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Biomedical subjects

M Tos

Publications and source records attributed to M Tos.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Screening tympanometry during the first year of life.

150 healthy children were regularly investigated with tympanometry during the first year of life. Normal middle ear pressure was found in nearly all children at birth. At the age of 6 months, 62% of the ears had a pressure of 0-99 mmH2O. In 37% the pressure was between -100 and -350 mmH2O and 1% had flat curves. At the age of 9 months, the tympanograms further deteriorated and at 12 months, only 40% of the ears had a pressure of 0 to -99 mmH2O, 28% had a pressure of -100 to -199 mmH2O, 19% a pressure of -200 to -350 mmH2O and 13% had flat curves, indicating secretory otitis. At 1 year, the tympanograms were worse than in any other age group investigated so far. The dominant cause of the reduced middle ear ventilation was catarrhalia, the frequency of which increased during the period from 6 to 12 months.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1979

Experimental surgery of the nose, anteroposterior changes of the mucosa on altering the air-flow.

In 20 rabbits one nostril was surgically closed and the mucous membrane studied 4--90 days after the operation. The density of goblet cells was determined anteriorly and posteriorly on whole mounts, epithelial changes on serial sections from 4 different localities on the septum. Anteriorly on the open side damage to the cilia initiated epithelial processes of repair, viz. hyperplasia of basal cells, transformation of these cells into columnar cells, and differentiation into mucous and ciliated cells. On the 16th day the epithelium was again columnar and ciliated. As a consequence of continued trauma new cycles were initiated, but not even after 90 days was there any squamous epithelium. In the middle and posteriorly on the septum no changes were demonstrated, indicating a marked, but gradual decrease in the anteroposterior direction of the influence by the air-flow upon the mucosa. On the closed side there was increased secretory activity and normalization of the epithelium which was changed most anteriorly in normal rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Allograft stapes-incus assembly. A new ossiculoplasty.

In 45 patients with absence of the stapedial arch, including 24 with a history of radical surgery and without ossicles, the head of an allograft stapes was placed on the patient's footplate and on top of this an incus body, either as allograft or autograft. The results of this assembly, judging by different methods of analysis, are the same as in 45 ears having approximately the same pathologic condition treated by an autograft or allograft incus as the columella between the footplate and eardrum. The allograft stapes-incus assembly is an alternative method to the commonly used incudal columella, particularly in patients previously subjected to radical surgery in whom all ossicles are absent.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1978

Changes of the nasal mucosa in altered airflow illustrated by blind quantitative histology.

In 20 rabbits one nostril was closed surgically for 4, 10, 16, 20, 60 and 90 days, and thereafter the mucous membranes from the open and closed sides of the nose were investigated. Anteriorly on the open side a process of repair started as early as the 4th day after ciliary damage. This process consisted in hyperplasia of basal cells, displacement and gradual desquamation of ciliated cells and goblet cells, differentiation of basal cells into ciliated and goblet cells. On the 16th day the epithelium was again ciliated. As a result of a continued abnormally increased airflow new damage to the cilia occurred and a new cycle was initiated, so that on the 30th and 90th days the epithelium was again ciliated. Even though the epithelium is 'squamous-like' in some phases, there is no question of a transformation into squamous epithelium. On the closed side anteriorly there is increased secretory activity in the epithelium. Posteriorly blind quantitative histology showed no differences between the open and the closed side, or between 'treated' and control material.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Reconstruction of old radical cavities.

The methods as well as the primary and late results of 74 partial and 93 total reconstructions of old radical cavities were described. In partial reconstructions the tympanic cavity was reconstructed, but the cavity was not eliminated, as it was dry or could be kept dry. In total reconstructions the tympanic cavity and auditory canal were reconstructed, and in most cases the cavity was obliterated, either by muscle or by combined grafts of muscle, tragal cartilage, and homologous septal cartilage. On the basis of the late results, functionally 10--20% poorer than the primary ones, the indications for reconstruction of old radical cavities were discussed. If there is chronic aural discharge, and if the cavity is lined with granulations, the ear can be rendered dry by total reconstruction in 90% of the cases.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1978

Homograft stapes in middle ear surgery.

Descriptions are given of various uses of stapes homografts in tympanoplasty on ears with missing stapedial arch. The use of homograft stapes-incus assembly, placing the head of the homograft stapes on the patient's own footplate and on top of that an incus, is a method which at long sight has proved to afford better results than the use of an incus columella.

Ear Ossicles↗
PubMed1978

Tympanometry in 2-year-old children.

Screening tympanometry was performed in 278 healthy 2-year-old children (556 ears) born the first 10 days of every month in 1976 in two municipalities from Copenhagen County. A middle ear pressure between 0 and -99 mm H2O was found in 49.6%, between -100 and -199 in 19.4%, between -200 and -300 in 20.1%, and flat curves in 10.8%. The latter group also otoscopically gave evidence of middle ear effusion. The results reveal the highest incidence of tubal dysfunction and middle ear effusion for this age group in contrast to any other age group. However, a large spontaneous recovery from secretory otitis was also noted. No differences were found between sexes, right ear/left ear, the socio-economic factors, or whether the children lived in houses or apartments. Children who were nursed in public nurseries had a significantly higher incidence of secretory otitis than those nursed in private nurseries or at home.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative histology of the normal ethmoidal sinus.

