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Biomedical subjects

N Milman

Publications and source records attributed to N Milman.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serum ferritin in non-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure: relation to bone marrow iron stores.

Serum ferritin and bone marrow haemosiderin iron was studied in 50 non-dialysis patients with chronic renal failure, and in 53 healthy subjects. S-ferritin was correlated to marrow iron both in patients with renal failure and in healthy subjects (P less than 0.001). Geometric-mean S-ferritin in patients with 0- (1+) marrow iron was 33 micrograms/l, 1+ marrow iron 166 micrograms/l, and 2+ marrow iron 519 micrograms/l. Healthy subjects with 0- (1+) marrow iron had a mean S-ferritin of 16 micrograms/l and those with 1+ marrow iron a value of 65 micrograms/l. S-ferritin levels were higher in patients than in healthy subjects at all marrow iron grades (P less than 0.001). Healthy subjects with S-ferritin less than 15 micrograms/l had absent or reduced marrow iron, while those with S-ferritin greater than 30 micrograms/l had normal marrow iron. Using a critical S-ferritin value of less than or equal to 20 micrograms/l, the diagnostic efficiency in terms of diagnosing absent or reduced marrow iron was 0.90 (PV pos = 0.85, Pv neg = 0.91). In patients with renal failure S-ferritin less than 60 micrograms/l indicated absent or reduced marrow iron, while values greater than 80 micrograms/l were associated with normal marrow iron. The diagnostic efficiency of S-ferritin using a critical value of less than or equal to 60 micrograms/l was 0.94 (PV pos = 0.93, PV neg = 0.97). S-ferritin is a useful indicator of marrow iron stores in patients with chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Zinc absorption in patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis.

Zinc absorption was measured by whole-body counting in 10 patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis without steatorrhoea and in 8 healthy subjects. After oral administration of 65Zn the absorption was measured at regular intervals until a straight time/activity retention curve was obtained in a semilogarithmic system, whereafter it was calculated by extrapolation to time zero. Cirrhotic patients had a median absorption of 69% (27-90%), compared with 42% (25-67%) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.01). Median T1/2 of 65Zn as calculated from the retention curve was 156 days (83-280 days) in cirrhotic patients and 103 days (72-132 days) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.05). Median serum zinc value was 11 mumol/l (9-17 mumol/l) in cirrhotic patients and 16 mumol/l (12-17 mumol/l) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.01). Median erythrocyte zinc value was 224 mumol/l (205-281 mumol/l) in cirrhotics and 223 mumol/l (188-275 mumol/l) in healthy subjects (P less than 0.1). Six cirrhotic patients, of whom four took diuretics, had increased urinary zinc excretion (greater than 15 mumol/24 h). Zinc absorption seems intact in compensated alcoholic cirrhosis. The increased absorption and prolonged T1/2 of 65Zn might be compensatory to a moderate zinc depletion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Iron, copper, zinc and selenium in human liver tissue measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

The content of iron, copper, zinc and selenium was measured by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry in normal liver tissue obtained at autopsy from 16 females and 12 males 46-87 years old. The precision of the XRF analysis, expressed by the coefficient of variation was: iron, 1.8%; copper, 3.2%; zinc, 1.0%; and selenium, 26.7%. In large liver samples, mean amount-of-substance contents of elements in dry liver tissue were: iron, 16.95 mmol/kg (range 7.90-27.31 mmol/kg); copper, 0.33 mmol/kg (0.08-0.76 mmol/kg); zinc, 5.12 mmol/kg (2.92-9.47 mmol/kg); selenium 0.02 mmol/kg (less than 0.004-0.04 mmol/kg). Furthermore the amounts of iron, copper and zinc were measured in wet-ashed Menghini needle biopsy specimens taken from the centre of 20 large liver samples. There was good agreement between results obtained in biopsy specimens and large samples concerning iron (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001) and zinc (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001), but not concerning copper (r = 0.66, P less than 0.01). XRF analysis appears to be a convenient method for element analysis in liver tissue and for measurement of iron and zinc in needle biopsy specimens.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Iron absorption measured by whole body counting and the relation to marrow iron stores in chronic uremia.

Iron absorption was measured by whole body counting, using 10 microCI 59Fe3+ and 10 mg Fe2+ as carrier, in 53 patients with chronic uremia (16 non-dialyzed, 18 peritoneal dialyzed, 19 hemodialyzed) and in 14 renal transplanted patients having normal kidney function. Bone marrow hemosiderin iron was assessed semiquantitatively after staining with Prussian blue, Iron absorption was clearly dependent on iron stores, being higher in patients with reduced marrow iron than in patients with adequate marrow iron stores (P less than 0.01) Hemodialysis patients had greater blood losses and significantly higher absorption than both non-dialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. There were significant correlation between iron absorption and plasma transferrin (r = 0.56, P less then 0.001); and between log iron absorption and log serum ferritin (r = 0.80, P less than 0.01) in peritoneal dialysis patients. The results indicate that the regulatory mechanism which relates iron absorption to body iron stores is intact in patients with chronic uremia.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1982

Iron absorption in patients with chronic uraemia. A comparative study using whole body counting and red cell incorporation of radioiron.

