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Biomedical subjects

M Viander

Publications and source records attributed to M Viander.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Allergic reaction to an amide local anesthetic in segmental epidural analgesia.

A very serious case of anaphylactoid reaction to bupivacaine occurred during epidural analgesia. A rise in complement 3 activation products and a decrease in immunoglobulin E were observed, while bupivacaine toxicity was ruled out by normal serum concentration. Severe maternal hypotension, and a sudden decrease in the fetal heart rate were detected clinically. By a cesarean section, a baby girl was delivered, who at the age of 1 year appears normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

IgA anti-endomysial antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis: correlation with jejunal morphology, gluten-free diet and anti-gliadin antibodies.

Circulating IgA-class anti-endomysium antibodies (EmA) can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence on monkey oesophagus sections. We found EmA in 22 (76%) of 29 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) on a normal, gluten-containing diet. The highest frequency (100%) of EmA was observed in patients with sub-total villous atrophy. IgA-class antigliadin antibodies (AGA) were found using an ELISA method in 59% of 29 DH patients and in 86% of those with sub-total villous atrophy. There was a significant correlation between EmA titres and AGA levels in individual patients. Gluten-free diet (GFD) treatment caused a rapid decrease in EmA titres; only three of the 12 patients still showed raised EmA after 6-12 months on a GFD and two of these three had failed to adhere to a strict diet. In contrast, no decrease in EmA titres occurred in four patients maintained on a normal diet, and two of the three patients with initially negative EmA developed positive titres when continuing on a normal diet. These results show that both IgA-class EmA and AGA are good indicators of jejunal damage in DH. The rapid fall of EmA titres after gluten withdrawal indicates that this test is also useful for monitoring a patient's adherence to a GFD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Leukocyte migration inhibition test in children with cow milk allergy.

The usefulness of the leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) test to detect cow milk (CM) hypersensitivity was studied in 40 children with suspected allergy to CM. Hypersensitivity was carefully investigated by oral milk challenges, which gave a final confirmation of cow milk hypersensitivity in 12 subjects, and excluded it in the remaining 28 subjects. Leukocyte migration inhibition was measured using beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), alpha-lactalbumin (ALA), alpha-casein (ACA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigens. IgA and IgG antibodies to these antigens were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IgE antibodies to these antigens and to CM by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Skin prick test with CM was performed in 38 subjects, and with BLG, ALA, ACA and BSA in 29 subjects. Leukocyte migration was more often inhibited by cow milk antigens in the CM challenge positive (CM+) subjects than in the challenge negative (CM-) subjects. Of the specific milk antigens, ALA was the most potent inhibitor, and gave a positive LIF test result in all CM+ subjects, and significantly (P less than 0.02) less often (15/24) in CM- subjects. Also in the skin prick test and RAST, ALA gave positive results more often than the other milk antigens. BLG, ACA and BSA had an inhibiting effect on leukocyte migration, but the difference between the CM+ and CM- subjects was not statistically significant. Two of the 12 CM+ subjects had no demonstrable IgE antibodies to CM proteins; both of them, however, had a positive LIF test with at least one of the CM antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to Actinomyces and Arachnia species.

Polyclonal (PoAbs) and monoclonal (MoAbs) antibodies were produced to Actinomyces israelii serotypes 1 and 2, to Actinomyces naeslundii, and to Arachnia propionica, and their specificities were studied by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). All PoAbs except those to A. propionica reacted also with at least one other Actinomyces species. Only the MoAb to A. naeslundii proved to be more specific than the corresponding PoAbs. This MoAb did not crossreact with other Actinomyces or Arachnia species, nor with any other anaerobic or aerobic bacteria studied by inhibition EIA. Immunoblotting studies indicated that the antibody specific to A. naeslundii is directed against a large molecular weight antigen (greater than 150 kd), probably polysaccharide in nature. The produced PoAbs and MoAbs can be used for further analyses of the antigenic determinants of different Actinomyces and Arachnia species.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1987

Adherent cells from rheumatoid synovia: identity of HLA-DR positive stellate cells.

