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Biomedical subjects

M Weiner

Publications and source records attributed to M Weiner.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Thin needle cholangiography: experience with 50 patients.

Thin needle cholangiography (TNC) was performed in 50 patients with obstructive jaundice or jaundice of obscure origin. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and safety of this procedure. TNC was performed by the technique described by Redeker et al. using the Chiba needle (JAMA 231:386, 1975). Obstructed ducts were successfully demonstrated in 100% of cases (29/29). Non-obstructed ducts were opacified in 12/21 (57%). Overall success was 82% (41/50). Two septic complications occurred. It is concluded that 1) TNC is a highly reliable, easy to perform and safe procedure in the evaluation of the jaundiced patient; 2) Accurate demonstration of the biliary anatomy by TNC provided important information which often in (10/50 = 20%) led to a change in diagnosis, avoidance of unnecessary procedures, and shortening of hospitalization; 3) Failure to visualize patients with non-dilated biliary ducts occurred with advanced chronic liver disease or fatty liver.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

A study of the critical bacterial inoculum to cause a stimulus to wound healing.

Results of previous work have shown that wounds infected with gram-negative bacteria may be stronger than uninfected wounds. The inoculum in these studies was about 2 X 10(7) organisms. Laparotomy wounds were swabbed with inocula of from 10(2) to 10(9) organisms, Escherichia coli. Only with inocula of 10(6) or greater were all parts of all wounds infected by gross inspection. All wounds inoculated with 10(7) organisms, or more, were significantly stronger than the wounds of the control group on the 14th day. A smaller inoculum--10(3) to 10(6)--also resulted in stronger wounds, but not consistently so.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The time at which infected postoperative wounds demonstrate increased strength.

It was again shown in this study that laparotomy wounds purposely infected with a known inoculum of live gram-negative bacteria exhibited greater tensile strength than did those in the normal control group. The organisms used were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The phenomenon was not present during the first ten days after wounding but was quite evident in wounds tested at 14 and 21 days. By histologic examination, there was evidence of much more new collagen in the wounds that exhibited increased strength.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Quantitation of local acidosis and hypoxia produced by infection.

Increased strength of healing incisions infected with E coli was demonstrated in this experiment. Efforts to measure respiratory gas tensions and pH in these incisions were unsuccessful. Therefore, these moieties were measured in normal and infected wound fluid contained in implanted wire cylinders. The wound fluid from infected cylinders was consistently more acidotic and had a lower pO2 and a higher pCO2 than fluid from unifected wound cylinders.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Transcriptional control of T4 coliphage-specific genes 30, 42, 43, rIIA, rIIB, and e.

Escherichia coli B/r (suo) was infected, at 30 degrees C, with T4Dam+, T4DamB24-amN82 (I-, 44-, DNA-negative phenotype), and T4DamN134amBL292 (33-, 55-, maturation-defective phenotype). A genetic ('transformation') assay was used to monitor transcription of genes 30 (polynucleotide ligase), 42 (deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase), 43 (DNA polymerase), rIIA, rIIB, and e (endolysin). The principal results are: (I) All of the genes studied were transcribed exlusively from the so-called l-strand of phage DNA. (2) DNA synthesis and the maturation-defective proteins were required to turn-off transcription of genes 42, rIIA, tIIB, and 43. Experiments performed with chloramphenicol suggested that all phage-specific proteins required to turn-off transcription of these genes were not present until 6 to 8 min post infection (p.i.). (3) During a normal developmental programme, gene 30 was transcribed throughout the eclipse. DNA-negative and maturation-defective conditions had no obvious effect on transcription of this gene. (4) During a normal lytic event, two discrete waves of gene e transcription were observed. The late wave was dependent upon DNA-synthesis and presence of functional maturation-defective proteins. The early wave was unaffected by DNA-negative or maturation-defective conditions. Experiments with chloramphenicol indicated that, if any virus-specific proteins are involved with regulation of early e transcription, such proteins are present by 3 min p.i. The data are interpreted to mean that early gene transcription is regulated by a minimum of two mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is fully operational by the 3rd min and, among the genes studied, controlled early e transcription. A second mechanism becomes operational between 6 and 8 min p.i. and controls transcription of genes 42, 43, rIIA, and rIIB.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Accelerated healing in infected wounds.

The effect of a standardized infection of pure and mixed cultures of gram-negative bacteria and a gram-positive coccus was studied in laparotomy wounds of rats. The infections were significantly stronger than in the control group wounds in 14 of 15 comparisons. This increased strength could not be correlated with an increased wound content of collagen. Results of histologic studies showed a vigorous inflammatory response which probably was responsible for the increased strength. There was a suggestion in our data to support the concept that certain bacteria evoke the proper inflammatory response to result in stronger wounds, while others provoke too little or too much inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Contrasting alterations in hepatic drug biotransformation of hexobarbital and p-chloro-N-methylaniline produced by prostaglandins.

