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Biomedical subjects

M Viander

Publications and source records attributed to M Viander.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Role of Ia-positive cells in the lymphocyte responses to Yersinia.

Activation of T lymphocytes by an antigen requires joint recognition of the antigen and the class-II HLA determinants on the membrane of the antigen-presenting cells (APC). Patients with reactive arthritis exhibit a depressed lymphocyte transformation response to Yersinia, suggesting a possible immunoregulatory disturbance in these patients. In this study the role of Ia (class-II HLA antigen)-positive APC in the lymphocyte response to a complex antigen, whole Yersinia bacterium, was evaluated. The results demonstrate that Ia-positive cells are necessary for the T-lymphocyte response to Yersinia. The role of APC in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

IgM, IgG, and IgA synthesis in vitro in persons suffering from yersinia arthritis and in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

In ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in yersinia arthritis the main findings in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) studies have been raised IgA in AS and a high anti-yersinia IgA and IgG response and the persistence of IgA class antibodies in yersinia arthritis. In order to study predisposition to high IgA response in AS and yersinia arthritis we measured the in-vitro Ig production in patients with AS and in persons who have once had yersinia arthritis, and we compared it with the Ig production in persons who have had yersiniosis but recovered without getting arthritis and with that in healthy controls. IgA secretion by peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen was the same in all 4 groups, and no signs of higher IgA production in AS patients could be found. In AS patients lymphocyte activation by whole yersinia bacteria resulted in higher total IgG production than in healthy controls. The total number of plaque-forming cells in yersinia-stimulated cultures was significantly higher in persons who have had yersiniosis without arthritis than in persons who have suffered from yersinia arthritis or in persons in other groups. AS patients had low IgM production, which reverted to normal when hydrocortisone was added to the culture. The in-vitro Ig production in general did not correlate with the presence of the HLA B27 antigen but rather with the clinical history of the subjects studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Morphologic alterations in cultured human synovial fibroblasts induced by blood mononuclear cells.

Effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on cultured synovial fibroblasts were studied. When mononuclear cells from normal or rheumatoid blood were incubated on synovial fibroblast cultures, a part of the cells adhered to the fibroblasts. They were mainly T lymphocytes but also some B lymphocytes and monocytes. After a 10-hour incubation, adhered mononuclear cells induced morphologic alterations to synovial fibroblasts: appearance of stellate cells and thinning and branching of fibroblasts. No changes were seen when the cells were incubated in the presence of indomethacin. Cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 rheumatoid patients was also tested against three rheumatoid and three normal synovial fibroblast strains. Only 2 out of 48 combinations were cytotoxicity. The potentially cytotoxic mononuclear cells were bound equally well to rheumatoid and control synovial fibroblast cultures.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Influence of whole-body PUVA treatments on human peripheral blood NK cell activity.

Recent animal studies have demonstrated the importance of cancer surveillance in determining susceptibility to UV-induced cancers. On the other hand, even subcarcinogenic UV doses have been shown to suppress cancer surveillance immune mechanisms in experimental animals. To find out if photochemotherapy may compromise human cancer surveillance mechanisms, natural killer (NK) cell activity was monitored during PUVA treatment for up to 38 irradiations in dermatological patients. A significant depression of basal NK activity was seen during the first 4 to 24 irradiations in psoriatic patients. Thereafter, an increase toward starting values was seen in assays performed at high effector to target (E:T) ratios, but not at low ones. The maximal (interferon-boosted) NK activity, however, remained unchanged during the therapy, due to an increased sensitivity to IFN augmentation. The results are interpreted as a redistribution in the proportions of immature and mature NK cells. Thus, no serious effects of PUVA treatment on human natural resistance against cancer could be demonstrated, but longer follow up studies are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lymphocyte transformation responses to gram negative bacteria after Yersinia and Salmonella infection: the importance of enterobacterial common antigen for the response.

Increased lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses have been observed in Yersinia infections both against the causative bacterium and against other enterobacteria. The responses of patients with reactive arthritis are lower than those of non-arthritic patients. We have now studied the LT responses against several gram negative bacteria and against a pair of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) positive and ECA negative Salmonella typhimurium strains in patients after Yersinia or Salmonella infection. The haptenic ECA alone seemed not to be responsible for the increased LT responses. We conclude that some other common antigenic determinants present on the bacteria are responsible for the LT response.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

IgA antigliadin antibodies: a marker of mucosal damage in childhood coeliac disease.

