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Biomedical subjects

M Tos

Publications and source records attributed to M Tos.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Quantitated determination of proteins in perilymph in patients with acoustic neuromas.

Perilymph, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from 19 patients with acoustic neuromas were examined for albumin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and IgG. Patients with otosclerosis were used as controls. A highly significant increase of the tested proteins was found in perilymph from patients with acoustic neuromas. Determination of the tau-transferrin, which is a specific CNS protein, could neither be demonstrated in plasma nor in perilymph. This is in favour of the assumption that perilymph is plasma-derived and not concentrated CSF. Various causes for the high protein concentrations are discussed, and it is suggested that the increase is caused by a blockage of the neuroaxonal transport mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Spinal proteins in patients with acoustic neuromas.

The values of total spinal protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), used as normal material, from 98 persons are presented. These values showed that the previously used reference limits (0.20-0.40 g/l) for total protein in CSF were too low, and consequently the new reference values 0.20-0.85 g/l are used. 77 patients with surgically verified acoustic neuromas had total protein determined in CSF prior to operation, and 63% of patients with tumours less than 25 mm in diameter had normal total protein values, while only 3% of patients with tumours larger than 25 mm had normal values. Since the large tumours can be easily diagnosed by the non-invasive computer tomography, it is concluded that CSF total protein determination is only of limited value in the search for acoustic neuromas. A more quantitated examination of CSF proteins (albumin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, IgA, IgG and IgM) showed significantly increased values among the tumour patients, but the findings were not of any significant clinical value in the diagnosis of tumours.

Albumins↗
PubMed1982

Tomography and xerotomography after reconstructive middle ear surgery for cholesteatoma.

In order to adequately visualize the ossicles and other fine structures in the middle ear, sophisticated radiological methods are essential. The temporal bone has been studied with hypocycloidal tomography using conventional films and xerotomography in 60 patients with cholesteatoma. In 53 of the patients xerotomography gave good results while conventional tomography gave good results in only 38 patients. The superiority of xerotomography to conventional radiological methods is stressed. The only drawback is the high radiation dose to the patient.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1982

Development of the ciliary epithelium in human nose.

In 15 foetuses, ranging in age from the 8th to the 23rd menstrual week, the development of ciliated cells in the nose was analysed quantitatively by counting ciliated cells in high power fields. The formation of ciliated cells is the first step in the differentiation from embryonic to respiratory epithelium, which starts in the 9th menstrual week. The density of ciliated cells increases strongly and reaches a maximum already in the 16th week. It does not further increase in older foetuses and prematures. Based on the rapid increase in density it is assumed that the differentiation of ciliated cells takes about 2-3 days which is considerably shorter than for goblet cells.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1981

Placebo effect in surgery for Ménière's disease. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on endolymphatic sac shunt surgery.

To investigate the placebo effect in surgery for Ménière's disease, a double-blind controlled study was undertaken, comparing effects of a regular endolymphatic shunt with those of regular mastoidectomy. Thirty patients with typical Ménière's diseases, selected because of unsuccessful medical treatment, participated. Patients completed daily dizziness questionnaires three months before and 12 months after surgery, with registration of nausea, vomiting, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing impairment, and pressure in the ears. Patients were operated on at two universities, and the patients operated on at one underwent controlled study each month at the other. At termination of the trial, both investigators and patients gave their opinions of the efficacy of the operations. Minor differences were seen between active and placebo groups, but the greatest difference in symptoms was found when preoperative and postoperative scores were compared: both groups improved significantly

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Acoustic neuromas. Diagnostic efficiency of various test combinations.

In the majority of diagnostic tests usually used in the search for acoustic tumors, there is a large difference in the outcome between patients with and without tumors. Because of a possible coherence between the tests applied, a statistical analysis of this connection was performed with the aid of a logistic model. The best single investigation used to differentiate between patients with and without tumors was tomography of the internal acoustic meatus. This examination was used in combination with the differential caloric test and the alternate binaural loudness balance recruitment test to differentiate completely between patients with and without tumors. Results of other examinations did not contribute significantly to the differentiation between patients with and without tumors. This factor did not render the other examinations superfluous because the analysis was valuable only in patients with a hearing level better or equal to 80 dB. By applying the other tests, information was obtained on pressure conditions in the internal acoustic meatus and possible difficulties at surgery, as well as information about the size of the tumor.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1981

The post-winter prevalence rate of middle ear effusion in four-year-old children, judged by tympanometry.

