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Biomedical subjects

M Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to M Thomas.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Different intensities of oral anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis.

We have previously reported that long-term therapy with warfarin is effective for preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with proximal-vein thrombosis but that there is an appreciable risk of hemorrhage. To determine whether that risk could be reduced without a loss of effectiveness, we randomly allocated 96 patients with proximal-vein thrombosis to a group receiving less intense anticoagulant therapy, with a mean prothrombin time of 26.9 seconds using the Manchester comparative reagent (corresponding Simplastin time, 15 seconds), or a group given more intense therapy, with a mean Simplastin time of 19.4 seconds (corresponding prothrombin time 41 seconds with the Manchester comparative reagent) (P less than 0.001). Two of 47 patients (4 per cent) in the less intensely treated group had hemorrhagic complications, as compared with 11 of 49 patients (22 per cent) in the more intensely anticoagulated group (P = 0.015 by the two-tailed test). This difference was due to minor bleeding episodes. The frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism was low in both groups (2 per cent). Our findings indicate that less intense anticoagulant therapy is associated with a low frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism (2 per cent) and a reduced risk of hemorrhage.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Role of hepatic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in alcoholism: demonstration of persistent reduction of cytosolic activity in abstaining patients.

In alcoholic patients with fatty liver the activity of cytosolic, but not of mitochondrial, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase was lower than in controls. Sequential studies in abstaining alcoholics showed that the cytosolic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity remained low, although the previously low activity of alcohol dehydrogenase returned to normal values. It is suggested that reduced cytosolic acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity may represent a primary defect in alcoholism and is, in part, the cause of the abnormal acetaldehyde metabolism in alcoholic patients. Isoelectric focusing showed distinct isoenzymes of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. A survey of eight control subjects and twenty alcoholic patients showed no evidence of a missing or abnormal enzyme in the alcoholic group.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of intracranial lymphoma.

The appearances on computed tomography (CT) of 17 patients with histologically proven intracranial lymphoma have been analysed and abnormalities detected in 16. Four of the patients had systemic lymphoma. Multiple lesions were seen in eight patients (47%), in six of whom the multiple lesions in each patient were of similar appearance. There was good macroscopic correlation between the CT and post-mortem appearances in the eight patients who subsequently died, although in five, histological examination showed more extensive infiltration. Meningeal involvement was seen more commonly in the cases of systemic lymphoma than in the purely cerebral lymphomas, but parenchymal lesions were equally common in both. Grey matter lesions tended to be clearly demarcated, of increased density with little oedema or displacement; homogeneous density enhancement was produced by the intravenous injection of contrast medium. White matter lesions were usually poorly demarcated, of variable density with marked oedema and displacement, and with heterogeneous enhancement.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia expressing "Ia-like" antigen:" a case report.

A 4-year-old girl presenting with vomiting, abdominal pain, and renal failure was found to have gross hepatosplenomegaly, a renal mass, and bilateral pleural effusions. A diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was suggested by a peripheral white cell count (WCC) of 119,000 x 10(6)mm3, 57% blasts, 22% lymphocytes, and confirmed by bone marrow examination. Lymphocyte surface marker studies at diagnosis enabled classification as a T-ALL, with a significant proportion of the T cells also bearing receptors for the third component of complement (C3). Seventy-two percent of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells reacted with anti-Ia monoclonal antibody (FMC44), and a smaller proportion (25%) carried receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. The T-classification of this ALL was verified at central nervous system (CNS) relapse and at a subsequent nodal relapse. Double-marker studies on cells from the infiltrated lymph node prepared in suspension confirmed the presence of Ia-positive T cells. The Ia marker is usually a useful discriminant between T and non-T cells in normal and ALL cell populations. The case described here highlights the need for a panel of markers to be used in classification of childhood ALL and supports the suggestion that there is a distinct subtype of Ia-positive T-ALL.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1982

Anterior horn cell dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.

Electrophysiological studies were undertaken on 29 patients with Alzheimer's Disease. A reduction in the number of functioning motor units was found in the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. The electrophysiological parameters of the motor unit potentials were increased compared to control values. Four of seven muscle biopsies showed abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. The results suggest dysfunction in the lower motor neurone in this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Umbilical vein graft for lower limb ischaemia.

Over a two-year period 30 patients in a British district general hospital had human umbilical vein grafts (Meadox Medical) inserted for severe lower limb ischaemia. There were no perioperative deaths but 6 patients subsequently died from their atherosclerosis. The cumulative patency rate at one year was 70%. Five patients suffered immediate graft failure and all required amputation. Failures were due to inappropriate case selection and early technical inexperience with handling the graft.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Semi-concentrated radiation of cerebral metastases of bronchial cancer].

Results of radiotherapy in 49 patients with cerebral metastases are reported, overall treatment including anti-edema therapy based on Synacthene and radiotherapy of the whole brain by delivering 17.5 grays in 5 days. Tolerance to treatment was good. Total, durable (more than 2 months) neurological remission was obtained in 50 p. cent of cases, duration of remission being a mean of 120 days in patients responding to therapy. Concentrated irradiation is therefore effective and useful in the treatment of cerebral metastases from bronchial cancer as it improves survival conditions.

Brain Neoplasms↗