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Biomedical subjects

M Trautmann

Publications and source records attributed to M Trautmann.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Protective effect of Pseudomonas-specific immunoglobulin from the rabbit and of active immunization in experimental Pseudomonas sepsis in mice].

Using the model of an experimental Pseudomonas septicemia in mice, the protective effect of specific antipseudomonal immunoglobulin from rabbits was examined. During bacterial spreading in the bloodstream, a protective effect could be demonstrated under certain conditions. The degree of protection was equivalent to that achieved by active immunization. After bacterial colonization and replication in parenchymal organs no further therapeutic effect could be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Dracunculosis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Laennec. The bicentenary of the birth of the author of "auscultation mèdiate" (author's transl)].

R. T. H. Laennec (17. 2. 1781-13. 8. 1826), the founder of the principles of auscultation, started from poor beginnings to become the leading clinician of France. In the prime of life, holder of two chairs of clinical medicine and physician to prominent persons in public life, Laennec contracted pulmonary tuberculosis, which led to his death at his home in Brittany at the early age of 45 years. Laennec is still remembered by posterity as the inventor of the stethoscope and author of a pioneering textbook on diseases of the heart and lungs, which is still worth reading today.

Auscultation↗
PubMed1981

[Exudative pleurisy in infectious mononucleosis (author's transl)].

Three cases of infectious mononucleosis with concomitant exudative pleurisy are reported. In two of the patients atypical lymphocytes were detected in the pleural punctate. The effusion was sterile in all three cases. Involvement of the pleura in the general lymphoproliferative process in infectious mononucleosis is discussed as a pathogenetic mechanism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal recycling and substitution of haemofiltrate in dogs.

Haemofiltrate was administered into the duodenum of 5 ambulatory dogs through an implanted silastic catheter at a rate of 5-10 ml/min. None of the dogs presented signs of discomfort or suffered from regurgitation or diarrhoea. All 5 dogs had solid stools, enhanced diuresis and no change in body weight over a time period of 8 hours. Filtration rates between 5 and 10 ml/min were obtained in 7 dogs after connecting an Amicon in-line Ultrafilter with an external a.v. shunt. The intestinal recycling rate via the duodenal tube as a rule was 2 ml/min lower than the free flow ultrafiltration. Recirculation of autologous haemofiltrate in 5 uraemic dogs indicated unselective reabsorption of all electrolytes and small molecules. In 5 experiments with intestinal substitution of ultrafiltrate by a potassium-free Ringer's lactate solution, correction of acidosis and decrease in plasma potassium, creatinine and BUN was achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence and intensity of mottled teeth (fluorosis) in regions where the drinking water has different contents of magnesium and calcium, respectively (author's transl)].

A total of 1612 seven- to sixteen-year-olds of both sexes were included in a study of which the purpose was to determine whether different concentrations of magnesium and calcium, respectively, in the drinking water (Ore Mountains) have any effects upon the mottling of the enamel of permanent incisors. It was not possible to determine an epidemiological relationship, but what could be reconfirmed was that the incidence and intensity of mottled teeth correspond with the drinking water fluorine level.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cefsulodin in the treatment of Pseudomonas meningitis].

Three patients with meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in one patient following a neurosurgical procedure and in two patients following severe head trauma with multiple skull bone fractures and liquorrhea) were treated with cefsulodin in combination with other antibiotics (aminoglycosides/acylureido penicillins). All of the patients were cured. Two patients received intraventricular administrations of aminoglycosides in addition to systemically applied antibiotics. After recurrence of pseudomonas meningitis in one patient in spite of the intraventricular application of an aminoglycoside, definite cure could only be obtained by additional intraventricular application of cefsulodin. The third patient was cured by systemic administration of cefsulodin and amikacin. The value of cefsulodin is discussed with reference to obtainable ventricular and lumbar CSF concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antiserum against Escherichia coli J5: a re-evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo activity against heterologous gram-negative bacteria.

