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Biomedical subjects

M Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to M Thomas.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Inhibition of gastric acid secretion with a mast cell stabiliser, FPL-52694.

1 The effect on gastric acid secretion of a mast cell stabiliser FPL-52694 was examined in nine healthy volunteers. 2 The compound which is moderately well absorbed after oral ingestion, was taken for 5 days prior to the measurement of acid secretion and was also given intravenously during part of the gastric test. A submaximal dose of pentagastrin (0.3 microgram/kg/h) was given by intravenous infusion for 2 h in a controlled test and then after administration of FPL-52694. 3 There was a significant reduction (37%) in acid secretion during the second test which was probably due to the effect of the compound on mast cell degranulation in the gastric mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The preparation and properties of monoclonal antibodies against human granulocyte membrane antigens.

A series of four monoclonal antibodies has been prepared by hybridization of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with human blood granulocytes. The four antibodies all react specifically with granulocytes, failing to stain lymphocytes and other blood cells. Lymphocytic leukaemia cells are not stained, whereas myeloid leukaemia cells give a varied reaction with the antibodies. Studies on marrow, leukaemic cells and cell lines suggest that the four antibodies react with distinct differentiation antigens which are absent from myeloblasts, appear at the promyelocyte, myelocyte or metamyelocyte stage (depending on the antibody in question) and are expressed on all mature granulocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Morphometry of pulmonary arteries from angiograms in chronic obstructive lung disease.

The application of morphometric techniques based on Strahler orders to the study of pulmonary angiograms is described. When the pulmonary arterial tree is ordered by Strahler's method, peripheral branches have the lowest orders and the main pulmonary artery the highest order. The mean diameter of vessels in each order can then be determined. Pulmonary angiograms were obtained from 16 patients, 10 of whom had chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), the other six having normal angiograms. Six orders of branching were found in vessels of 1 mm diameter or greater, and a plot of log mean diameter versus order from the normal angiograms was linear. The mean diameters of orders 2, 3, and 4 (diameter 2 to 7 mm) from COLD patients were significantly reduced ((p less than 0.01) and the log mean diameter versus order plot was concave upwards. These changes were more marked when TLC was raised than when it was normal. Plots of diameters of vessels from zones of the lung in which the pathology was well advanced (as judged by radiological changes) showed even greater reduction in the middle orders. These changes are probably the result of stretching of vessels in emphysematous lesions and diminution of blood flow from loss of capillary bed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Tuberculous infection of total hip prosthesis: report on two cases (author's transl)].

M. tuberculosis infection of a total hip prosthesis was observed in two patients. Clinical and bacteriological diagnostic features are described, as well as the two possible physiopathological mechanisms involved: activation of a chronic local lesion or blood dissemination. Combined medical and surgical treatment results in effective clinical and functional recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Non-parasitic cysts of the spleen: report on two cases and ultrastructural findings in one of them (author's transl)].

Two cases are reported of non-parasitic cysts of the spleen of the simple epithelial type. The pathogenic mechanism of such cysts is discussed and illustrated by ultrastructural findings in one of the cases. The wall of this cyst was mesothelial in nature. This observation is in favour of the inclusion of mesothelial tissue in the spleen, a hypothesis suggested in the published literature by several authors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.). Its value in the care of malignant tumours of the ovary (author's transl)].

The authors report on 466 serial levels of carcinoembryonic antigens (C.E.A.) carried out with the aim of surveying 44 patients who had malignant tumours of the ovaries : - one third of the cases had a positive level more than 10 ng per ml; - the presence and the serial level depend more on the histological nature of the tumour than the stage of its evolution; - when a serial level has been negative before treatment it has never become positive in in a definite and continuous manner when the tumour progresses. On the other hand, when the test is positive before any therapy is started then there is a good correlation between its clinical evolution, its response to treatment and the serial variations. Relying on their experience and on the results given in the literature, the authors suggest a scheme of practical use of levels of C.E.A. in the care of malignant tumours of the ovary.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1980

Eukaryotic DNA segments capable of autonomous replication in yeast.