Rheumatoid synovia were enzymatically digested and the in vitro morphology of different types of plastic adherent cells was observed. Four main types of cells were found after 24 hours in culture: stellate cells which had nuclei resembling those of classical cultured fibroblasts, but which stained positively with I2 antibody (anti-HLA-DR antibody); fibroblastic cells; cells which resembled morphologically in vitro macrophages and which were I2 and OKM-1 positive; round monocytes. The stellate cells did not stain with anti-S-100 or OKT-6 antibodies, which are used to detect classical antigen presenting dendritic cells. Furthermore, in the presence of indomethacin the stellate shaped cells were replaced by new I2 positive cells with a typical fibroblast shape. These results support the view that the stellate cells in synovial cell cultures represent HLA-DR positive fibroblasts, probably B cells of synovial lining.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the detection of human IgG antibodies to dog allergens.

A double-sandwich enzyme immunoassay (DSEIA) was developed for the detection of human IgG antibodies to dog dander and hair (DH) allergens. Since DH allergens are immunogenic in rabbits, the gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit antiserum to DH (RGG-a-DH; 10 micrograms/ml) was used for coating of polystyrene microtiter plates. Dog allergens (1 microgram/ml of DH extract) were bound to RGG-a-DH. Binding of human IgG Ab to nonimmune RGG (10 micrograms/ml)--used as a background control--was substracted from the DH specific one and nonspecific binding was further eliminated by using 0.5% of normal rabbit serum in the dilution buffer. Sera were diluted 1:10 in this buffer. Specificity of the assay was shown by absorption experiments: protein A, anti-IgE discs (Phadebas PRIST) and dog or birch (e5, t3; Phadebas RAST) allergen discs were used to remove total and allergen specific IgG and IgE, respectively. The results were expressed as net absorbances or as a percentage of a reference serum. A significant correlation (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001) between IgG (DSEIA) and IgE (RAST) antibodies to dog allergens was observed in 40 untreated dog allergic subjects. The DSEIA was found to be more sensitive than conventional ELISA in detecting IgG Ab in 15 asthmatic children during hyposensitization: a significant rise was observed in 14 compared to 12 with ELISA, while no significant increases were observed in the placebo-treated group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sensitization to storage mites and other work-related and common allergens among Finnish dairy farmers.

Skin-tests with the prick technique were made on 121 dairy farmers with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma (symptomatic subjects), 64 dairy farmers without respiratory symptoms (asymptomatic subjects), and 26 non-farming controls. The antigen panel consisted of the storage mites Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, as well as other work-related allergens (cereal grains, animal epithelia, fungi and yeasts), and common allergens (house dust mite, pollens). Mean areas of weals formed by individual allergens were adjusted by analysis of covariance for age, sex, and atopic background (past or present atopic dermatitis including infantile eczema). Adjusted mean weal areas for almost all allergens, except pollens and few other allergens, were significantly larger in farmers than in non-farming controls. In contrast, only skin reactions to cow dander, to a non-dialyzed crude preparation of fodder yeast Candida utilis, and to Candida albicans distinguished symptomatic subjects from asymptomatic ones. Stepwise discriminant analysis, in which reactions to all allergens as well as age, sex, and atopy were taken into account simultaneously, revealed that reactions to a dialysed preparation of fodder yeast best distinguished symptomatic farmers from asymptomatic ones. C. utilis and C. albicans may be cross-reactive. The results imply that skin tests alone are of limited value in the search for work-related causes of rhinitis or asthma among dairy farmers. Our study confirms the importance of cow dander as an occupational allergen in dairy farming. Fodder yeast seems to be another important occupational sensitizer.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Virulence-plasmid is associated with the inhibition of opsonization in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Plasmid-cured variants of virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis were obtained by selection after growth in calcium-deficient medium. To obtain antigen preparations consisting of whole bacteria the original plasmid-containing strains and the plasmid-cured variants were grown in conditions favouring expression of the temperature-inducible outer membrane proteins of Yersinia (YOP) (37 degrees C, calcium-deficient culture medium). The presence or absence of the YOP on the bacteria was verified by immunoblotting. Opsonophagocytosis of YOP-negative Yersinia preparations (YOP-) was compared to that of YOP-containing ones (YOP+) in human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL) assay. The attachment of complement C3b on the surface of the bacteria after opsonization with normal human serum was determined by using a fluorescent anti-C3c-antibody and flow cytometry. YOP+ bacteria resisted opsonization in the absence of specific antibodies, as indicated by diminished C3b-fixation on bacteria and weaker CL response. This implies that virulence-plasmid-coded structures provide Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis with an ability to avoid complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Serum-sickness-like disease is a common cause of acute arthritis in children.