Antigliadin antibodies in serum samples of 31 children with coeliac disease were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique. In young patients (less than 2 years) tested before gluten withdrawal IgA antigliadin antibody levels were invariably above the levels of 36 controls. The titres fell rapidly when gluten was eliminated from the diet and rose on its reintroduction. The titres were not always greater than the control level in older untreated patients. IgA antigliadin antibodies seem to be a good marker of the immune reaction in the jejunum triggered by gluten. In 2 IgA-deficient patients gluten challenge caused an increase in IgM antigliadin antibodies, and at the same time the number of IgM-containing cells increased in the jejunal mucosa. Rising IgG antigliadin antibody levels after gluten elimination were seen in 6 patients, 5 of whom had very low complement C3 levels before gluten elimination.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Actinomyces israelii in osteoradionecrosis of the jaws. Histopathologic and immunocytochemical study of five cases.

Five surgically treated patients with osteoradionecrosis of the jaws are presented. The clinical history of the disease varied from 3 to 17 years. In three cases the progression of the disease was enhanced by surgical procedures performed in the irradiated area causing exfoliation of the premaxillary area in one case and spontaneous mandibular fracture in two cases. Actinomyces israelii was demonstrated in tissue sections of all five cases by using FITC-labeled specific antiserum and additionally with peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in one case. Candida was found in histologic sections of three cases. Radiation damage in the oral soft tissues and jawbones makes the atmosphere favorable for anaerobic microorganisms. The present results indicate that the role of A. israelii in the pathogenesis of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws has not been fully appreciated.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Depressed lymphocyte transformation by yersinia and Escherichia coli in yersinia arthritis.

Lymphocyte transformation responses were studied in 21 patients with acute yersinia infection followed-up after the acute infection for up to one year. Eight patients had reactive arthritis caused by yersinia. The responses to the causative serotype of yersinia were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in patients with arthritis than in those without arthritis. Stimulation with Escherichia coli gave lower responses than with yersinia, but with E. coli the difference between arthritic and nonarthritic groups was more significant (p less than 0.02). The responses to yersinia and E. coli were not correlated with the presence of HLA B27. Lymphocyte transformation by purified protein derivative of tuberculin, streptokinase-streptodornase, phytohaemagglutinin, or concanavalin-A revealed no significant differences between the arthritic and nonarthritic groups. The role of the enterobacterial common antigen in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Basic and interferon-augmented natural killer (NK) cell activity in psoriasis.

The natural killer (NK) cell activity of lymphocytes from 24 psoriatic patients was compared with that of 34 normal controls and 19 patients with non-psoriatic dermatoses. In the range of effector/target cell ratios used (6.25 to 100), the basal NK cell activity level was similar in the three groups. Moreover, both interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) augmented the NK cell activity to the same extent in psoriasis as in the two control groups. We conclude that this important natural cancer surveillance mechanism is functioning properly in psoriatic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Natural killer cell activity in atopic dermatitis.

Natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 cells was studied in 12 male adults with atopic dermatitis (AD). In a 4-h chromium release microcytotoxicity assay normal NK cell function and its augmentation by interferon (IFN-alpha) were observed in AD patients. Slightly higher NK cell activity was observed in patients with allergic respiratory symptoms. The role of NK cells in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cell-mediated immunity in untreated and PUVA treated atopic dermatitis.

In 22 adult patients with atopic dermatitis, lymphocyte subpopulation counts, mitogenic responses to several PHA and Con A concentrations, nonspecific mitogen induced, and indomethacin sensitive suppressor cell functions and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production were investigated. Patients with severe atopic dermatitis had normal PHA and Con A responses, although somewhat lower than matched controls, while mild AD patients equalled controls in this respect. No significant differences between AD patients and controls were detected with respect to lymphocyte subpopulations, suppressor cell function or leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production. Methoxalen plus ultraviolet light (PUVA) therapy induced significant clinical improvement in 9 out of 10 treated patients. A concomitant decrease of the mitogenic responses and increase of the Con A induced nonspecific suppressor cell activity was recorded, while other immunological parameters remained unaffected by the therapy. Thus PUVA therapy induces both local clinical and systemic immunological manifestations. The possibility that the observed immunological changes would be operative in the PUVA induced healing process, however, seems unlikely, as the present study did not disclose any obvious relationship between immune parameters and severity of atopic dermatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Comparison of fluorescent antibody technique and conventional staining methods in diagnosis of cervico-facial actinomycosis.

