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Biomedical subjects

M Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to M Thomas.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Gastric emptying as a determinant of the oral glucose tolerance test.

Intraindividual variation in the results of repeated oral glucose tolerance tests in normal subjects is well recognized but incompletely explained. The present studies show that such variation can be produced by ingestion of the glucose solution during different phases of the normal fasting activity cycle of the upper gut. Such variation is not seen when glucose is administered intraduodenally during the same phases of activity. Gastric emptying shows similar variation with the activity cycle; larger volumes of solution were emptied from the stomach during activity than quiescence, thus presenting greater quantities of glucose solution to the small intestine for absorption. Metoclopramide and hyoscine butylbromide, drugs known to influence the rate of gastric emptying, reduced the variation in the glucose tolerance test. The data suggest na possible use of the glucose tolerance test for the assessment of gastric emptying.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1982

[Long-term evolution of anorexia nervosa: quantitative evaluation].

Out of 50 patients with anorexia nervosa observed at Saint-Antoine's Hospital, Paris, between 1969 and 1979, 34 were examined in 1980-1981 or had answered a questionnaire. Intermediate (2/3 years) and long term (more than 4 years) outcome were estimated for 28 and 29 patients respectively, based upon 5 items groups, each of them assessed 0, 0,5 or 1: weight, menstruation, social family and sex adjustment, psychological state and attitude towards feeding. Data were available for intermediate and long-term outcome for 23 patients. Good results (score 0 to 1) were obtained more often in the long term (34,5 p. cent) than in the intermediate (14.3 p. cent) outcome (P less than 0.01). This improvement is related to better weight (P less than 0.05), social family and sex adjustment (P less than 0.01) and possibly menstruations. Others items haven't been changed by time. Poor results (score more than 3) represent also 34,5 p. cent of the cases and we grieve 3 deaths. Past 4 years there were no more changes in the outcome. Only initial weight loss is significantly correlated with long term outcome (P less than 0.01). Social class, age of onset previous weight, trigger circumstances, duration of illness before admission, number of physicians involved during the evolution . . . had no prognostic value. Anorexia nervosa appears as a severe disease, which long duration justified all our efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A new prognostic classification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia derived from a multivariate survival analysis.

Survivals of two series of CLL patients (99 from a retrospective series and 196 from a prospective series) were studied separately. The three main staging systems (Rai, Binet, Rundles) agreed well, but as far as survival is concerned, too many stages are defined. The authors performed a Cox multivariate analysis of survival in order to isolate important prognostic factors at diagnosis and to use them to build a simple three-stage classification. Thrombopenia and anemia appeared as the most important risk factors. Among the nonanemic and nonthrombopenic patients, the number of involved areas was clearly related to prognosis in the authors' two series. This study allowed the authors to propose a new classification in three prognostic groups. Group C: anemia (Hb less than 10 g) and/or thrombopenia (platelets less than 100,000/mm3); about 15% of the patients; median of 2 years. Group B: no anemia, no thrombopenia, three or more involved areas (counting as one each of the following: axillary, cervical, inguinal, lymph nodes, whether unilateral or bilateral, spleen and liver); about 30% of patients; median of 7 years. Group A: no anemia, no thrombopenia, less than three involved areas; about 55% of patients; the survival of this group does not seem different from that of the French population of the same age and sex distribution. This three-stage classification only requires clinical examination and routine hemogram, has a good prognostic value which was confirmed on the series of Montserrat and Rozman (146 patients), and should therefore be helpful in planning new clinical trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The significance of anti-neuronal antibodies in Alzheimer's disease.

Indirect immunofluorescence and cell-type-specific markers were used to determine whether antibodies directed against specific neural cell types were present in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), other neurological diseases (OND) and normal controls. Sera and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested on either frozen sections of rat and human cortex and/or dissociated cell cultures of neonatal rat cerebellum, and human fetal dorsal root ganglia (DRG). All groups of patients and normal subjects were indistinguishable in their pattern of immunoglobulin (Ig) staining. Staining of neurones on frozen sections was predominantly nuclear. In cultures all sera showed weak staining of oligodendrocytes, fibroblasts and Schwann cells. Varying degrees of surface staining of neurones were seen with both sera and CSF within all groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Does beta-blockade directly reduce myocardial oxygen consumption?

This paper describes a method for determining whether beta-blocking agents reduce myocardial oxygen consumption by a direct action on the myocardium in addition to that reduction produced by changes in cardiac mechanical function. Measurements of myocardial oxygen consumption were made in anaesthetized dogs . Changes in heart rate were produced by atropine and by ventricular pacing. Alterations in ventricular loading were achieved by balloon inflations in the descending aorta and by infusions of nitroprusside and dextran. Measurements under these conditions were repeated after beta-blockade. Analysis required the separation of the part of reduced myocardial oxygen consumption resulting from the mechanical effects of beta-blockade from any possible additional direct effect on the myocardium. There was no evidence for a significant direct effect. The average overall reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption after beta-blockade was 18% but the estimated reduction not accountable to mechanical effects was only 2% (range, 95% probability, -7% to 3%).

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