Biomedical subjects

M Tatsuta

Publications and source records attributed to M Tatsuta.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources

PubMed1986

Values of carcinoembryonic antigen, elastase 1, and carbohydrate antigen determinant in aspirated pancreatic cystic fluid in the diagnosis of cysts of the pancreas.

The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), elastase 1, and carbohydrate antigen determinant (CA 19-9) in the pancreatic cystic fluid and the serum from five patients with cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas, one patient with retention cyst due to pancreatic carcinoma, three patients with cystadenoma, and eight patients with benign pseudocyst accompanying or following pancreatitis, were determined by immunoassay technique. Fluid from pancreatic cysts was obtained by ultrasonically-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The specimens were centrifuged and the supernatant was used for the measurement of CEA, elastase 1, and CA 19-9, while the cell pellet was examined cytologically. The levels of CEA in the aspirated fluid were significantly higher in patients with malignant cysts of the pancreas than in those with benign cystadenomas and pseudocysts. In contrast, the levels of elastase 1 were significantly lower in patients with malignant cysts than in those with benign pancreatic cysts. Although the levels of CA 19-9 were significantly higher in patients with malignant cysts than in those with pseudocysts, the overlap between the values of patients with malignant and benign pancreatic cysts is too great. The serum CA 19-9 was most useful, however, to distinguish an individual patient with malignant cysts of the pancreas from those with benign pancreatic cyst, since there were no significant differences between the levels of serum CEA and elastase 1 in patients with malignant and benign pancreatic cysts. Correct diagnoses were made cytologically in 4 (66.7%) of 6 patients with malignant cysts. In two patients with malignant cyst, in whom no cancer cells were detectable in the aspirated materials, levels of CEA were abnormally high, but high levels of elastase 1 did not occur. Therefore, the combined measurement of CEA and elastase 1 in the aspirated cystic fluid of the pancreas could be used as an aid in diagnosis of malignant cysts of the pancreas.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1986

Evaluation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy under direct vision gastrofiberscopy in diagnosis of diffusely infiltrative carcinoma of the stomach.

The accuracy of diagnosis of diffusely infiltrative carcinoma of the stomach by direct endoscopic biopsy and cytologic examination were examined. A histologic diagnosis was made in 54 (83.1%) and a cytologic diagnosis in 49 (75.4%) of 65 patients. By combined histologic and cytologic examinations, the overall diagnostic rate was raised to 87.7%. False-negative results were most frequent for tumors without erosions or shallow ulcerations. Positive diagnoses from histologic examination were usually obtained from erosions or ulcerations rather than from normal-appearing mucosa. These findings indicate that endoscopic detection of erosion or ulceration and subsequent biopsy are important for the diagnosis of diffusely infiltrative carcinomas. The authors developed a procedure for heparinized fine-needle aspiration biopsy under direct vision with a gastrofiberscope. In this procedure, heparinization of the needle and injector prevented blood coagulation. This made it possible to obtain good smears containing less degenerated tumor cells, and to obtain histologic materials. By this method, a correct cytologic diagnosis was made in all 11 patients examined. Histologic material was obtained from four patients in whom histologic and cytologic information on cancer could not be obtained by routine endoscopic examination.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

The results of various diagnostic procedures performed on six cases with solitary and minimal (less than 2 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that was later surgically resected were comparatively reviewed. The tumor was detected in 6/6 patients by ultrasonography, 1/6 by scintigraphy, 2/6 by CT, and 4/6 by angiography, and hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 3/6 by angiography and 6/6 by ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Since there are not a few HCCs that can be detected only by ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy with ultrasound guidance is strongly recommended to confirm cases with a minimal lesion in the liver visualized only on a sonogram.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Location of peptic ulcers in relation to antral and fundal gastritis by chromoendoscopic follow-up examinations.

