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Biomedical subjects

N Milman

Publications and source records attributed to N Milman.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Serum beta-2-microglobulin in healthy children.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an increasing problem in the pediatric population. Beta-2-microglobulin is part of the HLA structure, being especially abundant in the lymphoid cells and the most useful nonspecific indicium of AIDS. Serum beta-2-microglobulin assayed in 271 healthy children had a geometric mean of 1.398 mg/L and a 5-95 percentile interval of 0.925-2.202 mg/L; thus, values above 2.202 mg/L may be indicative of active disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Coexistent pseudohypoparathyroidism and D brachydactyly in a family.

The occurrence of pseudohypoparathyroidism/pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PH/PPH) and D brachydactyly (DB) in different persons in the same family is described for the first time. The theory that PH/PPH, E brachydactyly (EB), acrodysostosis (AD) and DB are variable expressions of the same trait or allelic traits is proposed. It is advised that newborn babies in such families are investigated carefully in order to exclude hypocalcemic PH. It is suggested that EB is subdivided into 4 groups (E1-E4) according to the degree of symptoms. The proband of this family was a unique case. In addition to normocalcemic PH she also suffered from hemochromatosis, another rare hereditary disease and she had an abnormal chromosome 20, not earlier described. Both findings were supposed to be coincidental.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Trace elements in normal and cirrhotic human liver tissue. I. Iron, copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, titanium and lead measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.

Trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn, Ti, Pb) were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry in normal liver tissue obtained at autopsy from 74 subjects (44 male, 30 female), median age 62 years (range 20-87), and in tissue from 27 cirrhotic livers (14 alcoholic, 13 non-alcoholic cirrhosis). The element content (median and 5-95 percentile interval) in normal livers in mmol/kg dry tissue was: Fe, 16.51 (7.82-39.03); Cu, 0.378 (0.189-0.629); Zn, 4.01 (2.59-9.33); Se, 0.018 (less than 0.004-0.035); Mn, less than 0.055 (less than 0.055-0.237); Ti, less than 0.146 (less than 0.146-0.919); Pb, less than 0.0005 (less than 0.0005-0.0154). Only copper content showed a sex difference, being higher in males than in females (P less than 0.04). In both groups of cirrhotic liver, Fe content was within normal, Cu content above normal (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.02), and Se content below normal (P less than 0.0001, P less than 0.04). Alcoholic cirrhotic livers had lower Zn levels (P less than 0.02), higher Mn levels (P less than 0.06), and higher Pb levels (P less than 0.03) than normal livers.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bacteremia in cirrhosis of the liver.

In a retrospective study the average yearly incidence of bacteremia in cirrhosis patients was found to be 4.5%. This is about 5-7 times higher than in two general materials of all bacteremic patients from the same hospital. There was no difference between the distribution of bacterial strains in the 43 bacteremic cirrhosis patients and the two general materials of all bacteremic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic value of ferritin analysis in pleural effusions.

Ferritin was analysed with an immunoradiometric assay using anti-spleen ferritin antibodies, in pleural effusions (Pl) from 28 patients with malignant effusions (18 carcinoma, 10 mesothelioma), 15 patients with non-malignant exudative effusions of unknown aetiology, and from 12 patients with transudative effusions due to congestive cardiac failure. Geometric mean Pl-ferritin was 617 micrograms/l in carcinoma, 1301 micrograms/l in mesothelioma (p less than 0.01 against carcinoma), 931 micrograms/l in non-malignant exudates, and 178 micrograms/l in transudates (p less than 0.0001 against malignant and non-malignant exudates). There was no correlation between Pl-ferritin and Pl-protein, Pl-albumin or Pl-cell count. P1-ferritin displayed a wide overlap between the various groups, and was of no value in the discrimination between malignant and non-malignant exudates. In the differentiation between exudates and transudates, the diagnostic accuracy of Pl-ferritin was only slightly lower compared to Pl-protein and Pl-albumin. With the present method, analysis of Pl-ferritin appears to be of limited value in the routine diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum ferritin and iron status in 'healthy' elderly individuals.

