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Biomedical subjects

M Winkler

Publications and source records attributed to M Winkler.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Clinical value of determining C-reactive protein in the maternal serum in pregnancies with threatened premature labor].

In this article, because of the importance of subclinical infections for triggering premature labor, we have investigated the maternal serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in 88 pregnancies with comparable gestational ages at the onset of premature birth symptoms. We found certain associations between possible prolongation of gestation by tocolysis and absence or presence of pathologic values of this acute-phase-protein. Positive CRP-values are associated with significantly lowered prolongation of pregnancy by tocolysis and subsequently lowered gestational age at birth. Though there are no correlations to maternal temperature and white blood cell counts, antenatal CTG-results, amniotic fluid properties and parameters of the neonate, we found probable relations to the detection of Ureaplasmas in the vaginal swabs. Once more we point out to possible associations between mycoplasmas and premature birth.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1986

[Urodynamic observations on the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation].

Urodynamic tests and clinical and anamnestic assessments of continence were carried out in 47 patients before and after the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation. The operation resulted in a subjective cure in 35 (74.5%) of the patients; 12 women were again incontinent within a period of between 6 and 24 months. There was an insignificant postoperative rise in urethral occlusion pressure at rest. It was only possible to ensure an elongation of the urethra in the resting pressure curve. The urethral occlusion pressure at rest in patients with recurrent incontinence was considerably lower preoperatively than in postoperatively continent patients. Hence, high urethral occlusion pressure at rest signifies a good surgical prognosis. In the stress pressure curve, surgery improved the transmission factor, the depression factor, and the urethral occlusion pressure under stress. However, no clear surgical prognosis was possible on the basis of these parameters. The best postoperative results for the transmission and depression factors and the urethral occlusion pressure under stress were obtained in the stress pressure curve at 300 ml with the patient in seated position. On comparing preoperative and postoperative measurements, improvements in pressure transmission and in urethral occlusion pressure under stress were seen in particular in the proximal one-third of the urethra. Hence, the question arises whether the proximal one-third of the urethra is as important as the medial one-third in stress incontinence diagnosis by measurement.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical experiences with a single layer uterine suture in cesarean section].

In this analysis 536 caesarean sections with a single layer uterine suture were compared to 256 sections with two layer closure. Their relations with regard to indications of operative delivery, complications during the puerperium and their courses in subsequent vaginal deliveries were taken into consideration. - The significant lower rate of pyrexia and shorter hospital stay of the patients may be a result of quicker and better healing of the single layer suture. The increased rate of complications in the puerperium is partially due to changes in the registry of dates. Absent disturbances during the placental period and the occurrence of only one uterine rupture, in the course of vaginal delivery in a patient with a previous single layer caesarean section suture, demonstrates the functional sufficiency of this technic.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1984

Biological and thrombolytic properties of proenzyme and active forms of human urokinase--III. Thrombolytic properties of natural and recombinant urokinase in rabbits with experimental jugular vein thrombosis.

The thrombolytic properties of recombinant pro-urokinase (Rec-pro-UK), recombinant active urokinase (Rec-UK) and natural urinary urokinase (Nat-UK) were compared with those of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in rabbits with a radiolabeled thrombus in the jugular vein. The thrombolytic agents were infused intravenously over a time period of 4 hr and the extent of thrombolysis measured two hours later. In control animals the extent of thrombolysis was 11 +/- 2% (n = 8) after 6 hr. Nat-UK and Rec-UK had very similar thrombolytic properties. Significant thrombolysis was only obtained with infusion of 240,000 IU per kg (41 +/- 2%, n = 4 for Nat-UK and 37 +/- 4%, n = 4 for Rec-UK) and this was associated with a marked systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system, as evidenced by consumption of plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin and fibrinogen breakdown. Infusion of Rec-pro-UK induced thrombolysis at a dose of 60,000 IU per kg (44 +/- 8%, n = 3) but without associated systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system. In this respect the properties of Rec-pro-UK were similar to those of t-PA, which, however, had a 2- to 4-fold higher specific thrombolytic activity (30,000 IU/kg yielding 48 +/- 1% lysis, n = 4). It is concluded that Rec-UK has very similar thrombolytic properties as Nat-UK and that Rec-pro-UK has a better thrombus-selectivity and less systemic side effects than the active enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure study of the coupled binuclear copper active site of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa.

Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectra have been recorded for the enzyme tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa, in its oxy, resting (met-aquo), and inhibitor-bound (met-mimosine) forms. The K-edges proper resemble those of oxy- and met-hemocyanin, and confirm the presence of CuII. The forbidden 1s----3d transition is noticeably stronger for the 1-mimosine-bound enzyme, implying some distortion of the tetragonal Cu coordination group on inhibitor binding. The extended fine structure (EXAFS) beyond the K-edge has been analyzed. The first shell scattering is consistent with the presence of two N- and two O-ligand atoms, at 2.0 and 1.9 A, for all three forms of the enzyme; there is no evidence for heavy atom (S) scattering in the first shell. As in analogous hemocyanin derivatives, the outer shell scattering contains contributions from distant atoms of imidazole ligands, as well as from an addition scattering atom, at 3.4-3.6 A. For oxy-tyrosinase the additional scatterer is unambiguously a heavy atom (Cu), although a larger Debye-Waller factor suggests a somewhat less rigid binuclear site than in oxy-hemocyanin.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1984

Permanent-access hepaticojejunostomy.

A new technique of hepaticojejunostomy is described. The technique involves the incorporation of a cutaneous access stoma in the Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum used for the anastomosis. This stoma provides permanent access to the biliary-intestinal anastomosis and to the hepatobiliary tree for non-operative management of chronic and recurrent biliary tract problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Influence of dextran polymer particles (Sephadex G-200) on the chemiluminescence response of murine peritoneal leukocytes.

Murine peritoneal leukocytes exhibited enhanced levels of chemiluminescence (Cl) when derived from mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Sephadex G-200 gel. This could be observed in the background, 'spontaneous' Cl reactivity, and in Cl elicited by in vitro addition of zymosan or mitogens. Leukocytes found in the peritoneum after Sephadex G-200 inoculation are predominantly neutrophils. It is suggested that the enhanced Cl reactivity is due to activation and proliferation of neutrophils.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effects of D-ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin injections into the nucleus accumbens on the motility of rats.

Previous studies suggested that the nucleus accumbens (ACB) is relevant for mediating morphine-induced akinesia and catalepsy. In the present study, the effects of unilateral injections of D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL) into the ACB were evaluated. Compared with saline-injected controls, 0.1 and 0.4 nmoles of DADL did not produce any alteration in locomotor activity. One nmol produced a locomotor stimulation, the maximum of which occurred with a delay of about 45 min. In contrast, 4 and 13 nmoles of DADL immediately produced an akinesia, followed by a locomotor stimulation, which was more pronounced after 13 than after 4 nmoles and showed a plateau between 45 and 75 min. Co-administration of naloxone (13 nmoles) did not prevent the initial akinesia, produced by 13 nmoles of DADL, but partly antagonized locomotor stimulation and catalepsy. The results showed that unilateral injections of DADL into the ACB produced a depression of locomotor activity, followed by a stimulation. Both effects showed differences in the dose-dependence. The locomotor stimulation is probably not due to a counter-regulation against the locomotor depression. Studies of Andén and Johnels (1) and of Jones et al (2) suggested that the locomotor activity of rats is critically dependent on the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (ACB). In this area, a remarkable density of opioid receptors has been found (3), in particular of binding sites of 125J-labelled DADL, a ligand, which is a relatively selective marker of opioid receptors of the delta type (4), with a smaller amount of mu-specific binding sites (5). Costall et al. (6) found that bilateral injections of morphine into the ACB produced a catalepsy. In another study, it was found that even unilateral injections of morphine into this area could produce catalepsy and akinesia (7), an effect, which was antagonized by systemic administration of naloxone. It seemed of interest to study the effect of D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL), when injected into the ACB, on locomotor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Value of serum levels of conjugated cholic acid in the diagnosis of liver disease (author's transl)].

Serum concentrations of conjugated cholic acid determined radioimmunologically were investigated for 3 hours after a test meal in 62 patients with fatty liver, 70 patients with chronic hepatitis and 30 patients with liver cirrhosis. Values were compared with results of further data from chemical pathology. Increased fasting bile acid values were found in 18% of patients with fatty liver, 13% with chronic hepatitis and in 70% with cirrhosis. Following the test meal maximum concentration increase of cholic acid conjugates was obtained after one hour. 70.5% of patients with fatty liver, 80% of patients with chronic hepatitis and 97% of patients with cirrhosis were identifiable by increased bile acid levels. Postprandial serum bile acid levels therefore have a higher sensitivity for diagnosis of liver disease than bilirubin, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase or gamma-glutamyl transferase.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Unilateral injection of morphine into the nucleus accumbens induces akinesia and catalepsy, but no spontaneous muscular rigidity in rats.