The extent of fundal gastritis and the severity of antral gastritis in patients with duodenal ulcer and coexisting gastroduodenal ulcers were investigated using the endoscopic Congo red test. Forty-two patients with duodenal ulcer were followed-up by chromoendoscopy to investigate the location of gastric ulcers developed during the average observation period of 3.6 years in relation to the changes of fundal and antral gastritis. Duodenal ulcers were usually associated with extensive acid-secreting areas and moderate antral gastritis. In coexisting duodenal and antral ulcers, antral gastritis was usually severe, although fundal gastritis was of the same intensity as that seen with duodenal ulcers. In coexisting duodenal and high-lying ulcers, fundal gastritis was extensive and antral gastritis was severe. Follow-up studies showed that there was a significant relationship between the development of gastric ulcer and the changes of antral and fundal gastritis. Gastric ulcers developed in the antrum or the angulus in patients with duodenal ulcer when antral gastritis became worse, but no fundal gastritis spread. When fundal gastritis spread, ulcers developed in the gastric body. These findings suggested that development of increasing gastritis predicted the development of gastric ulceration and that the locations of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer were determined by the extent of fundal gastritis and the severity of antral gastritis.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Effects of cimetidine on the healing and recurrence of duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers.

The effects of cimetidine on the healing and recurrence of duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers were compared. The extent of the acid secreting areas was examined by the endoscopic Congo red methylene blue test. Using the extent of acid secreting areas gastric ulcers were classified into ulcers with and without extensive acid secreting areas. Duodenal ulcers were all associated with extensive acid secreting areas. The gastric acid outputs in the basal state and after maximal stimulation with gastrin were highest in duodenal ulcers, and lowest in gastric ulcers without extensive acid secreting areas. Cimetidine treatment significantly promoted the healing of duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers with extensive acid secreting areas when compared with placebo, but not of the gastric ulcers without extensive acid secreting areas. Cimetidine also significantly diminished the recurrence of duodenal ulcers, but not gastric ulcers with and without extensive acid secreting areas. These findings indicate that in Japan cimetidine promotes the healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers associated with high gastric acid production and prevents recurrence of duodenal ulcers, but has little or no influence on the healing and recurrence of gastric ulcers associated with low acid secretion.

Cimetidine↗

PubMed1986

Deduction of duodenal ulcer recurrence by healing with cimetidine plus sulpiride.

The effect of combined treatment with sulpiride plus cimetidine was compared against that of cimetidine alone on the healing of duodenal ulcer and on the subsequent relapse rate. In a double blind study, 35 patients with duodenal ulcer diagnosed by endoscopy were randomly assigned to receive cimetidine 800 mg daily and 38 patients to receive cimetidine 800 mg plus sulpiride 200 mg daily. Sixty patients whose ulcers were healed at three months continued to be observed after stopping treatment and underwent endoscopy to detect recurrences when symptomatic or at three and at six months if asymptomatic. Recurrence was observed in 18 (72%) of 25 patients whose ulcers had healed on cimetidine alone, but in only 11 (38%) of 29 patients whose ulcers healed on cimetidine plus sulpiride.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Value of serum alpha-fetoprotein and ferritin in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ferritin in the serum were determined by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay, respectively, in 224 healthy subjects, 55 patients with benign hepatic disease and 44 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The AFP levels in the serum were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in healthy subjects and in patients with benign hepatic disease, but this level was not a satisfactory indicator of small HCC since it was elevated in only 75.0% of the patients with a tumor of less than 3.0 cm in its greatest diameter. Although serum ferritin was elevated in only 56.8% of the patients with HCC, the combination of these two tests raised the diagnostic rate of HCC from 65.9% by serum AFP measurement alone to 88.6% with no appreciable decrease in the specificity for HCC. In particular, it raised the diagnostic rates of lesions of less than 3.0 cm in the greatest diameter from 75.0% by measuring AFP alone to 100%. Thus the combination of AFP and ferritin measurement in the serum is useful for the early detection of HCC.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Inhibitory effects of tetragastrin and histamine on carcinogenesis in the small intestines of W rats by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The effects of tetragastrin and histamine on the incidence and histology of tumors induced in the small intestine by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine [(MNNG) CAS: 70-25-7] were investigated in male W rats. Animals were given MNNG at 150 micrograms/ml in their drinking water for 25 weeks and then 300 micrograms tetragastrin or 4 mg histamine dihydrochloride sc per day in depot form. Administration of tetragastrin or histamine after MNNG treatment resulted in a significant increase in gastric acid secretion and a significant reduction in the incidence of tumors in the duodenum; however, only histamine decreased the incidence of tumors in the jejunum. Histologically, the tumors induced in the small intestine were mostly adenocarcinomas, and their histologic type was not affected by either tetragastrin or histamine.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1986