The effect of prostaglandins (PGs) on the hepatic biotransformation of hexobarbital (Hechi) and p-chloro-N-methylaniline (PCMA) was determined in male rats. PCMA metabolism in slices was decreased by all PGs (PGA1, PGB1, PGE1, PGE2, PGF1alpha, PGF2alpha), ranging in concentration from 1 mu M to 1 mM. PGA1, at 1 mM, produced the greatest degree of inhibition, 39%. PG addition to microsomes, however, failed to alter PCMA metabolism. In contrast to PCMA biotransformation, Hechi metabolism was increased by all PGs in slices but not in liver subfractions. PGs of the E and F series were the most potent, producing a two-fold increase in Hechi metabolism at 1 mM after a 20 min preincubation. The increased effect was observed as early as 10 min and lasted for 4 hr. The relationship of PG metabolism and binding to cytochrome P-450 is presented as a possible mechanism to account for the opposite effects on Hechi and PCMA, type I and II substrates respectively, metabolism.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1975

Comparative effects of adenosine and adenine and guanine nucleotides on drug biotransformation in rats.

The effect of various nucleotides and adenosine on the hepatic biotransformation of hexobarbital sodium (HB) and p-chloro-N-methylaniline (PCMA) was determined in male rats. Intraperitoneal administration of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (DBcAMP), alone and in combination with theophylline, and the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-theophylline combination prolonged HB sleeping time by more than 70%. cAMP or dibutyryl cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (DBcGMP), alone or in combination with theophylline, failed to significantly alter the duration of HB-induced hypnosis. Plasma levels of HB upon awakening suggested that the increase in sleeping time was apparently not due to an altered sensitivity of the brain to the barbiturate. The effect appears to be related to an impairment of HB metabolism since only those compounds that inhibited HB oxidation when added to liver slices prolonged hypnosis. In addition, 5'-AMP, adenosine, and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) failed to alter HB biotransformation by liver slices. A similar pattern of impairment of metabolism by liver slices was observed when PCMA was used as the substrate. The inhibitory effect of DBcAMP was not altered by concurrent addition of either cGMP or DBcGMP. No impairment in the rate of microsomal PCMA biotransformation resulted from addition of adenosine or any of the nucleotides used in this study.

Adenine↗
PubMed1975

Compartive behavioral effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E1 in mice.

Three behavioral tests, spontaneous locomotor activity (SLMA), exploratory behavior (EB) and rotarod performance (RP), a measure of neuromuscular coordination, were used to stuey the interaction of PGE1 (1 mg/kg i.p., 10 min. pretreatment) with DBcAMP (25 mg/kg i.p., 25 min. pretreatment) in mice. A dose-response relationship of PGE1 (0.01-5.0 mg/kg) to SLMA was determined, with a significant decrease in SLMA produced by a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. decreases in SLMA were produced by PGE1 (79%), DBcAMP (41%) and DBcAMP-PGE1 combination (71%). Similar decreases in EB were observed. Although no significant difference between controls and DBcAMP was observed in RP, 52% of mice tested were RP failures following PGE1 and a 100% failure rate was induced by the combination. Mice were treated with a second injection of DBcAMP or PGE1 or the combination 24 hr following the first injection. Behavioral activity of these mice was observed 25 min (DBcAMP) or 10 min (PGE1) after the second dose was administered. A second injection of DBcAMP failed to decrease SLMA and EB from controls; moreover, SLMA began to return towards control levels as early as 2 hr between injections. The second injection of PGE1 or DBcAMP+PGE1 produced the same behavior as that produced by the first injection. On the basis of these results, the relationship of cyclic nucleotides and PGs to behavioral activity is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cardiobacterium homonis endocarditis. Characterization of the unusual organisms and review of the literature.

A case of subacute bacterial endocarditis in which Cardiobacterium hominis was isolated from the blood of a 55-year old woman who had rheumatic heart disease is reported. A survey of the literature revealed very few reports in which this organism has been implicated in human lesions. The colonies grew after 48 hours of incubation in a candle jar. They were small, convex, nonhemolytic, and oxidase-positive. The indole reaction was positive, the catalase and nitrate reactions were negative, and acid reaction was obtained from the following carbohydrates: glucose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose, and sorbitol. The morphologic and biochemical properties served to distinguish these organisms from similar bacteria implicated in human disease, such as Haemophilus aphrophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Streptobacillus moniliformis, and HB-1.

Bacteria↗