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Biomedical subjects

M Yunus

Publications and source records attributed to M Yunus.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Incidence and severity of rotavirus and Escherichia coli diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh. Implications for vaccine development.

In a 1 year study of diarrhoea in a village in rural Bangladesh, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were the most frequently detected enteropathogens; shigellae were the second most commonly detected enteropathogens and rotaviruses the third. ETEC and rotavirus were found in 31% of diarrhoea episodes experienced by children aged less than 2 years and in 70% of episodes associated with dehydration. Furthermore these two pathogens were identified in the stools of 77% of young children with life-threatening dehydration seen at a diarrhoea treatment centre. The association of ETEC and rotavirus with such a substantial proportion of cases of dehydrating diarrhoea suggests that immunoprophylaxis to reduce the high incidence of deaths from diarrhoea in developing countries may be feasible and that vaccine development should concentrate on these two enteropathogens.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1981

Family studies with HLA typing in Reiter's syndrome.

Twelve consecutive patients with Reiter's syndrome, nine with the B27 antigen (B27 positive) and three without (B27 negative), and their 45 first degree relatives were studied clinically and with HLA typing. Two of the four adult male first degree relatives with the B27 antigen had classic Reiter's syndrome. In addition, one of two B27 positive adult male second degree relatives studied in one family had classic Reiter's syndrome. The data, although limited, suggest that the familial occurrence of Reiter's syndrome is higher than previously recognized, especially in adult male first degree relatives with the B27 antigen, and is similar to the degree of familial aggregation reported in ankylosing spondylitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Primary fibromyalgia (fibrositis): clinical study of 50 patients with matched normal controls.

Detailed clinical study of 50 patients with primary fibromyalgia and 50 normal matched controls has shown a characteristic syndrome. Primary fibromyalgia patients are usually females, aged 25-40 yr, who complain of diffuse musculoskeletal aches, pains or stiffness associated with tiredness, anxiety, poor sleep, headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, subjective swelling in the articular and periarticular areas and numbness. Physical examination is characterized by presence of multiple tender points at specific sites and absence of joint swelling. Symptoms are influenced by weather and activities, as well as by time of day(worse in the morning and the evening). In contrast, symptoms of psychogenic rheumatism patients have little fluctuation, if any, and are modulated by emotional rather than physical factors. In psychogenic rheumatism, there is diffuse tenderness rather than tender points at specific sites. Laboratory tests and roentgenologic findings in primary fibromyalgia are normal or negative. Primary fibromyalgia should be suspected by the presence of its own characteristic features, and not diagnosed just by the absence of other recognizable conditions. This study has also shown that primary fibromyalgia is a poorly recognized condition. Patients were usually seen by many physicians who failed to provide a definite diagnosis despite frequent unnecessary investigations. A guideline for diagnosis of primary fibromyalgia, based upon our observations, is suggested. Management is usually gratifying in these frustrated patients. The most important aspects are a definite diagnosis, explanation of the various possible mechanisms responsible for the symptoms, and reassurance regarding the benign nature of this condition. A combination of reassurance, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, good sleep, local tender point injections, and various modes of physical therapy is successful in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Breast-feeding and food intake among children with acute diarrheal disease.

To quantitate reduced food intake during diarrhea and to assess possible means of promoting such intake, the 24-hr food and breast milk intakes of 41 children 6 to 35 months divided into three groups were measured. The energy and protein intake of 15 children hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea averaged 75 kcal/kg and 0.96 g/kg, respectively. The energy and protein consumption of another group of 15 children with diarrhea whose mothers received intensive education to promote food intake during hospitalization averaged 60.9 kcal/kg and 0.70 g/kg, respectively. These intake levels were significantly lower than 129.9 kcal/kg and 1.89 g/kg observed among healthy control children. These results suggest that child anorexia may be an important cause of reduced food intake during diarrhea. Anorexia was not overcome with intensive educational efforts. Breast milk was found to be important nutrient source with breast-fed children better protected against reduced intake during diarrhea.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

A two-year study of bacterial, viral, and parasitic agents associated with diarrhea in rural Bangladesh.

Enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea were studied for two years at a diarrhea treatment center in rural Bangladesh. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) was the most frequently identified pathogen for patients of all ages. Rotavirus and ETEC were isolated from approximately 50% and approximately 25%, respectively, of patients less than two years of age. A bacterial or viral pathogen was identified for 70% of these young children and for 56% of all patients with diarrhea. Most ETEC isolates were obtained in the hot dry months of March and April and the hot wet months of August and September. Rotavirus identification peaked in the cool dry months of December and January, but infected patients were found year-round. The low case-fatality rates for patients with watery diarrhea and substantial dehydration further document the usefulness of treating patients with diarrhea with either a glucose- or sucrose-base electrolyte solution such as those used in this treatment center.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Emergence of multiply antibiotic-resistant Vibrio cholerae in Bangladesh.

In December 1979, a Vibrio cholerae O1 resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was obtained from a patient with cholera at the Matlab Hospital, Bangladesh. All 256 isolates of V. cholerae O1 stocked in the previous six months were tested for antibiotic sensitivity: 54 were resistant to tetracycline, and 44 of these were resistant to all five antibiotics. The clinical presentation and hospital course for 51 patients with resistant strains of V. cholerae O1 and 102 patients with sensitive strains were compared by their medical records. Patients with resistant strains were indistinguishable from controls by age, sex, or severity of symptoms at presentation. All were treated with tetracycline, and patients with the resistant strains purged longer (mean, 37 vs. 25 hr; P less than 0.01) and in greater volume (mean 4.3 vs. 2.3 liters; P less than 0.01) and their controls with cholera due to susceptible strains. A resistance plasmid was identified. Based on these results, antibiotic use in the areas with resistant vibrios must be reconsidered.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Village-based distribution of oral rehydration therapy packets in Bangladesh.

The distribution of sucrose-electrolyte oral therapy packets (1 liter) by community-based workers in a rural Bangladesh population of 157,000 was evaluated. A similar population of 134,000 served as a comparison group. The locally-produced packets showed satisfactory chemical composition with a shelf-life of up to 3 months and a cost of U.S. $0.05. After 4 months the workers were distributing an average of 70 packets/1,000 population per month. Most patients used one packet for each episode of diarrhea; 13% of children used two packets, and 15% and 8% of adults used, respectively, two and three packets. The electrolyte composition of the oral fluids prepared by field workers and mothers showed substantial variation, but no hyperconcentrated solutions were noted. A comparison of the hospitalization rate from the two study areas suggested a 29% reduction in hospitalization for diarrhea during the 4 months of distribution.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and idiopathic diarrhoea in Bangladesh.

Faecal Escherichia coli from Bangalee patients with idiopathic diarrhoea were tested in the Chinese hamster ovary cell (C.H.O.) assay to detect production of thermolabile enterotoxin (L.T.). C.H.O-positive E. coli produce both L.T. and a thermostable toxin (S.T.). C.H.O.-positive strains were found in 19.2% of all cases and in 70% of the most severely ill patients with non-vibrio cholera. E. coli which produce S.T. alone were identified in a third of the C.H.O.-negative cases. Enterotoxigenic E. coli were found in 55% of inpatients with idiopathic diarrhoea and, if an aetiological role is confirmed, may be one of the commonest causes of tropical diarrhoea.

Adolescent↗