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Biomedical subjects

M Yoshimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshimoto.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Effect of metoprolol in patients with renal hypertension].

Eighteen patients with renal hypertension were treated with metoprolol (Seloken) for more than 3 months. Compared with the pretreatment value, the mean blood pressure decreased by 6.0, 11.2, 9.2 and 12.2 mmHg, after 2 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment with metoprolol, respectively. All the differences observed were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The blood pressure lowering effect of metoprolol was observed in 12 of the 17 patients (70.6%) examined. Decrease in plasma renin activity was seen in most of the responders. Although the number of patients was limited, the plasma level of metoprolol was also measured. The results indicated no sign of accumulation of metoprolol in the body. Moderate deterioration in renal function was observed in 1 patient but the treatment with metoprolol could be continued. Metoprolol administration had to be discontinued in 1 patient, who developed asthma. There were no other serious side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pathway formation and the terminal distribution pattern of the spinocerebellar projection in the chick embryo.

Pathway formation and the terminal distribution pattern of spinocerebellar fibers in the chick embryo were examined by means of an anterograde labelling technique with wheat germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Spinocerebellar fibers, which originate in the lumbar spinal cord and are located in the marginal layer of the spinal cord, reach the dorsal part of the cerebellar plate on embryonic day (E)8. On the way to the cerebellum the fibers form one distinct bundle, that suggests that gross projection errors probably do not occur during the formation of the spinocerebellar pathway. On E10, labelled fibers are located mostly in the medullary zone of the anterior lobe. By E12, the number of labelled fibers increases greatly in the inner granular and molecular layers. In transverse sections labelling was distributed throughout the mediolateral extent of the medullary zone. By E14, sagittal strips of labelling were clearly recognized in lobules II-IV; however, labelled terminals were present throughout lobule I. Although the adult pattern of terminal distribution is attained by E14, the mossy fiber terminals are still quite immature. The density of labelling decreased greatly by E16, and small terminal varicosities were first recognized. Structural differentiation of mossy fiber terminals continues to the end of the embryonic or the newly posthatched period.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1987

High levels of antibodies to streptococcal cell membrane antigens specifically bound to monoclonal antibodies in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

We produced 15 immunoglobulin G class monoclonal antibodies against antigens of the streptococcal cell membrane (SCM) of Streptococcus pyogenes (T type 12, Tanaka strain) and determined the levels in human sera of antibodies against Triton-X-extracted antigens specifically bound to each of these 15 monoclonal antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sample sera were obtained from 10 normal controls (group 1), 10 patients with streptococcal pharyngitis without sequelae (group 2), and 8 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) (group 3). Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titers of the sera increased in the order of groups 1, 2, and 3. There was no relationship between ASO titer and the level of anti-SCM antibodies, and there was no significant difference in the level of anti-SCM antibodies determined with each of the 15 monoclonal antibodies between group 1 and group 2 sera. Group 3 sera had higher levels of antibodies to SCM antigens specifically bound to each of 14 of these 15 monoclonal antibodies than group 1 or group 2 sera did. Of these 14 monoclonal antibodies, 9 reacted with the four SCM antigens separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet. These results suggest that high levels of antibodies to SCM antigens are related to the development of APSGN and that the systemic immune response to SCM antigens is involved in the pathogenesis of APSGN.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Estimates of circulating breast cancer-associated antigen CA 15-3 as a monitoring marker in patients with breast cancer].

CA 15-3 is a newly developed tumor marker detected by breast tumor-associated antigen 115D8/DF3 and is being studied as a monitoring marker in breast cancer patients (pts), even though its sensitivity as a screening marker is not so high. The cut off value of CA 15-3 was set at 27 U/ml. We assayed the plasma CA 15-3 levels of breast cancer pts from June 1985 for the purpose of estimating it as a monitoring marker in comparison with CEA. In the monitoring of over 2,000 postoperative pts, 23 were discovered to have metastatic lesions. For prediction of recurrence, CA 15-3 was useful for 11 pts (48%), while CEA was useful for 8 pts (35%), and CA 15-3 or CEA were useful for 14 pts (61%). Although it was little useful for local recurrence, CA 15-3 was highly useful for the prediction of organ & bone recurrence in 7/11 pts (64%). With regard to monitoring of the clinical course of metastatic carcinoma of the breast, the levels of CA 15-3 were positive in 47/68 pts (69%), while in contrast CEA was positive in 42/68 pts (62%). The trend of CA 15-3 was also highly correlated with the clinical course. CA 15-3 thus appears to be a better marker, especially as a monitoring marker, than CEA for breast cancer. Additional research will be required on this marker, but it seems likely that CA 15-3 combined with CEA would provide better information for the monitoring of breast cancer patients.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1986

Early replicative intermediates of Escherichia coli chromosome isolated from a membrane complex.

