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Biomedical subjects

N Milman

Publications and source records attributed to N Milman.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Lysine prophylaxis in recurrent herpes simplex labialis: a double-blind, controlled crossover study.

L-lysine has an inhibitory effect on the multiplication of herpes simplex virus in cell cultures. We have evaluated the prophylactic effect of L-lysine monohydrochloride 1000 mg daily on recurrent herpes simplex labialis in 65 patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. After 12 weeks of lysine treatment the patients shifted to placebo treatment for a similar period. On the whole, lysine prophylaxis had no effect on the recurrence rate of herpes simplex. However, significantly more patients were recurrence-free during lysine than during placebo treatment (p = 0.05), suggesting that certain patients may benefit from prophylactic lysine administration. In the herpes lesions described, lysine had no effect on the rate of healing or on the appearance of the lesions at their worst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Iron absorption and iron status in patients with chronic uremia on regular peritoneal dialysis.

Gastrointestinal iron absorption was measured by whole body counting in 18 patients on regular peritoneal dialysis. Ten patients received regular oral iron treatment prior to the study (iron treated group), 8 patients did not receive iron treatment (non-iron treated group). Whole body retention 14 days after oral administration of 10 microCi 59Fe together with a carrier dose of 10 mg Fe2+ was used as an estimate of absorption. The erythrocyte iron incorporation, i.e. the percentage of administered 59Fe incorporated into the total erythrocyte mass, was measured. Geometric mean iron absorption in the non-iron treated groups was 7.4+/-3.3 (S.D.) % and in the iron treated group 2.8+/-2.5% (p less than 0.01). Absorption in the non-iron treated group did not differ significantly from the value in a normal control group (p greater than 0.3). Absorption in the iron treated group was distinctly lower than in the controls (p less than 0.01), due to the high iron supplementation. Several patients in the non-iron treated group had latent or overt iron deficiency, while patients in the iron treated group had satisfactory iron status. The correlation between iron absorption and erythrocyte iron incorporation was highly significant (r=0.95, p less than 0.001). Peritoneal dialysis patients on the whole have a normally functioning iron absorption. However, due to increased iron losses and insufficient dietary iron intake, the maintenance of a satisfactory iron balance implies an adequate oral iron supplementation.

Absorption↗
PubMed1978

Acute interstitial nephritis during treatment with penicillin and cephalothin.

A case of non-oliguric acute interstitial nephritis during treatment with ampicillin, benzylpenicillin and cephalothin is reported. There were symptoms of drug hypersensitivity, including fever, exanthema, eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE. Renal biopsy showed marked interstitial edema and infiltration with numerous eosinophils, some mononuclear cells and giant cells, and scattered tubular damage, but normal glomeruli and vessels. There was no pathological deposition of immunoglobulins or complement in the renal tissue. Renal function recovered after withdrawal of antibiotics and treatment with steroids. The findings suggest a drug-induced, hypersensitivity-mediated pathogenesis of the renal lesions, with participation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunological reactions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The pH-dependent influence of aminoglycoside antibiotics on iodohippurate accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices.

The effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on 125I-hippurate (OIH) accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices were assessed in vitro using incubation media with pH-values ranging from 6.4 to 8.4 and containing streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin in concentrations ranging from 100 to 2,000 microgram base/ml. The aminoglycoside-induced inhibition of OIH accumulation was clearly pH-dependent and most pronounced at alkaline pH-values. At pH 6.4 and 7.4 the aminoglycosides had either no or only moderate effects on OIH accumulation, while all drugs produced a distinct depression in accumulation at pH 7.9 and 8.4. The microbiologically inert N-acetyl gentamicin had no influence on accumulation. The influence of aminoglycosides on OIH accumulation is probably related to the pKa-values of these drugs and implies the presence of free amino groups.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1978

Effects of polymyxin antibiotics on iodohippurate accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices.

The in vitro effects of polymyxin antibiotics on 0-125I-hippurate (OIH) accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices were studied using incubation media with pH ranging from 6.9 to 7.9 and containing polymyxin B sulfate, colistin sulfate, sodium colistimethate and antibacterially inactive N-succinyl colistin in concentrations ranging from 1 to 2,000 microgram base/ml. Polymyxin B, colistin and colistimethate depressed OIH accumulation significantly in concentrations greater than or equal to 300 microgram/ml. The effects on accumulation were clearly pH-dependent and most pronounced at alkaline pH. N-Succinyl colistin had only a marginal influence on accumulation, even in high concentrations. Colistimethate produced a significantly smaller decrease in accumulation at all pH values than both polymyxin B and colistin. The results suggest that the presence of free amino groups is necessary to obtain a decrease in accumulation and correlate with the known in vivo nephrotoxicity of these antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. I. Effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on iodohippurate accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices.

The effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on the accumulation of O-125I-hippurate (OIH) in rabbit renal cortical slices were assessed in an attempt to establish an in vitro model for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Accumulation of OIH was measured after incubation of cortex slices in media containing aminoglycosides in different concentrations. All aminoglycosides depressed OIH accumulation in the following minimum concentrations: Dihydrostreptomycin and kanamycin, 2,000 microgram/ml (P less than 0.01); streptomycin and neomycin, 1,000 microgram/ml (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01); amikacin and tobramycin, 300 microgram/ml (P less than 0.05); gentamicin, 100 microgram/ml (P less than 0.05). A concentration of 2,000 microgram/ml caused the following reduction in OIH accumulation: Dihydrostreptomycin, 19.3%; streptomycin, 28.9%; kanamycin, 23.8%; neomycin, 62.5%; gentamicin, 68.0%; amikacin and tobramycin, 100%. Changes in pH of the incubation media after addition of aminoglycosides were only partially responsible for the observed depression of OIH accumulation and there was no evidence of substrate competition between aminoglycosides and OIH. The in vitro model described here appears to be inadequate as a sole predictor of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity, but may provide a supplementary tool in the investigation of aminoglycoside proximal tubular cell toxicity.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1977

Renal function after high-dose urography in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

Renal function was assessed by frequent recordings of Ccr and serum creatinine in 22 patients with chronic renal failure before and after high-dose urography. Urography was followed by a significant, moderate and transient decrease in Ccr which was maximal on the second day; at the same time a significant increase in serum creatinine was observed which was maximal on the fourth day after urography. In all but two patients, Ccr and serum creatinine returned to pre-urographic levels within the next two weeks. Possible causes of the deleterious effects of the contrast media on the kidneys are discussed.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1976

Serum zinc and urinary zinc excretion after renal allotransplantation.

In nine kidney-transplanted patients, receiving prednisone as part of the immunosuppression, serum zinc and urinary zinc excretion were measured for a period of 5-7 weeks after the transplantation. Serum zinc decreased significantly from normal pretransplant values to subnormal vaues 1-5 days after the transplantation. Thereafter, the serum zinc rose again, and after 2-3 weeks, before start of reduction of prednisone, the serum zinc had risen to a level that was not significantly lower than the pretransplant level. Urinary zinc excretion was generally elevated, especially just after the transplantation. In patients with initially good kidney function function the zinc clearance to creatinine clearance ratio was significantly higher during the first week after the transplantation than in the rest of the observation period. Similar findings have been reported after major surgery, and no correlation between serum zinc and the corticosteroid dose was demonstrable. Therefore, in renal allotransplantation, no special supplementation of zinc seems necessary beyond what may be justified by the effect of the surgical trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Iron absorption in patients with chronic uremia undergoing regular hemodialysis.

Gastrointestinal iron absorption has been measured by whole body counting in 17 patients with chronic uremia undergoin regular hemodialysis. Absorption was expressed as whole body retention 14 days after oral administration of 10 muCi 59Fe together with a carrier dose of 10 mg Fe2+. The percentage incorporation in the total erythrocyte mass of administered 59Fe (erythrocyte incorporation) and absorbed 59Fe (red cell utilization) was estimated as well. Geometric mean iron absorption was 14.3 +/- 2.0 (S.D.)% and significantly higher than the value obtained in a normal control group (p less than 0.03). Geometric mean erythrocyte incorporation was 11.6 +/- 2.3 (S.D.)% and arithmetic mean red cell utilization was 84.4 +/- 6.0 (S.E.M.)%. Neither of these parameters differed from corresponding values in the control group (p greater than 0.1 and p greater than 0.2, respectively). The correlation between iron absorption and erythrocyte incorporation was highly significant (r=0.94, p less than 0.001). Patients on regular hemodialysis are subjected to considerable iron loss which should be treated by iron supplementation; oral iron administration is recommended in view of the adequate gastrointestinal absorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Iron absorption after renal transplantation.

Gastrointestinal iron absorption has been measured by means of whole body counting in 13 patients after renal allotransplantation. Whole body retention 14 days after oral administration of 10 muCi 59Fe together with a carrier dose of 9.9 mg Fe2+ was used as an expression of absorption. The percentage incorporation in the total erythrocyte mass of administered 59Fe (erythrocyte incorporation) and absorbed 59Fe (red cell utilization) was estimated as well. Geometric mean iron absorption was 12.4 +/- 2.5 (S.D.)% and geometric mean erythrocyte incorporation 11.1 +/- 3.0 (S.D.)% while arithmetic mean red cell utilization was 95.6 +/- 8.6 (S.E.M.)%. None of these parameters differed significantly from those obtained in normal subjects (p greater than 0.2, p greater than 0.1, pgreater than 0.3, respectively). Iron absorption and erythrocyte incorporation in renal transplanted patients did not differ significantly from the values measured in non-dialysed and dialysed patients with chronic renal failure (p greather than 0.1). The correlation between iron absorption and erythrocyte incorporation was highly significant (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001).

Adult↗