Antiserum against Escherichia coli J5, a "rough" mutant of E. coli 0111, has been reported to confer broad-spectrum protection against serologically unrelated gram-negative bacteria. In order to re-evaluate these findings, we examined the influence of rabbit antiserum against E. coli J5 on the phagocytosis of heterologous gram-negative bacteria by rabbit granulocytes in vitro and its ability to protect mice against gram-negative bacterial infection. In vitro, J5 antiserum enhanced the phagocytosis of E. coli 0111, E. coli 06 and Serratia marcescens 06/014:H2 when compared to normal rabbit serum. However, J5 antiserum did not enhance the phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 9. In vivo, the protective effect of J5 antiserum against lethal gram-negative infection was not superior to that of normal (pre-immune) serum with the exception of E. coli 0111 septicemia. In contrast, type-specific antiserum against each of the smooth gram-negative bacteria markedly enhanced phagocytosis in vitro and exerted significant protection in vivo. Thus, in this study antiserum against E. coli J5 proved to be of limited value for opsonization of gram-negative bacteria and protection against gram-negative bacterial infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental Klebsiella septicemia in mice: treatment with specific antibodies from the rabbit alone and in combination with gentamicin.

Using a model of an experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia in mice, we examined the therapeutic effect of passively administered specific antibacterial antibodies from rabbits. Both specific IgM and IgG antibody proved to be therapeutically effective. However, the effect of IgG was markedly superior to that of IgM with regard both to the degree of protection and the time interval allowing efficient therapy after infection. The effect of IgG was due to a marked enhancement of in vivo phagocytosis, as demonstrated by monitoring bacterial numbers in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. In mice immunocompromised with cyclophosphamide, treatment with IgG still exerted protection against low challenge inocula. When higher inocula were used, treatment with IgG ceased to influence the final mortality rates but delayed the course of the disease for several days by transient reduction of bacterial numbers in the parenchymal organs. In both normal and immunocompromised mice, concomitant treatment with gentamicin resulted in a marked synergistic enhancement of survival.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative efficacy of ciprofloxacin, azlocillin, imipenem/cilastatin and tobramycin in a model of experimental septicemia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in neutropenic mice.

The in vivo activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied in a septicemia model in neutropenic mice and compared to that of other antibiotics with established activity against P. aeruginosa. When given as a single agent, ciprofloxacin proved to be as effective as imipenem/cilastatin, whereas azlocillin and tobramycin were rather ineffective. After infection with higher challenge inocula, combinations of two (synergistic) antibiotics were more effective than single agent therapy in most instances. The combination of ciprofloxacin with azlocillin was at least as effective as that of imipenem/cilastatin with tobramycin. Selection of mutants with decreased sensitivity to ciprofloxacin occurred during therapy, however, post-therapy MICs of ciprofloxacin did not exceed a level of 1 mg/l and rises of MICs did not detrimentally influence treatment outcome. Taken together with the results of earlier studies, our data encourage the use of ciprofloxacin in gram-negative septicemia in neutropenic patients.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracellular bactericidal activity of fosfomycin against staphylococci: a comparison with other antibiotics.

The intracellular bactericidal activity of fosfomycin was compared to that of other anti-staphylococcal agents. Two staphylococcal strains (one isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and one isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis) were incubated in vitro with human granulocytes isolated from volunteers. After phagocytosis and removal of residual extracellular bacteria, the cells were resuspended in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of fosfomycin, teicoplanin, vancomycin and rifampin. The number of bacteria surviving intracellularly was determined by colony counts after osmotic lysis of the granulocytes at different time intervals. Incubation with fosfomycin resulted in a mean reduction of intracellular bacteria by approximately two logs of ten within 18 h for both staphylococcal strains. Although less effective than rifampin, fosfomycin showed a significantly higher intracellular activity than the glycopeptide antibiotics in this model.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teicoplanin: 10 years of clinical experience.

The teichomycin antibiotics have been discovered and chemically purified in the late 1970s. Teicoplanin, one of the major derivatives of this group, has been introduced into clinical use in 1984. In Germany, teicoplanin was licensed in 1988 and now ranks among the antimicrobial agents most frequently used in intensive care units. Due to its reduced rate of side effects compared to vancomycin, its longer serum half-life and a simplified mode of application, teicoplanin has become the glycopeptide of choice in many hospitals. The present review summarizes in vitro activity data, pharmacokinetics, and clinical experience with teicoplanin, with special consideration of currently recommended doses and serum levels.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of rhinoscleroma cured with ciprofloxacin.

The diagnosis of rhinoscleroma was confirmed in a 17-year-old female patient from Tehran, Iran, suffering from a roundish tumour of the nose. Prior treatment with streptomycin and tetracycline had been unsuccessful. A three-month course of high-dose oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg b.i.d.) led to prompt cessation of the growth of the granuloma which was removed later by plastic surgery. Although serology alone appeared to have little value for the specific diagnosis of rhinoscleroma, a significant increase of IgG antibodies during treatment with ciprofloxacin confirmed infection by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis in this case.

Adolescent↗