Effect of tetragastrin on the colonic mucosa of rats during intrarectal administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

The effects of the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin, tetragastrin, on the colonic mucosa on Days 15 and 25 during intrarectal administration of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and its effects on the incidences of colonic tumors in experimental Wk 20 and 35 were investigated in Wistar rats. Administration of tetragastrin in depot form during instillation of MNNG resulted in significant decreases in the incidences of mucosal erosions, ulcerations, and atypical regenerative glandular hyperplasias in the colonic mucosa, most of these lesions being greater in the distal half of the colon. Administration of tetragastrin also significantly decreased the incidences and/or numbers of colonic tumors in Wk 20 and 35. The distribution of colonic tumors induced in Wk 20 and 35 corresponded well to those of erosions, ulcerations, and atypical regenerative glandular hyperplasias induced during the administration of MNNG. These findings suggest that the effect of tetragastrin in decreasing the incidences of erosions, ulcerations, and atypical regenerative glandular hyperplasias in the colonic mucosa during instillation of MNNG is related to its effect in reducing the development of colonic tumors.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Values of CA 19-9 in the serum, pure pancreatic juice, and aspirated pancreatic material in the diagnosis of malignant pancreatic tumor.

The diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of CA 19-9 in the serum, pure pancreatic juice, and aspirated pancreatic fluid in the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors was assessed in 32 patients with malignant pancreatic tumors and 19 patients with pancreatitis. Pure pancreatic juice was collected from the pancreatic duct by endoscopic cannulation with a duodenofiberscope after intravenous administration of secretin. Pancreatic material was obtained by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy under ultrasonic guidance. Abnormally high CA 19-9 levels in the serum were significantly more frequent in patients with malignant pancreatic tumors than in those with pancreatitis: they were elevated in 71.9% of the patients with pancreatic tumors. High CA 19-9 levels were found primarily in patients with a tumor of the head of the pancreas, in those with a tumor greater than 3 cm in its greatest diameter, and in those with an unresectable cancer. Only 57.1% of seven patients with a tumor of less than 3 cm in its greatest diameter showed an increase in CA 19-9 level. The CA 19-9 levels in pure pancreatic juice were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic tumors than in patients with pancreatitis without pancreatic stone. However, it was not useful for differentiating pancreatic tumors from pancreatitis with pancreatolithiasis. The CA 19-9 level in pancreatic materials obtained by aspiration biopsy was significantly higher in patients with malignant pancreatic tumors than in those with pancreatitis. Eight patients (80%) with pancreatic tumors had values above 1000 U/ml, whereas all five patients with pancreatitis had values of less than 30 U/ml. Although CA 19-9 levels in pancreatic materials was useful only when cytologic examination did not provide any evidence of malignancy, the combination of the CA 19-9 assay and the cytologic study of specimens obtained by percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the pancreas increased the diagnostic rate to 100%.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Endoscopic diagnosis of minute gastric cancer of less than 5 mm in diameter.