Iron status, including S-ferritin, S-iron, S-transferrin, transferrin saturation and haemoglobin, was assessed in 267 selected elderly subjects (128 male, 139 female) with a median age of 79 years (range 60-93 years) not suffering from diseases connected with inappropriately high S-ferritin. In both sexes, S-ferritin levels were practically constant over the examined age range. Males had a geometric mean ferritin of 75 micrograms/l and females a value of 60 micrograms/l (p less than 0.001). Levels of S-ferritin less than 15 micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores) were found in 7.8% of males and in 10.1% of females. An S-ferritin level less than 15 micrograms/l and transferrin saturation less than 15% (i.e. latent iron deficiency) was observed in 2.3% of males and in 2.2% of females. None had iron deficiency anaemia. In subjects (n = 232) without iron deficiency [i.e. S-ferritin greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/l, mean red cell volume greater than or equal to 79 fl and haemoglobin greater than or equal to 121 g/l (7.5 mmol/l)], the arithmetic mean of S-iron was 18 mumol/l. S-transferrin 28 mumol/l and transferrin saturation 33%. The levels of S-iron, S-transferrin and transferrin saturation were not significantly different in males and females.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Iron stores in female blood donors evaluated by serum ferritin.

Iron stores were evaluated by serum ferritin determinations in 948 menstruating and 141 non-menstruating female blood donors. Blood donation was associated with a decrease in ferritin. First-time donors (n = 163) had a geometric mean ferritin of 24 micrograms/l and multiple-time donors a value of 19 micrograms/l (p less than 0.01). In the donating population 31.5% had ferritin values less than 15 micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores). Menstruating donors had lower mean serum ferritin than non-menstruating donors (p less than 0.001), and a higher frequency of ferritin values less than 15 micrograms/l (p less than 0.05). There was no relationship between ferritin levels and the number of pregnancies. The frequency of donations was more predictive of ferritin levels than the number of donations. Mean ferritin displayed a moderate fall up to the 2nd donation, and was hereafter relatively constant, whereas an increase in donation frequency was accompanied by a significant decrease in ferritin. Female donors, especially when phlebotomised greater than or equal to 3 times per year, should have their iron status checked at appropriate intervals by measurement of serum ferritin and should be advised regular iron supplementation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in patients with leukaemia and malignant lymphoma.

To evaluate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ferritin could be of diagnostic value in haematological malignancies with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, the ferritin concentration was measured in 21 patients with acute leukaemia and lymphoma. Of the 17 patients without CNS involvement, 16 had CSF ferritin values in the normal range (2-7 micrograms/l); 1 patient had an elevated value, probably due to blood contamination in connection with a very high serum ferritin level. 4 patients had tumour invasion of the CNS indicated by the presence of blastic cells in the CSF; CSF ferritin levels in these patients were likewise in the normal range. There was no difference between CSF ferritin values in patients with and without CNS involvement. With the present assay, measurement of CSF ferritin appears to be irrelevant in the evaluation of CNS invasion in haematological malignancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Synovial fluid ferritin in rheumatic diseases.

The synovial fluid ferritin level in 49 patients (57 joints) with various rheumatic diseases was analysed. In rheumatoid arthritis (n = 22) the geometric mean ferritin level was 528 micrograms/l (range 56-3 100 micrograms/l), in other inflammatory arthritides (n = 12) 339 micrograms/l (105-2 835 micrograms/l) (p greater than 0.5), in calcium pyrophosphate arthropathy (n = 14) 507 micrograms/l (180-4 230 micrograms/l) (p greater than 0.5) and in non-inflammatory osteoarthritis (n = 9) 167 micrograms/l (14-725 micrograms/l) (p less than 0.05). Synovial fluid/serum ferritin ratios did not differ significantly in the four diagnostic groups; 4 patients had ratios less than 1.0. Synovial fluid ferritin was not correlated to total fluid cell count or differential cell count. Although ferritin content was significantly greater in inflammatory than in noninflammatory fluid (p less than 0.05), the wide scatter of the values and marked overlap between the different groups limit the value of measuring synovial fluid ferritin as a differential diagnostic test for rheumatic diseases.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

HLA determinants in idiopathic haemochromatosis.

HLA-antigens were determined in 21 unrelated patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis and in eight siblings and 13 children of the probands. The prevalences of HLA-A3, B7, and B14 in patients compared to 1967 healthy control subjects were: A3, 76.2% versus 26.9% (p less than 0.0001); B7, 57.1% versus 26.8 (p less than 0.001); B14, 9.5% versus 4.5% (n.s.); A3 and B7, 42.9% versus 12.2% (p less than 0.0001); A3 and B14, 9.5% versus 1.4% (p less than 0.001). Siblings (n = 3) that were HLA-identical with the proband were considered to be homozygotes for the haemochromatosis allele and presented with preclinical haemochromatosis. Siblings and children (n = 17) having only one HLA-haplotype in common with the proband were considered to be heterozygotes. Biochemical markers for haemochromatosis (transferrin saturation and serum ferritin) were higher in homozygous than in heterozygous subjects (p less than 0.0001). The results confirm the association between the HLA-A and B loci and the haemochromatosis gene. HLA-typing is a valuable tool in the identification of the haemochromatosis genotype in a family, and it is an adjunct to the biochemical screening procedure in relatives of patients with this iron overload disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Serum ferritin and iron status of children in the Faroe Islands.