Among 283 children in a prospective study of arthritis we found 15 patients with a self-limited serum-sickness-like disease consisting of urticaria or joint erythema and mostly polyarticular arthritis. The mean duration of joint symptoms was 5.9 days. A preceding infection was reported in 12 patients and 12 had received drugs, the therapy starting on average 12.8 days before the onset of joint symptoms. In 9 cases the drug was penicillin. Four patients had recurrent attacks. Circulating immune complexes were detected in the serum of 12 patients, but specific IgE antibodies to penicillin only in 3 patients. The estimated annual incidence of the condition was 4.7/100,000 children under age 16.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunotherapy in allergy to dog. Immunologic and clinical findings of a double-blind study.

Twenty-seven dog-allergic asthmatic children with no pets in the home were included in the study. The clinical trial was performed as a double-blind study using a commercial standardized aluminum hydroxide-bound dog dander and hair extract or histamine-placebo. The patients were randomized into the active treatment or the placebo group on the basis of the RAST (e5) and the provocation test with aqueous dog dander and hair extract. The good clinical response of immunotherapy with dog dander and hair extract has been reported earlier. The specific immunotherapy resulted in an increase in the serum level of antigen-specific IgG antibodies (P less than .01) and a decrease in the skin sensitivity to dog extract (P less than .001) in the active treatment group when compared with the placebo group. The treatment was well-tolerated. No systemic reactions occurred and local reactions were mild. The results show a good immunologic response with a standardized dog dander and hair extract. There were no major changes in the course of bronchial asthma in either group. After 1 year of immunotherapy the subjects had no symptoms on a dog-exposure of short duration. This must be carefully emphasized when considering the indications for immunotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Immunocytochemical demonstration of Actinomyces species and Arachnia propionica in periapical infections.

Immunocytochemical methods were used for the demonstration of Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii and Arachnia propionica in bacterial colonies found in 7 routine biopsies from periapical inflammatory lesions. All 3 species were found in one specimen, both A. israelii and A. propionica in 3 specimens, and one of each species in the remaining 3 biopsies. Specificity controls by enzyme immunoassay showed that antiserum to A. israelii reacted also with A. odontolyticus, and that to A. naeslundii with A. viscosus, while antiserum to A. propionica did not show any cross-reactions with Actinomyces species. The results indicate that immunocytochemical methods can be used for the diagnosis of periapical actinomycosis at the species level. Actinomyces and Arachnia species seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of complicated periapical infections.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1985

Effect of oral retinoid treatment on human natural killer cell activity.

Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity was screened in patients with non-malignant disorders of the skin who took oral etretinate or 13-cis-retinoic acid for up to 11 months. Compared to pretreatment values, the basic NK activity rose during the first 2 months of treatment, but thereafter returned to starting values. Interferon reactivity (IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma) was essentially unaltered by the treatment. It is concluded that moderate oral retinoid doses cause a mild, transient stimulation of this natural immune surveillance system in man.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Antigliadin antibodies and gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis.