The role of the nucleus accumbens in the generation of the signs of morphine-induced "catatonia" namely akinesia, catalepsy and muscular rigidity, was studied in rats. Morphine was injected into the nucleus accumbens and either spontaneous locomotor activity or catalepsy or activity in the electromyogram of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle, signalling the appearance of rigidity, were recorded. Unilateral injections of 5 micrograms of morphine induced a decrease of locomotor activity and weak catalepsy; 15 micrograms of morphine completely abolished locomotor activity (akinesia) and produced a very pronounced catalepsy. All these effects were antagonized by naloxone (2 mg/kg i.p.). Injections of morphine into the nucleus accumbens did not induce muscular rigidity. In contrast, injection of morphine (15 micrograms) into the head of the caudate nucleus, which induced a pronounced muscular rigidity, did not noticeably alter the locomotor activity nor did it produce catalepsy. Our results suggest that 1) the nucleus accumbens is relevant for systemically administered morphine to produce akinesia and catalepsy, but is not noticeably involved in the development of muscular rigidity; 2) they provide evidence that morphine-induced catalepsy is largely due to a strong akinesia, and that muscular rigidity, observed after morphine administration, does not contribute to positive scores in the catalepsy test.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Is morphine-induced akinesia related to inhibition of reflex activation of flexor alpha-motoneurones? Role of the nucleus accumbens.

Unilateral injections of morphine (5-15 micrograms) into the nucleus accumbens of non-anesthetized rats produces a decrease of locomotor activity and a catalepsy. In a similar dose-response relationship, injections of morphine into this area inhibited the reflex activation of alpha-motoneurones by mild tetanic stimulation of the ipsilateral peroneal nerve (flexor alpha-motoneurones) in halothane-anesthetized rats. All these effects were antagonized by systemic administration of naloxone. Our results suggest that a reduction in reflex activation of flexor alpha-motoneurones by proprioceptive stimuli seems to be relevant for the development and/or mediation of akinesia and catalepsy, and that the nucleus accumbens plays a key role in these effects produced by morphine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bacteria and zymosan opsonized with histone, dextran sulfate, and polyanetholesulfonate trigger intense chemiluminescence in human blood leukocytes and platelets and in mouse macrophages: modulation by metabolic inhibitors in relation to leukocyte-bacteria interactions in inflammatory sites.

Human blood leukocytes and platelets and mouse peritoneal macrophages emit very rapid and very intense Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) signals when treated with streptococci, staphylococci, or with zymosan, which have been preopsonized with arginine-rich histone, dextran sulfate or polyanetholesulfonate (liquoid). Liquoid alone at 10-30 micrograms/2 X 10(5) leukocytes also triggers intense CL responses in the absence of a carrier. Strong CL can also be triggered, and at the same levels, when the various polyelectrolytes are simply mixed with the bacteria or zymosan and added to the leukocyte suspensions. The CL responses induced by the polyelectrolyte-bacteria complexes greatly exceed those triggered in leukocytes by antibody-complement-coated particles. Liquoid also shows a unique property of markedly augmenting CL signals which have already been induced by other ligand-coated bacteria or zymosan particles. Streptococci and staphylococci were found to be much superior to zymosan, Gram-positive bacilli, or E. coli as carriers for the various polyelectrolytes in the CL reaction. Neither protamine sulfate, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, crystalline ribonuclease (all cationic in nature), chondroitin sulfate, heparin, nor alginate sulfate acted as ligands for triggering CL, when used to opsonize bacteria or zymosan. The induction of CL in blood leukocytes by the various ligand-coated bacteria is markedly inhibited by azide, KCN catalase, aminotriazole, and EDTA, agents known to inhibit the production of oxygen radicals following stimulation of leukocytes by opsonized bacteria. Two children diagnosed for chronic granulomatous diseases (CGD) of childhood and an apparently healthy sister of one of the male patients completely failed to respond with CL either to the polyelectrolyte-bacteria complexes, liquoid or antibody-coated bacteria and zymosan. It is proposed that liquoid be employed for the rapid screening of defects in certain oxygen-dependent metabolic processes in both PMNs and macrophages. It is also suggested that polyelectrolytes like the ones described in this study may markedly enhance the bactericidal properties of leukocytes and macrophages towards both extracellular and intracellular microorganisms and may perhaps also augment the tumoricidal effects of activated macrophages.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of actin and myosin in a rat neuronal cell line infected with herpes simplex virus.

The indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to study alterations in the distribution of actin and myosin filaments in a rat B 103 neuronal cell line infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In uninfected cells, actin filaments were arranged in parallel and ran lengthwise from one end of the cell to the other; although myosin filaments were closely associated with actin filaments, additional myosin formed a netlike distribution which did not stain for actin. In infected cells, actin filaments became more randomly aligned and were concentrated along with myosin in close association with rosette-like formations of nuclei in syncytial cells; structural organization of actin and myosin within these intensely staining areas was no longer evident. The possible role of contractile proteins (actin and myosin) in viral infections of neural tissue is raised.

