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Biomedical subjects

M Weiner

Publications and source records attributed to M Weiner.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Conservation withdrawal vs. depression in medically ill patients: Rorschach case study.

The psychological consultant in a general hospital may be asked to evaluate physically ill patients who present ambiguous clinical symptomatology. The differential diagnoses of depression from the normal (conservation-withdrawal) reaction to stress is particularly difficult. A case study is presented illustrating the Rorschach test findings of a patient who appeared depressed upon initial clinical examination, but who illustrates conservation-withdrawal, an adaptive nonpathological stress reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical investigation of terfenadine, a non-sedating antihistamine.

Terfenadine was evaluated for the relief of symptoms in patients with allergic pollinosis on a double-blind basis. Terfenadine 20 mg tid was as effective as Chlorpheniramine maleate 4 mg tid. Chlorpheniramine consistently showed a higher incidence of sedation than placebo. None of the terfenadein dosage schedules up to 200 mg tid caused sedation significantly different from that of placebo. Terfenadine appears to be the first antihistamine to lack significant central nervous system effects.

Benzhydryl Compounds↗
PubMed1980

The relationship of the cyclic nucleotide system to inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism in Walker 256 carcinoma-bearing rats.

The hepatic cyclic nucleotide system and hepatic monooxygenase activity were examined in male rats following intramuscular or subcutaneous Walker 256 carcinosarcoma transplantation. Twelve days of continuous s.c. tumor growth significantly increased hepatic cyclic AMP levels, while levels of cyclic GMP, cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b-5, and p-chloro-N-methylaniline metabolism were significantly decreased. Whole blood from 6 day i.m. tumor-bearing rats incubated with liver slices obtained from non-tumor-bearing rats produced significantly elevated hepatic cyclic AMP levels concurrent with significantly depressed hepatic p-chloro-N-methylaniline metabolism. The chronological monitoring of tumor growth demonstrated a close temporal relationship between decreased cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, microsomal metabolism of p-chloro-N-methylaniline, and the mixed-function oxidase system. Significant changes in these hepatic enzyme systems occurred as early as 17 hours following tumor transplantation. At this same time, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the appearance of a 184,000 molecular weight protein in hepatic tissue from all tumor-bearing rats. These studies are compatible with the proposal that the hepatic cyclic AMP system may modulate toxohormone effects on hepatic drug biotransformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The kinetics of inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism by prostaglandins in rabbits.

The in vitro effects of prostaglandin A1 and prostaglandin E1 on the hepatic microsomal metabolism of type I (aminopyrine) and type II (p-chloro-N-methylaniline and aniline) drug substrates in rabbits were investigated. Both prostaglandins competitively inhibited aminopyrine N-demethylation to the same extent with a 500 microM prostaglandin concentration decreasing metabolism by approximately 50 percent. Prostaglandin A1 and prostaglandin F1 decreased p-chloro-N-methylaniline biotransformation, and prostaglandin E1 depressed aniline metabolims, via mixed-inhibition kinetics. The degree of inhibition was greatest with aniline as substrate. Aniline (0.125 mM) metabolism was inhibitied 49 percent and 71 percent by 100 microM and 500 microM prostaglandin E1, respectively.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1979

The clinical significance of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic lupus erythematosus.

In a prospective study of 226 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 91 patients (40%) had Raynaud's phenomenon. These patients were compared to 135 patients without Raynaud's phenomenon. Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon had a greater incidence of arthritis (P less than 0.02), malar rash (P less than 0.003), and photosensitivity (P less than 0.03), and a lesser incidence of severe renal disease as manifested by serum creatinine over 3.0 mg/dl (P less than 0.007) or creatinine clearance below 60 ml/minute. Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon were less likely to have severe, life threatening disease and received a lower average monthly (P less than 0.01) and a lower peak daily corticosteroid dose (P less than 0.01). Fourteen patients (16%) with Raynaud's phenomenon died, compared to 41 without (30%) (P less than 0.03). Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with SLE is associated with milder disease and may be regarded as a favorable prognostic sign.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1979

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Immunologic studies of three generations of a single family.

A family consisting of eight members in three generations (age 10 months to 53 years) affected with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis was studied along with three unaffected relatives. Dermatophytosis, loss of teeth and recurrent viral infections were present in some members. Results of tests for endocrinologic, muscle or liver disease, thymoma, iron deficiency, antitissue antibodies and malabsorption were normal in all patients. Antibody function and levels, B cell counts, serum complement, leukocyte enzymes, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and adherence were normal in all members. Plasma inhibitors to lymphocyte transformation and leukocyte inhibitory factor were not found. No unique HLA haplotype or antigen segregated in this family. Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity revealed total cutaneous anergy in three of eight whereas four of the other five had negative lymphocyte transformation and skin tests to Candida but responded normally to other antigens. Leukocyte inhibitory factor was not produced to Candida antigen in all four patients tested. T cell counts were within normal limits in all. Extensive evaluation of all limbs of the immune system in this family revealed a defect in cell-mediated immunity to Candida that appeared to be inherited as a dominant characteristic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Simplified technique for sonication and processing of dental plaque samples.