Iron status was assessed by measurement of serum ferritin (S-ferritin), transferrin saturation and haemoglobin (Hb) in 270 healthy Faroese children (153 males, 117 females) 4, 8 and 13 years old. There were no significant differences between the three variables in boys and girls. Geometric mean S-ferritin increased from 16 micrograms/l in 4-year-old children to 21 micrograms/l in 8-year-old (P less than 0.01) and 25 micrograms/l in 13-year-old children (P less than 0.05). Likewise Hb displayed a gradual increase with age (P less than 0.001); the arithmetic mean Hb was 129 g/l in 4-year-old, 137 g/l in 8-year-old, and 143 g/l in 13-year-old children. Depleted iron stores (i.e. S-ferritin less than 12 micrograms/l) were present in 21.5% of 4-year-old, and in 12.7% of 8 and 13-year-old children. Latent iron deficiency (i.e. S-ferritin less than 10 micrograms/l and transferrin saturation less than 10%) was found in 3.1% of 4-year-old and in 0.5% of 8 to 13-year-old children. None of the children had iron deficiency anaemia. A high dietary intake of animal protein probably explains the low prevalence of iron deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation in healthy children without iron deficiency.

Serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation were studied in 253 healthy, non-anaemic children 4, 8 and 13 years old, and in 60 healthy, non-anaemic adults having serum ferritin values greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/l. One hundred and ninety-six children had serum ferritin values greater than or equal to 15 micrograms/l (i.e. replete iron stores), 35 had intermediate ferritin values from 10-14 micrograms/l and 22 had ferritin values less than 10 micrograms/l (i.e. depleted iron stores). Iron replete children showed a gradual rise in serum iron and transferrin saturation values with age. Serum iron and transferrin saturation values were lower (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.0001) and transferrin values higher (P less than 0.0001) in iron replete children compared to adults. Iron replete children had a 2.5 centile transferrin saturation value of 5%; 19.9% of these children had saturation values less than 15% and 8.2% had values less than 10%. In iron depleted children a transferrin saturation value less than 7% yielded the highest diagnostic efficiency as regards exhausted iron stores, although with a low predictive value of a positive test. The transferrin saturation is unsuitable as a single diagnostic criterion in the evaluation of iron deficiency in children and should always be combined with other indicators of iron status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Serum ferritin in Danish children and adolescents.

Serum ferritin concentrations were measured in 909 urban Danish schoolchildren (451 boys, 458 girls) 6 to 17 years old. The children had been randomly selected and served as an urban reference population. Geometric mean ferritin values were identical in boys and girls 6 to 15 years old, while 16- and 17-year-old boys had higher values than girls (P less than 0.01). There was a slight rise in mean ferritin values from 6 to 11 years, followed by a temporary fall during the subsequent adolescent growth period. Geometric mean ferritin values and significant differences were as follows: Children 6 to 11 years old (n = 335), 29 micrograms/l and adolescents 12 to 15 years old (n = 417), 26 micrograms (P less than 0.01): Adolescent boys 16 to 17 years old (n = 76), 32 micrograms/l and adolescent girls same age (n = 81), 24 micrograms/l (P less than 0.01). The frequencies of low ferritin values less than 10 micrograms/l (i.e. exhausted iron stores) were: Children 6 to 11 years old, 2.1%: Adolescents 12 to 15 years old, 5.0%: Adolescent boys 16 to 17 years old, 0.0%: Adolescent girls 16 to 17 years old, 11.1%. High ferritin values greater than 60 micrograms/l (i.e. large iron reserves) were observed in 6.2% of boys and 6.9% of girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Serum ferritin in acute viral hepatitis.

Serum ferritin and biochemical liver tests (serum bilirubin, serum aspartate transaminase, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and serum alkaline phosphatase) were recorded at regular intervals from admission to recovery in six patients with acute viral hepatitis. There was a proportional, significant decrease in ferritin bilirubin, and transaminase were reached simultaneously, whereas gamma-GT and alkaline phosphatase remained elevated for a slightly longer time. The correlations between corresponding measurements of ferritin and biochemical liver tests were as follows: ferritin and alkaline phosphatase, r = 0.72, P less than 0.001; ferritin and bilirubin, r = 0.68, P less than 0.001; ferritin and transaminase, r = 0.53, P less than 0.001; ferritin and gamma-GT. r = 0.50, P less than 0.001. In viral hepatitis serum ferritin offers no diagnostic advantage compared with already established tests for hepatocellular damage.

Acute Disease↗