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Biomedical subjects

M Wender

Publications and source records attributed to M Wender.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The fatty acid pattern of central myelin lipids after transplacental intoxication by ethylnitrosourea.

Porton mice were used in the experiments. Pregnant animals were injected intravenously with a single dose of ethylnitrosourea (ENU). The poison was administered at the 15th day of pregnancy. The cerebral myelin of offsprings of the intoxicated mothers was examined with respect to the fatty acid spectrum of myelin lipids. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: The fatty acid pattern of the individual myelin lipid fractions has revealed significant differences between the normal myelin and that isolated from brains of mice that had been subjected to transplacental intoxication by ENU. Transplacental intoxication by ENU has not only a carcinogenic effect on the central nervous system, but it obviously also affects the lipid metabolism of membraneous structures of the developing brain. ENU when acting during foetal life induces the formation of deviated myelin, that differs significantly with respect to its lipid and fatty acid composition from that of normally developing animals.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

Salivary secretion of blood group substances in multiple sclerosis patients.

Inspired by the widely discussed problem of a possible genetic background of multiple sclerosis we have undertaken a trial of determining the relationship between the hereditary trait conveyed by a single gene, i.e. the salivary secretion or nonsecretion of blood group substances, and the occurrence of this disease. The investigations have shown that in the population of western Poland the nonsecretors of blood group substances into their saliva have a statistically significant chance of developing multiple sclerosis than secretors of these substances.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

Neuroglia in central Wallerian Degeneration (ultrastructural and histoenzymatic studies).

In adult rabbits, unilateral enucleation was performed and morphological changes resulting from disconnection of the axons from their perikaryons of the optic nerve evaluated by means of light and electron microscopy. The morphological changes were compared with histochemically determined activities of several hydrolytic and oxidoreductive enzymes. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: 1. Astroglial cells displaying increased enzymic activity of many hydrolases and oxidoreductases constitute the main cellular component of the mature optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration. 2. Oligodendroglial cells of the degenerating optic nerve were found as well inside as in their usual position i.e. outside the axons. These cells displayed only slightly expressed morphological or histochemical signs of an increased biological activity. 3. In the mature optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration some signs of remyelination i.e. formation of an aberrant myelin without proper connection to axons, were observed. 4. An intact functional connection between the perikaryons, the axons and myelin sheaths is in the mature optic nerve not indispensable for initiation of myelinogenesis during Wallerian degeneration.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

The effect of methylnitrosourea intoxication on the fatty acid pattern of myelin lipids.

The effect of intravenous administration of methylnitrosourea (MNU), 60 mg/kg body weight to adult BD IX rats for 6 consecutive days, on the fatty acid composition of myelin lipids has been examined. The results of our investigations show that the fatty acid spectrum of all myelin lipid components was significantly altered after MNU treatment. The comparison of the fatty acid composition of the myelin phospholipids and the cholesterol esters formed MNU intoxication did not speak in favour of the hypothesis that enhanced lipolysis and thus the fatty acids liberated mainly from phospholipids are responsible for the increased esterification of cholesterol observed in toxic myelinopathies. It rather confirms the thesis that enhanced esterification of cholesterol is one of the early, independent events occurring in the lipid layer of the myelin sheath in the course of demyelination. The observed changes in the fatty acyl spectrum of various myelin lipids may weaken the stability of the myelin lipid layer, and thus constitute another factor in the pathomechanism of toxic myelinopathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Neuroglia of the developing optic nerve in the course of Wallerian degeneration.

Unilateral enucleation was performed in 8 days rabbits and morphological changes occurring in the degenerating immature optic nerve were evaluated by means of light and electron microscopy and correlated with histoenzymatic changes in the activity of various phosphatases, esterases and oxidoreductases. The results of these experiments have lead to the following conclusions: 1. In contrast to the marked hyperplasia of the astroglia, the cellularity of the neuroglia of the oligodendroglial line suffered a considerable decrease in the course of Wallerian degeneration of the immature optic nerve. 2. Disconnection of axons from their parental perikaryons caused a considerable delay and reduction of differentiation of the immature neuroglia cells into oligodendrocytes. 3. The histoenzymatic pattern of neuroglia in the immature degenerating optic nerve differs from and bears no relation to that of the normally developing nerve. 4. Cells of the oligodendroglia line, when maturing in contact with degenerating axons are incapable of promoting myelinogenesis. 5. The genetic information contained in both the immature and mature oligodendroglia cells is not the sole factor safeguarding the transformation of these cells into myelinating ones.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Myelin lipids in Wallerian degeneration of the rabbit optic nerve.

Wallerian degeneration of the rabbit optic nerve was produced by enucleation and the myelin output as well as its lipid composition were studied. In spite of the marked drop in the myelin mass, occurring very soon after enucleation the lipid composition of the corresponding myelin fractions did not change appreciably, phosphatidylcholine being the most resistant lipid species. However, from the very beginning of the degenerating process there appeared in the myelin lipid spectrum marked amounts of cholesteryl esters and phosphatidic acids and in the later period elevated amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine. Enhanced esterification of cholesterol could function as an early primary factor injuring the myelin membrane, the lysocompounds may be involved at a later stage in the pathomechanism of myelin decomposition in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Enzyme histochemistry of Wallerian degeneration in the immature optic nerve of rabbits.