The accuracy of diagnosis by endoscopic visual and histocytologic examination of minute gastric cancers of less than 5 mm in longest diameter was investigated. Between 1959 and 1981, 55 minute cancers were found in 54 patients at The Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka in Japan: 15 foci were solitary and 40 were associated with other larger gastric cancer. Histologic and/or cytologic confirmation of carcinoma was obtained before operation in 73.3% of cases with a solitary lesion, but in only 7.5% of cases with multiple lesions, for an overall positive result of 25.5%. The diagnostic rate was higher for elevated type and depressed type with converging folds than for flat type and depressed type without converging folds. No cancers of less than 3 mm in longest diameter were correctly diagnosed before operation. Because endoscopic visual diagnosis itself is not sufficiently reliable in determining the nature of the minute lesions, the final diagnosis should be confirmed by endoscopic direct biopsy. However, the first biopsy should be done as carefully as possible, because bleeding in the target area may prevent multiple direct biopsy specimens from being taken. Results also indicate that lesions which could not be diagnosed before operation could not be endoscopically inspected. Therefore, endoscopic detection and subsequent accurate biopsy of suspicious lesions is very important for diagnosis of minute gastric cancer.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1985

Gastrin has no promoting effect on chemically induced colonic tumors in Wistar rats.

The effects of prolonged administration of tetragastrin from the beginning of intrarectal instillation of 1 ml of 0.25% N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and after MNNG-treatment on the incidence and histology of colonic tumors were compared in inbred Wistar rats. In week 35 prolonged administration of testragastrin in depot form from the beginning of MNNG-treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of colonic tumors and a significant increase in the incidence of mucinous adenocarcinoma, unlike the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma produced in controls without gastrin. In contrast, prolonged administration of tetragastrin after MNNG-treatment had little or no influence on the incidence, size or histology of colonic tumors. Thus tetragastrin had no promoting effect on colonic tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1985

Chromoendoscopic observations on extension and development of fundal gastritis and intestinal metaplasia.

The development and extension of fundal gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were investigated by the endoscopic Congo red-methylene blue test in 44 healthy subjects, 106 patients with gastric ulcer, and 26 patients with gastric polyp. Follow-up chromoendoscopic examinations were made an average of 3.4 yr (range 1-10 yr) after the initial endoscopic assessment. Fundal gastritis and intestinal metaplasia developed or became more extensive with time in only 3 (6.8%) and 2 (4.5%) healthy subjects, respectively. In patients with gastric ulcer and in those with gastric polyp, fundal gastritis and intestinal metaplasia developed or extended significantly more frequently and more rapidly than in healthy subjects. Fundal gastritis and intestinal metaplasia developed or became more extensive, respectively, in 26 (24.5%) and 23 (21.7%) patients with gastric ulcer and in 10 (38.5%) and 10 (38.5%) patients with gastric polyp. Fundal gastritis and intestinal metaplasia extended with time mainly in an upward direction.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Histocytologic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by percutaneous aspiration biopsy under ultrasonic guidance.

Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the pancreas using a heparinized 22-gauge fine needle was performed under ultrasonic guidance in five patients with benign pancreatic diseases and in 18 patients with pancreatic cancer. Using a heparinized needle and syringe, it was possible to make good smears containing abundant tumor cells and to obtain small tissue specimens. Using egg albumin as binding material, a new cell-block technic was developed to conveniently obtain histologic specimens. In this way, a correct diagnosis was made cytologically in all 23 patients suspected of having a pancreatic malignancy. Histologic specimens were obtained in 22 (95.6%) our of 23 patients. A correct diagnosis was established histologically in all patients from whom histologic materials were obtained. This procedure thus has proved a very reliable method for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1985

Effect of a chemically defined diet in liquid form on colon carcinogenesis in rats.