The replication origin region of the Escherichia coli chromosome was isolated from an outer membrane fraction. The chromosome was further purified by centrifugation in a cesium chloride gradient. Early replicative intermediates were enriched in the preparation when cytosine-1-beta-arabinofuranoside was added to the culture at the time of initiation of chromosome replication. DNA fragments with an eye structure having two branches of less than 400-500 bp in length were associated with components that were removed by phenol treatment. We conclude that the replication fork usually proceeds counter-clockwise toward the unc operon in the earliest period of replication.

Base Composition↗
PubMed1986

Asymmetric replication of an oriC plasmid in Escherichia coli.

Plasmid pTSO118 containing the Escherichia coli origin of replication, oriC, initiated replication simultaneously with the chromosome when temperature-sensitive host cells were synchronized by temperature shifts. Replicating intermediates of the plasmid as well as of the chromosome were isolated from the outer membrane fraction of the cell. Plasmid DNA with eye structures was enriched when cytosine-1-beta-arabinofuranoside was introduced into the culture during replication. Electron microscopy of the replicating molecules, after digestion with restriction endonucleases, showed that the replication fork proceeds exclusively counter-clockwise towards the unc operon. We conclude that the replication of the oriC plasmid is unidirectional or, if bidirectional, is highly asymmetric.

DNA Replication↗
PubMed1986

[Cefsulodin concentration in exudates from drainage of patients with acute peritonitis following intravenous administration].

Cefsulodin (CFS), a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, shows a potent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Gram-positive bacteria, whereas it shows low activity against many Gram-negative rods. Against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, CFS was about 10 times more active than sulbenicillin and carbenicillin, and had a similar activity to gentamicin and dibekacin. The CFS was administered by an intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 1 g to each of 14 patients operated for acute peritonitis with drainage or radical mastectomy with drainage to treat breast cancer. These cases included 3 of localized peritonitis due to perforative appendicitis, 3 of diffuse peritonitis due to perforative duodenal ulcer, 2 of panperitonitis due to intestinal obstruction and perforative sigmoid colon cancer, 4 of subacute cholangitis, localized peritonitis T-tube choledochal drainage due to choledocholithiasis, and 2 of breast cancer. Materials from drain exudate were taken at intervals with sterilized paper discs and CFS concentrations were determined by the paper disc bioassay method with P. aeruginosa NCTC 10490 as the test organism. Serum concentrations of CFS just after injection reached 135.4 +/- 66.1 micrograms/ml, and they were 2.7 +/- 1.5 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after injection. Concentrations in purulent exudates of patients with acute peritonitis increased quickly after intravenous bolus injections, and reached maximum levels relatively early after injection in cases 2 to 3 days after operation. In cases 10 to 13 days after operation, CFS levels were comparatively low and reached to peak levels at 4 to 5 hours after injection. Levels of CFS in purulent exudate tended to increase in proportion to the severity of symptoms, as did CFS levels in appendix wall. Pseudomonas spp. were not isolated in this study, but MICs of CFS were mostly around 1.56 to 3.13 micrograms/ml when clinically isolated Pseudomonas spp. were present at 10(6) cells/ml. Levels of CFS in infected exudate were higher than the above MIC values against Pseudomonas spp. Therefore, CFS were a useful drug for the chemotherapy against pseudomonal infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of cefotiam in the exudate from wounds of patients with breast cancer operated upon for radical mastectomy.

Cephalosporin antibiotics have been widely used to prevent infections during and after operation. To establish an efficient use of prophylactic antibiotics for patients undergoing surgery, it is important to investigate the drug levels in exudate from wounds of the patients and to elucidate the relation between drug concentration in the blood and that in the exudate. In a previous paper, the present authors (except E.M. and Y.K.) determined cefotiam (CTM) concentrations in serum and exudate from wounds of patients with breast cancer who underwent radical mastectomy and discussed an adequate regimen of CTM prophylaxis after the operation. However, CTM concentrations in serum and exudate from the wounds of the patients were not analyzed pharmacokinetically. In the present paper we report on the disposition kinetics of CTM in serum and exudate from wounds after the administration of CTM following bolus intravenous injection into patients with breast cancer operated upon for radical mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Cefotiam concentration in exudate from suction drain of patients with breast cancer following intravenous administration].

