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Biomedical subjects

M Tos

Publications and source records attributed to M Tos.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Quantitative histologic features of the normal frontal sinus.

The entire mucosa from 30 normal frontal sinuses was removed, stained by the whole mount method, and the density of goblet cells and mucous glands was determined. There was an average of 6,300 goblet cells per square millimeter without statistically significant differences between the various walls. The glands were small and seromucous. In 87% of the sinuses, the gland density was less than 0.2 glands per square millimeter, and the total gland count did not exceed 40. This represents a totally negligible mucus production, which must be derived predominantly from the goblet cells. The density proved significantly higher in the inferior parts of the sinuses. The findings are discussed in relation to other areas of the respiratory tract.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1980

Spontaneous improvement of secretory otitis and impedance screening.

Based on repetitive tympanometric screenings of infants and 2-year-old children, the spontaneous improvement of secretory otitis has been studied. In 2-year-old children, 53% of ears with type B improved during the three months from the first to the second evaluation, 67% from the second to the third, and 84% from the third to the fourth. At the same time, tympanogram deteriorated to type B in other ears so that during a nine-month period, 28.6% of all ears with at least one screening have had type B. It was concluded that impedance screening as a prophylactic means to diagnose a middle ear disease early would be meaningless. It will lead to excessive treatment of secretory otitis, as one cannot take other consequences of one screening than to repeat it six months later.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1980

Middle ear epithelia in chronic secretory otitis.

In 60 ears with secretory otitis and mucous effusion, the different kinds of epithelium in biopsy specimens from the promontory and in five postmortem cases from other localities in the middle ear are described. Most frequently, the epithelium was thick, pseudostratified, and ciliated, with pronounced basal cell hyperplasia and increase in goblet cell density. No correlation was found between the amount of effusion and the thickness of the epithelium, the basal cell hyperplasia, and the goblet cell density. In autopsies, many different kinds of epithelium were found, such as one-layered, flat, two- or three-layered, cuboidal, pseudostratified, and columnar epithelium with and without basal cell hyperplasia. The appearance of the epithelium was dependent on the stage of the chronic disease, indicating that the epithelium changes during the course of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Management of tubal function in reconstructive middle ear surgery.

On the basis of two otosurgical studies, endeavours to improve chronic dysfunction of the Eustachian tube are described. These included elimination of infection in the upper respiratory tract, pre-operative conservative treatment to the ear, per-operative inspection of the tympanic orifice and osseous tube, and removal of localized pathology at this site, as well as bouginage of the tube by a soft rubber bougie. Some of the results of treatment are presented.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1980

Stability of myringoplasty based on late results.

In 387 ears the late results, 3--15 years after myringoplasty with fascia, were analyzed on the basis of the character and localization of the perforation. 8.3% had recurrent perforations 0.5--2 years after operation, of which 2.8% were closed at reoperation. However, perforation recurred in 3.4% of other ears so that, at the last reexamination, the total recurrence of perforation amounted to 8.8%. Most of these were small, localized anteriorly or inferiorly. There were no differences in the frequency of the recurrent perforations related to the character of the preoperative perforation. The hearing, as judged by the air-bone gap closure, showed good stability with increasing observation time.

Ear Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Repetitive tympanometric screenings of two-year-old children.

240 healthy 2-year-old children were examined with tympanometry in November, February and May. One the whole, the tympanograms were somewhat improved at the spring evaluation compared with the winter evaluation. The type of tympanogram changed in half of the ears at each evaluation. In total, 64% of the ears have changed type at the three evaluations. The type B tympanogram, indicating a flat curve and secretory otitis, was improved in 64% of the ears that were originally type B, while in many other ears the tympanogram deteriorated to type B, such that 12,3% of the ears had secretory otitis at the first investigation, 14.6% at the second, and 11.3% at the third. Thus, in total 26.3% of the ears had at least one period of type B tympanogram or middle ear effusion and only 26.1% of the ears had a middle ear pressure of between 0 and 99 mmH2O at all three evaluations. Due to the large spontaneous normalization in this as well as in other materials, it may be assumed that 75--90% of all children have had at least one episode of secretory otitis.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1980

[Spontaneous normalisation and frequency of secretory otitis (author's transl)].

In two-year-old children from two communities of Copenhagen five repetitive tympanometries were performed. In winter a prevalence of secretory otitis between 11% and 14% of investigated ears in summer of 7% was found. The results of tympanometry changed very much between the repetitive investigations thus every time 50% of ears changed the tympanogram type. The rate of spontaneous normalisation of secretory otitis was calculated to 75%. The total frequence of secretory otitis is very high and 50% of all ears have during the first three years of life in at least one period had middle ear effusion.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

Etiologic factors in secretory otitis.

We investigated the possible etiologic factors of secretory otitis and dysfunction of the Eustachian tube in 278 healthy 2-year-old children based on screening tympanometry and medical history. We found that catarrhalia was the most frequent etiologic factor, with acute otitis being the second most frequent factor. It was demonstrated that secretory otitis may develop without a preceding infection of the middle ear. It is probable that dysfunction of the tube plays a primary role in the development of secretory otitis. Allergy did not seem to be an etiologic factor. Antibiotic treatment does not promote the development of secretory otitis, but is probably unable to prevent it. Parental disposition could not be related to the children's ear diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Frequency of secretory otitis and histology of the normal middle ear mucosa.