In 16 patients the mucosa from 32 normal ethmoidal sinuses was removed post mortem and studied by whole-mount methods. In the anterior ethmoidal cells, there was a median density of 0.5 gland/mm2, in the posterior cells 0.13 gland/mm2. The distribution of the glands was irregular, with the highest density around the ostia. Individual variations of density were wide, ranging from 0.07 to 0.81 gland/mm2. The median density of goblet cells was the same in the anterior and posterior ethmoidal cells, about 6,900 cells/mm2. The greater part of the mucous secretion in the ethmoid is produced by the goblet cells.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1978

Screening tympanometry in newborn infants and during the first six months of life.

Tympanometry was performed in 151 healthy children at birth and at 3 and 6 months of age. At birth 10.5% of the ears had a pressure of -100 mmH2O, and 0.3% a pressure of -125 mmH20. The pressure in most of these ears later became normalized. At 3 months of age 17.9% had a pressure of -100 mmH2O or less, and at 6 months of age 39.2%. At 6 months of age 1.3% of the ears had flat curves and middle ear effusion, and 9.6% had a pressure between -200 and -300 mmH2O. The pressure changes and their cause were analysed. Catarrhalia occurred in 23% of the infants before 3 months of age and in 60% in the 3-6 month period. This is an important though not the only etiological factor for the reduced ventilation in the middle ear, which probably occurs via oedema of the tubal mucosa and mild internal tubal occlusion. Ventilation was significantly reduced at 3 months of age in catarrhal girls, and in catarrhal boys at 6 months of age.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1978

[Operative therapy for chronic otitis media and middle ear cholesteatoma with preservation of the posterior auditory canal wall ("intact wall technique") (author's transl)].

The late results of two different procedures for middle ear surgery are compared 2-10 years following surgery. A total of 478 ears were operated, of which 367 had cholesteatomas and 111 chronic granulating otitis without cholesteatoma. a) In conservative radical operations, tympanoplasties, meatoplasties with fascia and obliteration with muscle (298 ears) gave satisfactory and stable results: 8% required re-operation, 2.8% had residual cholesteatoma, 0.9% had recurrent cholesteatoma, 15% had perforations, and 90% had dry operative cavities. b) In modified "Intact Wall Technique" with small cortical mastoidectomies and epitympanic control openings, 7% had residual cholesteatomas, 2% recurrent cholesteatomas, and 11% required re-operation. The following conclusions were made: The "Intact Wall Technique" is a safe method for the surgical management of granulating otitis media. However, the procedure is not considered to be safe when disease involves cholesteatoma because of the significant frequency of recurrent disease or the development of retractions which can then form cholesteatoma. Under such circumstances, combination of the "Intact Wall Technique" with obliteration may give more stable results.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative histology of the normal sphenoidal sinus.

From 32 normal sphenoidal sinuses in 16 patients the mucosa was removal at autopsy, stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole mount method, and the density of goblet cells as well as of mucous glands was determined. The median density of goblet cells was 6200 cells per mm2, without statistically significant differences between the walls. The median density of glands was very low, 0.06 gland/mm2, highest in the anterior wall which has 0.1 gland/mm2 and lowest in the posterior wall which has 0.05 gland/mm2. The total gland count was less than 50 in 94% of the sinuses, 51--80 in 4%. The glands were small, tubulo-acinous. Hence, the production of mucus by the glands is entirely negligible in relation to that of the goblet cells.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1977

Density of mucous glands in the normal adult nasal turbinates.

On 13 normal inferior and middle turbinates the mucous membrane was freed, stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method, and the mean density of glandular orifices was determined by counting in 4 mm2 fields. The median density fell in both turbinates in the anteroposterior direction, being in the inferior turbinate 8.2 glands/mm2 anteriorly, 7.9 in the middle, and 7.1 glands/mm2 posteriorly. In the middle turbinate it was 8.4 glands/mm2 anteriorly, 8.1 in the middle, and 7.3 glands/mm2 posteriorly. There were no significant differences in median density between the medial and lateral wall or between the superior and inferior half of the inferior or middle turbinate as a whole. The median total number of glands in the inferior turbinate was 9,200 with a very wide interindividual range of 6,100-12,700. In the middle turbinate the median count was 6,700 glands and the range 4,400-11,500. The pathology of the mucous glands of the nose is discussed.

Exocrine Glands↗
PubMed1977

Mucous glands in nasal polyps.

A total of 102 nasal polyps from 52 patients were stained by the PAS-alcian blue whole-mount method, and mucous glands were studied quantitatively. Glands were found in all polyps but in many of them only a few. The density is very low, considerably lower than in the nasal mucosa. The glands are tubular, of different shape and size, but differ widely from those in the nose and are formed from the surface epithelium after the polyp has attained a certain size. They do not issue from the nasal mucosa. The glands degenerate and distend. Thus, cysts in the polyp are degenerated, mucus-filled glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis.

In II polyps from patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, the density, shape, and architecture of mucous glands were studied by the whole-mount method and compared with 102 non-cystic-fibrosis polyps. There were no differences in density which was in most polyps less than 0.5 gland/mm.2. The shape and architecture as well as other histological appearances of the polyp were also alike in both groups of polyps which could not be distinguished. The pathogenesis of nasal polyps in cystic fibrosis is discussed. Apparently, it is the same as that of non-cystic-fibrosis polyps.

Child↗