IgA and IgG class antigliadin antibodies (AGA) were analysed with ELISA technique from serum samples of 30 dermatitis herpetiformis patients. Jejunal biopsies were performed to all patients before any treatment and high levels of IgA class AGA were found to be associated with subtotal villous atrophy. Fourteen patients started gluten-free diet (GFD) which caused a significant decrease in both IgA and IgG class AGA. The decrease of IgA AGA was faster than that of IgG AGA and IgA antibody levels fell to normal range during the GFD treatment in all but one patient. In contrast, 5 out of 8 patients followed on normal died showed increasing IgA AGA levels and all of them had a rise in IgG AGA. IgA and IgG class antibodies to cow's milk were also measured in these patients but in contrast to AGA the diets had no clearcut effect on these antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of UVA and UVB irradiation on human epidermal Langerhans cell membrane markers defined by ATPase activity and monoclonal antibodies (OKT 6 and anti-Ia).

Healthy human volunteers were irradiated with graded doses of UVA and UVB radiation on the volar aspect of their forearms. The UVA doses ranged from 8 to 100 J/cm2, and the UVB doses from 37 to 416 mJ/cm2, corresponding to 5 to 52 mJ/cm2 of erythemally effective (300 nm) radiation (1/4-3 X MED). 7 days after irradiation, punch biopsy specimens were obtained from UVA and UVB irradiated spots. Epidermal sheets were stained for Langerhans cells (LC) using 3 different histochemical methods, viz: ATPase activity and immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies against T6 and Ia antigens. A slightly higher control LC count was obtained with anti-T6 staining (848 cells/mm2) than with anti-Ia or ATPase staining (728 and 721 cells/mm2 respectively). No significant change in LC count was detected with any of the staining methods after UVA doses of up to 100 J/cm2. In contrast, UVB irradiation caused a dose-dependent decrease in the LC counts. The decrease was quite similar whether measured by anti-T6 or anti-Ia staining. With ATPase staining, the decrease in LC numbers was somewhat more pronounced at low to medium UVB doses, but at the dose of 416 mJ/cm2 (52 mJ of erythemally effective UVB, corresponding to approx. 3 X MED), the residual LC count as determined with any of the 3 histochemical methods was within the range of 23-30% of the control LC count. We conclude that the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme, ATPase, is more sensitive to abrogation by moderate UVB doses than the immunological reactivity of the 2 surface antigens, T6 and Ia.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Antigens and allergens in birch pollen extract.

More than 70% of the total allergenic activity of a birch pollen (BP) extract was detected within the first 30 min of extraction. Fractionation of the BP extract by gel filtration and analysis of the eluted antigens by a fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis revealed at least three antigens with molecular weights of about 29 000, and 17 000-10 000, corresponding to antigens Nos. 7-8 and No. 2, respectively, in crossed-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and in crossed-radioimmuno-electrophoresis (CRIE). Gel isoelectrofocusing of the pooled allergenic fractions revealed two major protein bands with pI's around 5.6 and 5.7, probably corresponding to antigens Nos.7-8 and No. 2, respectively. Antigens Nos. 7-8 were thermoresistant, while antigen No. 2 was thermolabile. The allergenic activity was determined by prick skin testing and by the RAST inhibition method. More than 90% of the allergenic activity in the fractions was located in the protein peak C (mol. wt. 10 000-17 000) containing antigens 7-8. About 30% of the total allergenic activity of the extract (1:10 w/v) was recovered in the peak C fractions, and only less than 0.5% outside these fractions. Higher allergenic activity was obtained for the peak B fractions (mol. wt. 29 000) by skin prick testing than by the RAST. Peak B contained allergens (antigen 2) distinct from those of peak C by the CRIE and by the RAST. The allergenic material in the low molecular weight fractions of peak D (mol. wt. 2000-5000) was allergenically similar to that of peak C in the RAST. Only weak and even negative skin reactions were observed with the peak D fractions in allergic subjects.

Allergens↗