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of iron absorption calculated from the incorporation of radioiron into red cells (RCI), compared to measurement by the whole body counting technique (WBR). RCI of orally administered 59Fe, and absorption of 59Fe assessed by WBR were measured simultaneously in 53 chronic uraemic patients (16 nondialysed, 18 peritoneal dialysed, 19 haemodialysed), 14 renal transplanted patients with normal renal function, and 27 healthy subjects. In the majority of subjects RCI values were lower than corresponding WBR values, with mean red cell 59Fe utilization values (RCI/WBR ratio X 100) in the various groups from 78% to 93%. All groups demonstrated significant correlations between RCI and WBR with r values from 0.963 to 0.996 (P less than 0.001). RCI was higher in patients with reduced marrow iron stores than in patients with adequate iron stores (P less than 0.001), and was correlated both to plasma transferrin (r = 0.59, P less than 0.001) and serum ferritin (r = -0.88, P less than 0.001). In all groups there was good accuracy of calculated iron absorption (from RCI) compared to 'true' iron absorption (by WBR) with r values from 0.963 to 0.995 (P less than 0.001). Iron absorption measurement based on red cell incorporation appears to be a practical and accurate alternative to whole body counting, both in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic uraemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Diagnostic efficiency of various laboratory tests in the assessment of bone marrow iron stores in patients with chronic uraemia.

Bone marrow haemosiderin iron was correlated with various laboratory parameters of iron status in order to define a reliable laboratory index of marrow iron stores. Marrow iron, serum iron, plasma transferrin, transferrin saturation, iron absorption, red cell iron incorporation and serum ferritin were measured in 21 non-dialysed, 20 peritoneal dialysed and 34 haemodialysed patients with chronic uraemia. Diagnostic accuracy of the laboratory tests in terms of diagnosing reduced marrow iron stores was expressed as the predictive value of a positive test and a negative test, and efficiency. Diagnostic efficiency of serum iron, plasma transferrin and transferrin saturation was too low to be of value in the individual patient. Iron absorption and red cell incorporation had a higher diagnostic efficiency, but are unpractical for routine use. Serum ferritin displayed a high diagnostic efficiency and appears to be a reliable index of marrow iron stores, suitable for sequential monitoring of iron status in uraemic subjects.

Absorption↗
PubMed1981

Plasma transferrin and the relation to iron status in patients with chronic uremia.

The relations between plasma transferrin, iron status and plasma albumin were studied in 76 patients with chronic uremia (23 non-dialyzed, 18 peritoneal dialyzed and 35 hemodialyzed). Patients with reduced (grade O) hemosiderin marrow iron had higher plasma transferrin (P less than 0.001), lower serum iron (P less than 0.01), transferrin saturation (P less tha 0.001) and serum ferritin (P less than 0.001), and higher iron absorption (P less than 0.001) than patients with "normal" (grade 1+) marrow iron. There were no significant differences between transferrin levels in the three groups of uremic subjects, when patients with identical marrow iron grade were compared. Plasma transferrin was correlated both to serum ferritin (r = -0.59, P less than 0.001) and iron absorption (r = 0.56, P less than 0.001). Patients with grade O marrow iron had normal transferrin levels compared with a healthy control group of 75 subjects, while levels in patients with grade 1+ marrow iron were lower than in controls (P less than 0.001). Plasma albumin displayed significant variations between the groups, being almost normal in non-dialyzed, slightly lower in hemodialyzed and lowest in peritoneal dialyzed patients. There was no correlation between plasma transferrin and plasma albumin. Due to its close association with iron metabolism, plasma transferrin is unsuitable as a marker of protein depletion, whereas plasma albumin seems to be a better indicator of protein status in uremic subjects.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in chronic renal failure and after renal transplantation.

Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity was measured in 16 non-dialysed patients with chronic uraemia, 17 patients on regular peritoneal dialysis, 18 patients on regular haemodialysis, 10 renal transplanted patients with normal renal function, and in 41 healthy control subjects. In non-dialysed uraemic patients G-6-PD values were not significantly different from those in the control group. Peritoneal dialysed patients had slightly, but significantly higher G-6-PD values than controls (P < 0.01). Haemodialysed patients demonstrated the highest G-6-PD values of all groups, being significantly higher than in both controls (P < 0.001), non-dialysed (P < 0.01), peritoneal dialysed (P < 0.01), and renal transplanted patients (P < 0.01). Renal transplanted patients had G-6-PD values which not differed significantly from controls. In all uraemic patients G-6-PD activity was positively correlated to serum creatinine (rs = 0.64, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated to haemoglobin (rs = -0.61, P < 0.001. In the peritoneal and haemodialysed groups G-6-PD activity was correlated to the reticulocyte counts (rs = 0.54, P < 0.001). The results indicate that a younger mean red cell age is responsible for the increased G-6-PD activity in peritoneal dialysed and haemodialysed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Serum vitamin B12 and erythrocyte folate in chronic uraemia and after renal transplantation.

Serum B12 and erythrocyte folate were measured in 16 non-dialysed uraemic patients, 28 peritoneal dialysed patients, 28 haemodialysed patients, 14 renal transplanted patients with normal renal function and 49 healthy control subjects. Serum B12 values in non-dialysed uraemic patients were higher than in control subjects (P less than 0.01). Serum B12 values in peritoneal dialysed, haemodialysed and transplanted patients were not significantly different from the control group. Erythrocyte folate values in non-dialysed uraemic patients were lower than in controls (P less than 0.03), but all subjects had values within the normal range. Erythrocyte folate values in peritoneal dialysed, haemodialysed and renal transplanted patients were not significantly different from the control group, although 2 peritoneal and 6 haemodialysed patients had subnormal values. Blood and bone marrow examination, performed in 64 patients, demonstrated no megaloblastic changes.

Adolescent↗