A histochemical study was performed on the activity of several phosphatases, esterases and oxidoreductases in the immature optic nerve of rabbits undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Unilateral enucleations of the eye bulb were performed on 7 days old animals and the degenerated optic nerves were examined in rabbits, 5, 23, 63 and 173 days afterwards. The following results were obtained: 1. The reactive cells appearing in the immature optic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration exhibit distinctly increased activities of many hydrolytic and oxidoreductive enzymes. 2. The histoenzymic pattern of changes displayed by the reactive cells occurring in the immature, degenerating optic nerve is distinct from and bears no relation to that seen in the normally developing optic nerve. 3. The genetic formation contained in the oligodendroglial cells is not the sole factor safeguarding the transformation of immature and mature oligodendroglia into myelinating cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

The effect of intoxication with alkylnitrosourea derivatives on cerebral myelin.

Adult BD IX rats were injected with methylnitrosourea and pregnant mice on the 15th day of gestation with a single intravenous dose of ethylnitrosourea and pregnant mice on the 15th day of gestation with a single intravenous dose of ethylnitrosourea. The cerebral myelin fraction of adult BD IX rats and of the mice offsprings was studied. It was found that a part of the rats intoxicated with methylnitrosourea developed spongious changes in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter. The myelin fraction of intoxicated rats also showed severe losses of sphingomyelin with a steady increase in the cholesterol ester content. The myelin fraction from mice intoxicated during the foetal development appeared deficient with respect to galactolipids and plasmalogen. It is concluded that, besides the carcinogenic effect, alkylnitrosourea derivatives effectively disturb the lipid metabolism of membrane structures of the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Myelin lipids in the brain after transplacental intoxication with ethylnitrosourea.

At day 15 of gestation pregnant mice were injected with a single intravenous dose of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) (80 mg/kg of body weight). The lipid composition of the myelin fraction isolated by means of differential centrifugation from brains of their offsprings was studied. The transplacentally intoxicated mice developed severe changes in the lipid composition of their central myelin sheaths, such as a markedly decreased galactolipid (both cerebroside and sulfatide) as well as plasmalogen contents. The results show, that besides being a well known carcinogenic agent, ENU is capable of affecting the lipid metabolism of the developing central nervous system. The resultant effect is the formation of a chemically defective myelin sheath.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Nervous system diseases in workers of a large metallurgical plant. II. Impact of occupational factors].

Correlation between some factors connected with work performance in a big metallurgical plant, employing approximately 16000 persons, and the occurrence of nervous system diseases was analysed. It was found that among the most frequent diseases of nervous system cured in neurological dispensary of a big metallurgical plant are: ischias, epilepsy, syndrome of subjective ailments following a past cranio-cerebral trauma and vasomotor headaches. The studies performed did not reveal any clear correlation between the character and arduousness of work and the type of nervous system diseases occurring most frequently in a big industrial (metallurgical) plant. The prevalence of ischias is not significantly dependent on occupational factors. The possibility of continuation of work or necessity to stop working in result of a nervous system disease depend on the type of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The effect of transplacental intoxication with ethylnitrosourea on myelin proteins.

Pregnant mice at the 15th day of gestation were injected with a single intravenous dose of ENU/80 mg/kg of body weight). The protein composition of the myelin fraction isolated by means of differential centrifugation from brains of the offsprings was studied. The results obtained lead to the following conclusions: 1. The myelin protein spectrum of transplacentally intoxicated animals aged 40 days postnatal, shows decreased percentages of the Wolfgram protein and of the low molecular weight basic protein, whereas the proportions of the high molecular weight component of the myelin basic protein as well that of the Agrawal's protein are elevated. 2. The alterations in the profile of myelin proteins obtained from experimental mice aged 70 days postnatal are less severe and consist in a decline of the percentage of Wolfgrams protein and elevation of the Agrawal's protein content. 3. The intraplacental intoxication of mouse fetuses leads to development of animals defective with respect to the protein composition of the central myelin.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Activity of acid: Co A ligase (AMP) in the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

In studies concerned with the activation of fatty acids, a metabolic step initiating the biosynthesis of fatty acids rendering them suitable for elongation, desaturation, esterification or degradation, we have demonstrated that the activity of acid: Co A ligase (AMP) -- E.C.6.2.1.3. is declined throughout the whole investigated period of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). This observation clearly indicates that in this experimental disease it is not only the increased catabolism of lipid constituents furnishing the various membraneous structures, including myelin sheats, but also an overall impaired capacity of synthesing new lipids by the diseased cells of the nervous system which must be taken into consideration.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Histoenzymic studies in the myelinopathy provoked by the cerebrospinal fluid exchange.

A histochemical study was performed on the activity of several phosphatases, esterases and oxidoreductases in the spinal cord of cat in the course of the myelinopathy provoked by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exchange. The following results were obtained: 1. Neuroglial cells of the spinal cord react with a slight, focal increase of TPP-ase activity already during the early stage of myelinopathy evoked by repeated withdrawal and reinjecting of CSF into the Cisterna magna of experimental cats. 2. During the late stage of this experimental disease-- the oligo-and astroglia of the spinal cord dtsplay considerably increased activities of ATP-ase, acP, and of various oxidoreductases. 3. The observed morphological and functional (increased enzymic activity) changes of the oligodendroglia as well as the demonstrable damage of myelin sheath, seem to be the results of vasogenous edema. 4. The results of investigations performed did not yield any arguments, which would speak in favour of the assumption, that the changes of the oligodendroglia cells function as the primary cause in the myelinopathy provoked by the CSF exchange, affecting secondary the myelin sheaths. 5. The decissively increased lysosomal acP activity in oligodendroglial cells of the spinal cord investigated during the early stage of this myelinopathy, accompanied by an evidently damaged Golgi apparatus, may be explained when the Golgi zone is not necessarily the only cellular site where acid phosphatase may be performed.

Animals↗