Cefotiam (CTM) in a dose of 2 g was given by intravenous bolus injection to 16 patients with breast cancer operated upon radical mastectomy with suction drainage. The materials of exudate from drain were taken at intervals by sterilized paper disc and determined by the paper disc method with Proteus mirabilis ATCC 21100 as the test organism to CTM concentrations. CTM concentrations in exudate from suction drain of patients increased quickly after intravenous injection, and reached to peak early time on 2 to 3 days after operation. While on 6 days after operation, the CTM concentrations were comparatively lower and reached to peak at 2 approximately 3 hours after injection. The CTM concentrations in exudate exceed the antibacterial levels of CTM and are thought to be sufficient to produce prophylactic effects in the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Purification and characterization of two forms of cytochrome P-450 from rat kidney cortex microsomes.

Two forms of cytochrome P-450 (P-450), designated P-450 k-1 and P-450 k-2, have been purified about 100-fold from rat kidney cortex microsomes. P-450 k-1 and P-450 k-2 have monomeric molecular weights of 51,500 and 52,000, respectively, on sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Absolute spectra of the oxidized forms indicate that P-450 k-1 is largely in the low-spin state and partly in the high-spin state, and that P-450 k-2 is essentially all in the former. The absorption maxima in reduced carbon monoxide difference spectra are at 450.5 and 451 nm with P-450 k-1 and P-450 k-2, respectively. The two P-450s catalyze the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of fatty acids such as caprate, laurate, myristate, and palmitate, although P-450 k-1 exhibits a higher specific activity with all fatty acids tested. In addition, P-450 k-1 is capable of hydroxylating prostaglandin (PG) A1 and A2 at the omega-position, whereas P-450 k-2 has no activity toward PGs. These activities are all stimulated by addition of cytochrome b5. The two P-450s give different peptide map patterns when partially digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease or papain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The value of urinary polyamine assay in stomach cancer. Comparison with serum carcinoembryonic antigen.

The authors recently established a new simple enzymatic assay method for total urinary polyamines (Cancer Res 1983; 43:2263-2367). In order to assess the clinical usefulness of measuring total urinary polyamines for the detection of cancer, this method has been applied to the assay of polyamines in the urine of 45 patients with stomach cancer who were classified as to clinical stage. In addition, the value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the same individual patients was measured for comparison. Percentage of patients with elevated levels of total urinary polyamines increased with International Union Against Cancer (UICC) clinical stage, and was 40.0% (6/15), 50% (3/6), 72.7% (8/11), and 84.6% (11/13) for Stage I, II, III and IV stomach cancer patients, respectively. In 32 patients with stomach cancer of potentially operable Stage I, II, and III, elevated levels of total urinary polyamines were found in 17 patients and elevated levels of serum CEA were found in 5 patients. In 13 patients with inoperable stage IV stomach cancer, elevated levels of total urinary polyamines were found in 11 patients and elevated levels of serum CEA were found in 5 patients. Statistical differences in the detection rate were found between the two markers in these two groups of patients. The combination of these two markers did not increase the detection rate of stomach cancer significantly. The data indicate that the determination of total urinary polyamines by the new assay is clinically useful as a potential marker for the detection of advanced stages of stomach cancer and may be more useful than that of serum CEA. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the relationship between urinary polyamine levels and tumor regression and also the prognostic significance of polyamine determination in stomach cancer patients. In 6 of 13 patients who showed elevated levels of urinary polyamines before surgery, polyamine levels fell to within the normal range after successful surgical removal of tumor. In general, each polyamine level decreased significantly following surgery by paired Student's t test analysis. All of the five Stage IV patients with polyamine levels greater than 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour died in less than 3 months whereas five of eight Stage IV patients with polyamine levels less than or equal to 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour survived 10 to 20 months. Statistical differences in survival were observed between Stage IV patients with polyamine levels greater than 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour and those with polyamine levels less than or equal to 4.0 mumol/kg/24 hour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