The effects of ad libitum feeding of a chemically defined diet in liquid form on the incidence and histology of colon cancer induced by 10 weekly sc injections of 7.4 mg/kg of azoxymethane [(AOM) CAS: 25843-45-2] were investigated in W-rats. The chemically defined diet was adjusted once every 24 hours from 4 weeks before injection of the carcinogen to the end of the experiment at week 40. Oral administration of the defined diet resulted in significant increase in the incidence of colon cancer at week 40. Histologic examination showed that unlike adenocarcinomas with high mucin-producing activity, which were common in rats on pellet diet, most of the adenocarcinomas that developed in rats fed on defined diet were highly or well differentiated, with a typical glandular pattern. Administration of the chemically defined diet also resulted in marked colon mucosal hypoplasia and reduced gastrin levels in the serum at weeks 4 and 40.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1985

Early adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia.

The relationships of gross and histologic types of early gastric cancer in the upper portion of the stomach, the extent of the normal oxyntic gland area and the grade of intestinal metaplasia in the mucosa surrounding the tumor, to the distance of the tumor from the squamocolumnar junction were examined in 29 specimens obtained at total gastrectomy. There were significant correlations between gross type of early cancer, extent of the normal oxyntic gland areas or the grade of intestinal metaplasia in the surrounding mucosa, and the distance of the tumor from the squamocolumnar junction. Cancers located within 2 cm from the squamocolumnar junction were more frequently polypoid, more frequently associated with a large oxyntic gland area, and less commonly surrounded by profuse intestinal metaplasia. The above differences suggest that cancers located within 2 cm from the squamocolumnar junction differ from those in other regions of the upper portion of the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1985

Value of heparinized fine-needle aspiration biopsy in liver malignancy.

The accuracy of diagnosis of hepatic malignancy by percutaneous aspiration biopsy was compared using heparinized and nonheparinized 22-gauge needles. When a heparinized instrument was used, it was able to accurately diagnose malignancy and cytologic types of exfoliative cells. Heparinization also made it possible to recover small tissue fragments and make ultrathin sections for histologic examination. In this way, material suitable for cytologic and histologic examination was obtained from 100% and 95%, respectively, of 59 patients suspected of having hepatic malignancy. A correct diagnosis was made cytologically in 92.5% of patients with hepatic malignancy and in 89.5% of those from whom histologic material was obtained. From a combination of histologic and cytologic results, the overall diagnostic rate for hepatic malignancy was increased to 95%. This procedure proved to be a reliable method for diagnosis of hepatic malignancy.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed1985

Production of hydroxyl-free radical by reaction of hydrogen peroxide with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.

Production of a hydroxyl free radical (.OH) by reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was examined by electron spin resonance using the X OH spin trapping agent 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO). The electron spin resonance spectra of the H2O2-MNNG-DMPO system after exposure to light at an intensity of 0.03 mW/cm2 for 5 min, and the DMPO- (.OH) spin adduct (2-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide) generated by use of Fenton's reagent showed the same hyperfine structure and g-value. The signal of the DMPO adduct obtained in the H2O2-MNNG-DMPO system disappeared on addition of the .OH scavenger sodium benzoate. The addition of another .OH scavenger, ethanol, resulted in the appearance of a new signal due to trapping of the alpha-hydroxyethyl radical. These results show that .OH was formed in the H2O2-MNNG-DMPO system. The typical signal of the DMPO-(.OH) spin adduct was not observed in the system in the absence of light. The amount of DMPO-(.OH) spin adduct increased with increase in the concentration of H2O2 when the MNNG level was kept constant, and it changed with the concentration of MNNG at a constant H2O2 level, indicating that .OH was produced by the interaction of MNNG with H2O2. In the absence of H2O2, complicated trapped signals appeared in the spectrum of the MNNG-DMPO system in the light, but these signals were not observed when the system was kept in the dark. In the absence of MNNG, the H2O2-DMPO system did not show any signal, even in the light. These results indicate that interaction of free radicals derived from MNNG with H2O2 on exposure to light resulted in .OH production.

Chemical Phenomena↗