Eight formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies with a histopathology suggestive of actinomycosis, were tested with fluorescent antibody technique using antiserum specific against Actinomyces israelii. The method was found effective even in decalcified tissue material. Positive fluorescent staining resulted, not only in the colonies but also in the surrounding cells, suggesting the presence of intracellular Actinomyces antigens. The possibility of retrospective biopsy study is very helpful in cases of prolonged infections. Grocott's stain was found to be most effective conventional method for screening suspected actinomycosis.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1982

Dog serum albumin as an allergen. IgE, IgG and lymphocyte responses in dog dander-sensitive asthmatic children.

To study the allergenicity of dog serum albumin (DSA) in dog-sensitive subjects, we investigated 203 asthmatic children by means of the skin prick test (SPT), the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test. Significant SPT reactions to DSA were observed in only 9 out of 80 subjects with a significantly positive SPT reaction to dog dander and hair (DDH). Analogously, positive DSA RAST results were observed only in a minority of the cases with a positive DDH RAST. Significant SPT reactions to DSA were not observed in subjects with a negative clinical history of dog allergy, or in subjects with a negative reaction to DDH in the SPT or in the provocation test. DSA induced remarkable lymphocyte stimulation in only 1 subject, who also had a significant SPT reaction to DSA. DSA-specific serum IgG antibody titers measured by ELISA were not found to correlate with DSA SPT or DSA RAST.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Puva photohyposensitization in polymorphous light eruptions: evaluation of systemic immunological factors.

Systemic immunological parameters were monitored in 26 polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) patients prior to, during and after photochemotherapy by either an oral or topical (bath) regimen. Pre-therapy investigations showed a normal immune status as regards the numbers of peripheral T-cells as well as the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA, ConA and PPD. Measurement of the immunological parameters after four PUVA exposures revealed a statistically significant increase in the lymphocyte PHA responses. After the completion of a PUVA course of some 20 irradiations, normalized PHA responses were found. The total lymphocyte count increased slightly during the treatment but the relative numbers of T- and B-cells changed very little. The immunological changes observed were of only moderate strength and it remains doubtful whether they play any major role in the hyposensitizing effect of PUVA irradiations in PMLE.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Antigens and allergens in birch pollen extract.

More than 70% of the total allergenic activity of a birch pollen (BP) extract was detected within the first 30 min of extraction. Fractionation of the BP extract by gel filtration and analysis of the eluted antigens by a fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis revealed at least three antigens with molecular weights of about 29 000, and 17 000-10 000, corresponding to antigens Nos. 7-8 and No. 2, respectively, in crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and in crossed-radioimmuno-electrophoresis (CRIE). Gel isoelectrofocusing of the pooled allergenic fractions revealed two major protein bands with pI's around 5.6 and 5.7, probably corresponding to antigens Nos.7-8 and No. 2, respectively. Antigens Nos. 7-8 were thermoresistant, while antigen No. 2 was thermolabile. The allergenic activity was determined by prick skin testing and by the RAST inhibition method. More than 90% of the allergenic activity in the fractions was located in the protein peak C (mol. wt. 10 000-17 000) containing antigens 7-8. About 30% of the total allergenic activity of the extract (1:10 w/v) was recovered in the peak C fractions, and only less than 0.5% outside these fractions. Higher allergenic activity was obtained for the peak B fractions (mol. wt. 29 000) by skin prick testing than by the RAST. Peak B contained allergens (antigen 2) distinct from those of peak C by the CRIE and by the RAST. The allergenic material in the low molecular weight fractions of peak D (mol. wt. 2000-5000) was allergenically similar to that of peak C in the RAST. Only weak and even negative skin reactions were observed with the peak D fractions in allergic subjects.

Allergens↗