Tympanometry and otologic examinations were performed in 373 four-year-old children randomly selected from the Central National Register at the end of February, 1979. A close interaural correlation of the middle ear pressures of a child was found and therefore the tympanometric results represent related as well as independent data. Consequently, the post-winter prevalence rates of type B tympanograms were calculated according to different sampling units: per all ears 13.7%; per right ears 12.9%; per left ears 14.5%; per ears selected at random 13.9%. Additionally, the prevalence rate was estimated per child at 20.4% type B in at least one ear and at 7% type B in both ears. Based upon the literature the validity of the tympanometric method in detecting middle ear effusion is described. The predictive values of positive and negative tests mostly depend on the degree of the cutoff point (pass--fail point) which has been chosen. In this study the cutoff point was the presence of a type B tympanogram. The advantage and disadvantage of applying 'one ear' or 'one child' as the sampling unit is discussed from a statistical as well as a clinical point of view. When calculating either per ear or per child no sex differences in the prevalence rates could be proved.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1981

Upon the relationship between secretory otitis in childhood and chronic otitis and its sequelae in adults.

A new theory is put forward to the effect that chronic middle-ear disease results directly from secretory otitis in childhood. The theory is based on an analysis of different materials, including healthy children in various age groups who were followed with tympanometry over a long period of time; children with secretory otitis who were re-evaluated 3-8 years after treatment, with special reference to changes in the tympanic membrane; and an otosurgical group comprising 1,100 ears, which were re-evaluated 3-14 years after operation. Chronic secretory otitis and chronic tubal dysfunction, which are particularly frequent in childhood, may cause such changes in the tympanic membrane and/or middle ear, that conditions are created which later on, maybe years after remission of secretory otitis, may favour the development of cholesteatoma, non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis and perforation of the tympanic membrane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Tomography of the internal acoustic meatus. A critical evaluation of the radiological appearance in normals and in patients with acoustic neuromas.

The radiological appearance of the internal acoustic meatus, obtained by tomography of the temporal bone, is presented for 115 patients with normal inner-ear function. These patients served as normal controls, and their tomograms are compared with those obtained in 48 patients who were initially suspected of having acoustic neuromas but in whom Pantopaque cisternography was negative. These are also compared with the findings obtained in 59 patients with surgically-verified acoustic neuromas. In normal persons the size of the vertical diameter of the meatus on the two sides, as measured by tomography, differed in only a few cases by more than 1 mm. The results obtained in patients who were suspected of having a neuroma, but in whom Pantopaque cisternography had excluded such a diagnosis, coincided completely with the results found in the normal group, and a difference of more than 1 mm. between the right and left sides is therefore indicative of a pathological process in the internal and acoustic meatus. A normal meatus does not exclude the presence of a tumour, since 10 per cent of patients with neuromas have identical meatus. No evidence of radiological destruction was found, either in the normal material or in the group of patients suspected of having a neuroma. Destruction of the bone surrounding the meatus must therefore be regarded as highly suggestive of the presence of a tumour, but lack of destruction does not exclude a tumor. Tomography of the temporal bone should be applied routinely in the search for acoustic neuromas, in patients with unilateral acoustic or vestibular complaints. The evaluation of the tomograms, however, should be performed by a few, specially interested radiologists.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Ménière's disease: endolymphatic sac decompression compared with sham (placebo) decompression.

The placebo effect in surgery for Ménière's disease was investigated in a double-blind, controlled surgery by comparing the effect of a regular endolymphatic shunt with the effect of a purely placebo operation (regular mastoidectomy). Thirty patients with typical Ménière's disease participated in the study. They were selected for surgery because of unsuccessful medical treatment and were chosen randomly for each treatment group. The patients filled in daily dizziness questionnaires for 3 months before and 12 months after surgery, registering nausea, vomiting, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing impairment, and pressure in the ears. The patients were operated on in two university ENT departments. Those operated on in one department were controlled each month at the other department, and vice versa. At the termination of the trial, the investigators as well as the patients gave their overall opinion of the efficacy of the operation. Minor differences could be demonstrated between the active and the placebo group, but the greatest difference in symptoms was found when comparing pre- and postoperative scores, in which both groups improved significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Repetitive tympanometric screenings in 4-year-old children. Seasonal influence on secretory otitis and tubal dysfunction.

Repetitive tympanometric screenings of 4-year-old children were performed in February, May, and August 1979, in order to determine prevalence and seasonal variation of secretory otitis and tubal dysfunction. In February, the prevalence of type B was 14%, by August it was significantly improved. Between trials, 50% of ears changed tympanogram type, indicating great variations in the tympanometric conditions. From winter to spring the tympanogram types improved significantly, but not from spring to summer, which was primarily due to the fact that the summer of 1979 was especially rainy and cold. Compared with 2-year-old children, the prevalence was higher and the spontaneous recovery less pronounced in 4-year-old children, though also in this age group type B improved spontaneously in nearly half the ears.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1981

Changes in prevalence of secretory otitis from summer to winter in four-year-old children.

The changes in prevalence of secretory otitis from summer to winter were analyzed on the basis of tympanometry in 288 healthy 4-year-old children in August and November 1979 and February 1980. There was a significant increase in the frequency of secretory otitis and a significant deterioration of the tympanometric conditions from summer to winter. At each trial, half of the ears changed type, and significantly more ears deteriorated than improved. During winter secretory otitis also shows a tendency to spontaneous improvement, although this is not so pronounced as in the 2-year-old children.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