Actins↗
PubMed1982

[Comparison of commercially available radioimmunoassays for the determination of bile acids in serum (author's transl)].

Three commercially available radioimmunoassays for the determination of bile acids in serum were evaluated with respect to specificity and precision. The SLCG-radioimmunoassay (Abbott) measures chiefly cholic acid conjugates, and the CBA-radioimmunoassay (Becton-Dickinson) measures all conjugated bile acids, with an over-response to taurine metabolites. With respect to cross reactions, the performances of the CG-and the CBA-radioimmunoassays differed significantly from those stated by the manufacturers, the former showing a 32% response to taurocholic acid, the latter responding only 118% to taurochenodeoxycholic acid. At physiological concentrations of albumin + globulin, the recovery of defined cholanic acids was 85-101%. Good reproducibility was shown by the CG-radioimmunoassay in the range 0.5-10.0 mumol/l, by the CBA-radioimmunoassay in the range 1.0-25.0 mumol/l, and by the SLCG-radioimmunoassay in the range 0.5-3.0 mumol/l. There were no important differences in the inter-and intra-assay precision of the three methods.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1982

[Conjugated bile acids and sulphated glycolithocholic acid in the serum of healthy probands (author's transl)].

Using commercially available radioimmunoassays, bile acids were measured in the serum of 378 healthy probands. The following values were found: conjugated cholic acid 0.36 +/- 0.38 mumol/l (95% percentile 1.28 mumol/l) (CG-radioimmunoassay from Abbot); sum of the various conjugated cholanic acids 2.8 +/- 1.58 mumol/l (95% percentile 5.98 mumol/l) (CBA-radioimmunoassay from Becton-Dickinson); sulphate glycolithocholic acid 0.57 +/- 0.33 mumol/l (95% percentile 1.23 mumol)l) (SLCG-radioimmunoassay from Abbot). The values showed a normal logarithmic distribution. No sex-specific differences were found between similar age groups of the 207 male and the 171 female probands. In 50 probands, serum concentrations were followed over a period of 3 hours after a standardized meal. Conjugated cholic acid showed a 5-fold postprandial increase, compared with the concentrations measured in fasting probands. In 48% this maximum was reached within 60 minutes, in 32% within 2 hours, and in 20% within 3 hours. The concentrations of sulphate glycolithocholic acid were subject to only slight postprandial variations, which did not appear until the second or third hour.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Epidemiology of venous diseases - results of an epidemiologic study].

48.7% of the population of the district of Dippoldiswalde developed a varicosis. both sexes were affected in the same way with a similar percentage. No side of the legs were preferred. Two thirds of all carriers of varices have only slight varices (small varicose dilatations of the cutaneous veins, reticular varices) without complaints. A considerable varicosis was found in 130/1000 adult inhabitants. Only these carriers of varices can be defined as ill with venous disease. The age is no risk factor of varicosis. The average age of manifestation of varicosis in females is 37.8 years, in males 43.7 years. With growing age, however, the degree of severity of the disease increases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of striatal lesions with kainic acid on morphine-induced "catatonia" and increase of striatal dopamine turnover.

The influence of striatal lesions (head of the caudate nucleus) with kainic acid on "catatonia" and on the increase of the dopamine metabolite DOPAC in the striatum after systemic morphine administration was measured in rats. These lesions strongly prevented the morphine-induced muscular rigidity, measured as activity in the electromyogram EMG) of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle of non-anesthesized animals. On the other hand, the decrease of locomotion (akinesia) measured using an Animex Activity Meter and an activity wheel, was not prevented or reduced. The lesions did not influence the inhibitory effect of morphine on the activation of flexor alpha-motoneurones, either. These results suggest that the head of the caudate nucleus plays an important role in mediating morphine rigidity, but not akinesia or inhibition of the activation of flexor alpha-motoneurones. Opioid-induced "catatonia" ought to be regarded as a mixture both of rigidity and of akinesia. Morphine led to a rapid decrease, followed by a slow increase of striatal DOPAC concentration. Lesions induced by kainic acid slightly inhibited the decrease and markedly enhanced the increase of DOPAC. Accordingly, an intact nigro-striato-nigral loop is not necessary for the increase of striatal dopamine turnover, observed after morphine administration. The different sites of action, which are likely to mediate all these effects of morphine, are discussed.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