A selective scheme is presented for isolating sequences capable of replicating autonomously in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. YIp5, a vector that contains the yeast gene ura3, does not transform a ura3 deletion mutant to Ura+. Hybrid YIp5-Escherichia coli DNA molecules also fail to produce transformants. However, collections of molecular hybrids between YIp5 and DNA from any of six eukaryotes tested (S. cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, Dictyostelium discoideum Ceanhorabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Zea mays) do transform the deletion mutant. The Ura+ transformants grow slowly, are unstable under nonselective conditions, and carry the transforming DNA as autonomously replicating, supercoiled circular molecules. Such a phenotype is qualitatively identical to that of strains transformed by molecules containing a yeast chromosomal origin of replication. Thus, these DNA hybrid molecules may contain eukaryotic origins of replication. The isolated sequences may be useful in determiing the signals controlling DNA replication in yeast and in studying both DNA replication and transformation in other eukaryotic organisms.

Caenorhabditis↗
PubMed1980

Prostaglandin release by aliphatic alcohols from the rat isolated lung.

1. A comparative study has been made of the abilities of members of a homologous series of aliphatic alcohols to release prostaglandins from the rat isolated perfused lung. 2. Infusions of low concentrations (0.002 mmol--0.2 mmol) of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl and t-butyl alcohol for periods of up to 5 min was accompanied by the continuous output of prostaglandins into the venous effluent, as measured by biological assay. Maximal release occurred with methyl and ethyl alcohols, the releasing abilities of the rest being in the order of n-propyl> i-propyl> n-butyl> >t-butyl. Radiomimmunoassay revealed that both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were released by ethyl alcohol with the former being in up to 10 times greater quantities than the latter. However, the amounts of these prostaglandins failed to account for the total release of active substances as measured by bioassay. 3. Examination of concentration-response relationship showed that as the concentration of methyl, ethyl and n-propyl alcohol was increased prostaglandin output also increased, but that after reaching a maximum further increase in alcohol concentration resulted in diminished release. In contrast, the lowest concentration of i-propyl, n-butyl and t-butyl alcohol utilized (0.002 mmol) caused highest prostaglandin output and release declined as the concentration was increased. Release by ethyl alcohol (0.02 mmol) was inhibited by t-butyl alcohol (0.2 mmol). 4. Thus aliphatic alcohols can not only release prostaglandins but also depress release. Both properties appear to be possessed by each member of the series, their relative prominence varying in each compound. Release is the predominant action of the low molecular weight, short chain compounds whereas depression of release is the most prominent property of those of higher molecular weight, particularly the secondary and tertiary alcohols. 5. It is suggested that release occurs in response to low alcohol concentrations altering the nature of the water-cell membrane interface, thus producing changes in membrane protein configuration and activation of phospholipase A. Inhibition of release is probably a consequence of non-specific depression of cell function.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1980

Multicentre post-infarction trial of propranolol in 49 hospitals in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Yugoslavia.

A multicentre study of survivors of an anterior myocardial infarction is reported. The trial consisted of 720 patients and was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with propranolol 40 mg three times a day. Trial entry was at two to 14 days (mean 8.5 days) and follow-up at one, three, and in most centres, six and nine months. The trial was designed to detect a 50 per cent reduction in mortality and this was not shown. The non-fatal reinfarction rate was similar in both groups. Subgroup analysis identified several prognostic risk factors for death, none of which interacted with treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Diffuse involvement of the leptomeninges by tumour--a clinical and pathological study of 63 cases.

The clinical and pathological features of 63 cases of post-mortem-proved diffuse infiltration of the leptomeninges by tumour are presented. A wide variety of tumours of the nervous system, both primary and secondary, was found to give rise to such involvement, with adenocarcinoma having a particular propensity to behave in this manner. Dysfunction of cranial and spinal nerves, a confusional state and headache were prominent clinical features. Examination of the cerebro-spinal fluid was found to be less useful diagnostically in cases of primary tumours of the nervous system with leptomeningeal involvement than in cases of diffuse infiltration of the meninges by carcinoma.

Adult↗