A simplified method for processing dental plaque samples was devised and compared to previously used methods. Analysis of 36 nonstandardized subgingival plaque samples from various states of periodontal health and disease and 12 standardized supragingival plaque samples demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the recovery offered by the two techniques. Comparable recovery, increased convenience, and adaptation to the clinical setting suggests that implementation of this simplified technique may be of great value.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Clinical pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of nicotinic acid.

Evaluation of the biochemical fate of nicotinic acid and the pharmacologic responses it produces illustrate the following general principles. 1. Systemic bioavailability as judged by systemic blood and urine levels of a parent drug may not reflect its bioavailability at the liver, a frequent site of important drug action. 2. Since different pharmacologic effects can show different timedose and route-dose responses, and different degrees of tolerance to repeated doses of the same drug, caution is necessary in evaluating pharmaceutical preparations and making dosage recommendations solely on the basis of drug levels and drug metabolism data. 3. Pharmacologic effects requiring large doses might possibly reflect a need for prolonged exposure rather than high levels. In regard to nicotinic acid itself, the preferred hypocholisterolemic preparation for prolonged treatment may be one which yields little or no discernible blood levels of the drug, in contrast to the vascular effects which require rising nicotinic acid levels, and the fibrinolytic effect which requires parenteral dosage and to which tolerance is acutely developed.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1978

Gray-scale ultrasonography of the jaundiced patient.

In 143 jaundiced patients, ultrasound demonstrated the extrahepatic biliary system in 38% of those with medical and 74% of those with surgical jaundice. The size of the extrahepatic biliary system indicated that surgical was best differentiated from medical jaundice when 5 mm served as the upper normal limit for the common hepatic or common bile duct in patients without prior biliary surgery. Half of those patients with prior biliary bypass surgery had nondiagnostic sonograms. In 22% of the jaundiced patients, no additional imaging procedures were performed before definitive therapy. The role of ultrasound in evaluating jaundiced patients is discussed.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1978

Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects. Growth-related changes that occur between infancy and early adulthood.

Echocardiographic measurements of the left ventricular dimensions and wall thicknesses at end diastole and end systole, aortic root and left atrial dimensions, mitral valve E-F slope, left ventricular ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening of the left ventricular internal dimension, estimated left ventricular mass and percentage systolic thickening of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall were obtained in 105 normal subjects ranging from one day to 23 years of age. Each parameter was found to follow a linear regression upon one of three functions of the body surface area. The internal dimensions of left ventricle, the left atrium, and the aortic root, and the mitral valve E-F slope varied in a linear relation to the cube root of the body surface area. Thickness of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall varied in a linear relation to the square root of the body surface area. Estimated left ventricular mass varied linearly with the direct measurement of body surface area. Ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening of the left ventricle and percent systolic thickening of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall were independent of body surface area despite a marked increase in the size of the left ventricle during normal growth and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Computer analysis of factors influencing the appearance of aseptic necrosis in patients with SLE.

A computer analysis of 234 patients with SLE followed for an average of 31 months revealed 22 patients with aseptic necrosis of bone (AN) (9%), with projected frequency approaching 30% at 10-15 years of follow-up. Most patients developed between four and seven years after diagnosis of SLE. When compared to all other patients with SLE and no AN or to three computer-selected groups matched by age of SLE diagnosis, duration of disease, or cumulative corticosteroid dose, AN did not correlate with any of the preliminary ARA criteria, total number of criteria fulfilled, renal disease, skin vasculitis, or disease activity. Although all patients received corticosteroid therapy prior to development of AN, no correlation was found with duration, peak dose, or cumulative dose of corticosteroid therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Gray-scale ultrasonography and thin-needle cholangiography. Evaluation in the jaundiced patient.

Gray-scale ultrasonography (GSU) and thin-needle cholangiography (TNC) were performed in 35 consecutive patients with unexplained jaundice. The status of the biliary tree was correctly assessed by GSU in 33 of 35 cases (94%); in two patients technical difficulty prevented definitive assessment. Neither false-positive nor false-negative results were encountered. There were no discrepancies between the results of GSU and TNC. We conclude that GSU provides a safe, highly reliable method of assessing the jaundiced patient and should be the preferred initial procedure in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with jaundice when the major differential lies between the medical and surgical types. If GSU does not demonstrate a dilated biliary system, TNC is unnecessary, and other diagnostic studies should be undertaken.

Cholangiography↗