Repetitive tympanometric screenings of healthy 1-year-old and 2-year-old children showed that 36% of all healthy children had a type B tympanogram, indicating middle ear effusion or secretory otitis, at least once during the first 2 years of life. Another 29% of children had a middle ear pressure of -200 to -350 mm H2O. It was rendered probable that at least 75% of all healthy children have secretory otitis in the course of the first 8 years of life. This high frequency of secretory otitis is correlated to the histology of the normal middle ear mucosa. The many conflicting opinions that prevail in the literature concerning the compostion of the normal middle ear mucosa, especially concerning the demonstration of mucous glands, probably arise from the fact that the middle ear mucosa of most healthy adults has been exposed to metaplastic changes in childhood but has normalized except for minor sequelae. These are often misinterpreted as constituting components of the normal mucosa.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

Obliterative otitis media.

The clinical history, pathology and results of tympanoplasty in 12 patients with obliterative otitis are described. The condition is characterized by an intact, not retracted, thick drum and a middle ear totally filled with fibrous tissue and small cholesterol granulomas. The tube is anatomically obstructed in most cases. The results are poor and it is concluded that tympanoplasty is not indicated in this disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pathology of the ossicular chain in various chronic middle ear diseases.

In a collection of 1,100 operated ears, 426 of which had cholesteatoma and 674 had not, the various defects of the ossicular chain are described and related to the nature of the disease and the site of perforation. The analysis showed marked differences between the various diseases and in the frequency of the individual ossicular defects or combinations of defects. Defects of the head of the malleus and of the body of the incus were found exclusively in chiolesteatomas, most often those affecting the attic. Isolated defects of the malleus handle were most common in cholesteatoma of the parts tensa and in total perforations. Defects of the long process of the incus occurred in 74--88 per cent of cholesteatomatous diseases, defects of the stapedial arch in 47 per cent of ears with sinus cholesteatoma. In granulating otitis without cholesteatoma and in sequelae to otitis there was less ossicular pathology, and 57 per cent of these ears had an intact ossicular chain. Total or posterior perforations were associated with pathology of the ossicles more often than inferior or anterior perforations. All cases with destruction of the body of the incus and the head of the malleus showed squamous epithelium in close relation to the ossicular defect, indicating a marked--presumably enzymatic--influence by the squamous epithelium upon the bone resorption.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMed1979

Tympanometry in 2-year-old children. Seasonal influence on frequency of secretory otitis and tubal function.

Repetitive screening tympanometry performed in 240 healthy 2-year-old children showed that tympanometric conditions are significantly better in the summer season than in the spring or winter. A very large tendency to spontaneous normalization of the tympanogram type B was demonstrated. Only 16% of the ears that had type B at the first investigation in November had the same type in August. Simultaneous with the normalization of some ears others deteriorated, thus in November type B tympanogram was found in 12%, in February 14.6%, in May 11.3%, and in August 7.2% of all ears investigated. Due to the large variability in the tympanometric conditions which are predominantly caused by catarrhalia, 28.6% of the ears have had type B tympanogram at least once during the period from November to August, while only 1.6% have had type B at all four investigations. The large spontaneous recovery of secretory otitis, demonstrated in the present study, indicates that the child should be observed for a period before implementation of surgical treatment.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of postinflammatory acquired atresia of the external auditory canal.

In 11 patients postinflammatory acquired atresia of the auditory canal, 7-15 mm thick, was excised, the drum and auditory canal covered with a Thiersch graft alone or by fascia and a Thiersch graft. 2.5-5 years after the operation there was no case of recurrence of the atresia. The functional result was most favourable in cases with atresia of minor thickness. Early operation is recommended, especially as cholesteatoma was found behind the atresia in 2 patients.

Ear Canal↗
PubMed1979

Early, active diagnosis of acoustic neuromas.

Since the introduction of the translabyrinthine approach in the treatment of acoustic neuromas in Denmark. 47 patients have been operated on, the series containing 2% small, 60% medium and 38% large tumours. This distribution differs significantly from previously published tumour series, where the large tumours dominated. The paper describes the various diagnostic procedures applied in the present active search for acoustic neuromas, and the reduction in tumour size is ascribed to information on the improved surgical results obtained by the translabyrinthine approach.

Denmark↗
PubMed1979

Translabyrinthine surgery of acoustic neurinoma.

In translabyrinthine and translabyrinthine-suboccipital removal of 47 acoustic tumours, the mortality rate was 2.1%; among 18 large tumours, 5.6%. The facial nerve was preserved in 89%, and 80% had normal facial nerve function. 98% of the tumours were removed in toto, including 17% where the tumour remnant was removed by the suboccipital approach one week after the translabyrinthine operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Mucus production in the nasal sinuses.

The density of goblet cells and glands was determined in the maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, and sphenoidal sinuses. Goblet cells showed the highest density in the maxillary sinuses. 9700 per mm2, while in the other sinuses their density was approximately the same, from 5 900 to 6 500 cell per mm2. The density of glands was highest in the ethmoids, 0.5 gland/mm2, then in the maxillary sinuses, viz. 0.2 gland/mm2, while in the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses it was very low, 0.08 and 0.06 gland/mm2 respectively.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1979

Middle ear pressure following tympanoplasty for various middle ear diseases. Pressure related to follow-up period and retractions.

In 512 ears with various middle ear diseases, the middle ear pressure was measured a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 10 years after tympanoplasty. The findings were related to the length of the follow-up period and to retractions of the drum and/or in the epitympanum. The tympanometric findings were best in sequelae to otitis with dry perforations, poorest in cholesteatomas and adhesive otitis. Tubal function had not further deteriorated 4 years after the operation. There was a highly significant correlation between the middle ear pressure and the frequency of retractions, which also does not essentially increase--except in the cholesteatoma cases.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