eradication rate of microorganisms was 40.8% after 2 weeks, 52.2% after 4 weeks, 64.1% after 6 weeks, 65.0% after 8 weeks and 70.6% after 12 weeks. Effectiveness on pyuria : The improvement rate of pyuria against 59 patients who had over 10(5)/hpf of pyuria , was 15.3% after 2 weeks, 16.4% after 4 weeks, 25.4% after 6 weeks, 58.5% after 8 weeks, 72.7% after 10 weeks and 75.0% after 12 weeks. Overall clinical efficacy on PMPC was examined in 26 patients. The results of efficacy were 27.3% after 2 weeks, 48.0% after 4 weeks, 50.0% after 6 weeks, 69.2% after 8 weeks, 75.0% after 10 weeks and 77.0% after 12 weeks. The clinical response was evaluated according to a criterion for clinical evaluation of antimicrobial agent on chronic complicated UTI proposed by UTI committee in Japan. No severe adverse effect including allergic reaction was found. Following administration of PMPC , three patients experienced adverse gastric reactions, and drug administration was discontinued at week 6 or 8. PMPC was effective as a prophylactic chemotherapeutic drug against infections after TUR-P and prostatectomy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[The causes of abnormal coagulation system in the early phase of burns].

The relationship between abnormality in blood coagulation and Burn Index (B.I.) were examined in 174 patients treated in our department for trauma during past 7 years. Platelet counts decreased rapidly and became minimal at 3rd or 4th hospital day, but PT, APTT, fibrinogen and FDP were abnormal in many cases over 30% BSA only within 24 hours after thermal injury. The platelet counts at 3rd hospital day and PT within 24 hours were well correlated with Burn Index (platelet vs. B.I. r = 0.665, p less than 0.01; PT vs. B.I., r = 0.587, p less than 0.01). And PT was also well correlated with plasma total protein (r = 0.686, p less than 0.01). AT-III, plasminogen and alpha 2 PI had also a tendency of interrelation to plasma protein level. These data suggest that systemic intravascular coagulation does not commonly complicate immediately after thermal injury, although consumption of coagulation factors are mainly occurred at the site of burn and correlated with the loss of plasma protein.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1982

Hyperamylasemia in acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Of patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning admitted to the Trauma Intensive Care Unit of the Osaka University Hospital 39.5% (17/43) manifested hyperamylasemia. Iszyme studies in 16 such patients revealed 87.5% to be of the salivary type. Two patients presented with hyperamylasemia of the pancreatic-salivary type. There was no pancreatic type hyperamylasemia among these patients, negating the possible involvement of the pancreas in hyperamylasemia from carbon monoxide poisoning. There was a statistically significant difference in amylase levels between the arterial and the external jugular venous blood, indicating the salivary gland as the organ mainly responsible for hyperamylasemia in carbon monoxide poisoning. Amylase levels coincided well with the level of consciousness and the base excess. The amylase levels correlated significantly with beta-glucuronidase levels, suggesting the hyperpermeability of cell membranes of the salivary gland as the chief factor in hyperamylasemia secondary to acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[A new indicator to determine the optimal PEEP (author's transl)].

To elucidate the optimal PEEP for respiratory treatment, respiratory and haemodynamic studies were performed on 12 normovolemic patients with ARDS for various levels of PEEP (PEEP = 0, 5, 10, 20 cm H2O). In this study, it became clear, that Suter's best PEEP (maximal O2 transport should be taken as a reference for optimal PEEP) cannot be used in practice because O2 transport is usually maximal in ZEEP (PEEP=0) and changes with the alteration of FIO2. We propose "intrapulmonary nonshunt flow ((Qt-Qs)" as a new indicator to determine the optimal PEEP. The level of PEEP to achieve the maximal intrapulmonary non-shunt flow must be such that the decrease in intrapulmonary shunt flow is attained with minimal decrease of cardiac output.

Adult↗