Biomedical subjects

M Takada

Publications and source records attributed to M Takada.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Inhibitory effect of glutamic acid and aspartic acid on calcium oxalate crystal formation.

The effects of Glu and Asp on calcium stone formation was evaluated in three experiments. Studies using mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallization and scanning electron microscopy showed that Glu and Asp inhibited the nucleation rate, growth rate and suspension density (crystal mass produced) in proportion to the concentration. The main amino acids in calcium oxalate stones and calcium phosphate stones were Glu and Asp. However, the main amino acids in uric acid stones were glycine and urea, and there were no specific amino acids in struvite stones. The activity of urinary GOT and GPT, which convert Asp and alanine, respectively, to Glu in normal subjects was significantly greater than in calcium stone formation.

Aspartic Acid↗

PubMed1990

Flow cytometry to evaluate acrosome-reacted sperm.

Flow cytometry was used in the scoring of acrosome-reacted human sperm. Propidium iodide was used for detection of the nonviability of the sperm. Fluoresceinated pea lectin was used to detect acrosome-reacted sperm. The results obtained by flow cytometry and those obtained by fluorescence microscopy were compared to determine if flow cytometry can serve as a more accurate, faster, and simpler method. It was possible to detect human sperm by flow cytometry. The percentage of propidium iodide labeled sperm determined by flow cytometry was close to that obtained by fluorescence microscopy. Comparison of the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy showed that these methods gave very similar results (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001). Objective scoring of more sperm was possible by flow cytometry than by fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry was useful as a simple method for evaluation of acrosome-reacted human sperm.

Acrosome↗

PubMed1990

Combination therapy with bestatin in inoperable lung cancer. A randomized trial.

A randomized trial of combination therapy with bestatin (30 mg daily, every day) was performed in 238 patients with inoperable primary lung cancer from August, 1981 through April, 1984. Of the 238 patients, 227 were evaluable: 113 treated by bestatin combination therapy and 114 controls. There was no statistically significant difference in response rate or survival between the 2 groups. In squamous cell cancer response was observed in 34.5% of the bestatin group and 17.9% of the control group. The analysis, including Cox's proportional hazard model, revealed that the survival tended to be longer in the bestatin group (median survival 40 weeks) than in the control group (median survival 24 weeks; p = 0.051). This suggests that addition of bestatin might be beneficial in squamous cell cancer of the lung but further, more rigidly controlled, clinical trials are necessary before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on thirty-two cases of childhood urolithiasis].

We evaluated 32 patients with urinary calculi under 16 years of age over the past 14 years since the founding of the Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine. They comprised 0.8% of the total urolithiasis patients. They consisted of 18 boys and 14 girls with a male-to-female ratio of 1.29. The average age was 8.7 years for boys and 10.4 years for girls without any marked peak. The most frequently chief complaint was hematuria which was present in 15 cases (47%). Although pyuria was seen in seven cases (22%), urinary bacterial culture was positive only in 5. The underlying diseases could be diagnosed in 13 cases (41%), of which eight cases (62%) developed metabolic disorder. The sites of calculi were determined in 29 cases (91%), of which 28 had stones in the upper urinary tract. Surgical treatment was performed on 16 cases in 17 sessions. Ureterolithotomy was done in as many as five cases, followed by pyeloplasty in four cases. Nephrectomy was performed in only one case. There was only one case which had been treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The composition of calculi was found in 21 cases (66%), the majority or 13 cases (57%) of which had calcium-containing stones. Nevertheless, there was no case of hypercalciuria. When compared to the previous reports in Japan, it was worthy of note that calculi in the upper urinary tract and calcium-containing stones had higher incidences. It is expected that more patients will be treated with ESWL in the future.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Calcium urolithiasis and bone change].

Bone mineral contents of calcium urolithiasis patients (105 males and 52 females) were measured by the microdensitometry (MD) method, and the patients were divided into the MD normal group and the MD abnormal group. The patients were also divided into the group (21 males and 3 females) treated with thiazides for 1 year or more and the nontreated group to examine various factors in blood and urine. [Nontreated group] The rate of MD abnormality was higher in younger males. The rate tended to increase with age in females. Alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in MD abnormal group males than in MD normal group males. Urinary calcium excretion and PTH values were significantly higher in MD abnormal group females than in MD normal group females. Comparison of hypercalciuria and normocalciuria revealed no significant difference between the MD normal rate and the MD abnormal rate. Comparison of single of stone formers and recurrent stone formers also revealed no significant difference between the MD normal rate and the MD abnormal rate. [Treated group] PTH and alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in the treated group than in the nontreated group. Alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in the MD abnormal group. From the viewpoint of stone recurrence prevention, the monitoring of bones where the majority of calcium in the body is present is considered important besides behavior of calcium in blood and urine.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1990

[Dose intensity chemotherapy in lung cancer].

Dose intensity (DI) is defined as the amount of drugs administered per unit time (mg/m2/wk). Recently this concept is thought to be one of the most important tactics to improve the chemotherapeutic results. In this article, we summarized the reports about the impact of dose intensity chemotherapy on various malignancies and the experimental results in animal models. As the application of this concept for the treatment of lung cancer, we conducted the following trials. For the patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), weekly intensive chemotherapy employing cisplatin, oncovin, doxorubicin, and etoposide (CODE regimen) was performed. Fifteen (88%) of 17 patients responded to this regimen, including 5 (29%) complete responders. The median survival time for all patients was 45 weeks. For the patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), short interval (3 weeks) MVP (mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin) therapy using with recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was performed. This study was aimed at improving the therapeutic result by reducing the cycle length of MVP regimen through the use of rG-CSF. Thirty-two out of 40 patients could receive two or more cycles of MVP regimen on schedule. These results in SCLC and NSCLC suggest that does intensity chemotherapy can improve the outcome for patients with these disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1990

Pharmaceutical application of biomedical polymers. XXIX. Preliminary study on film dosage form prepared from chitosan for oral drug delivery.

The potential of chitosan films containing diazepam as an oral drug delivery was investigated in rabbits. The results indicated that a film composed of a 1:0.5 drug-chitosan mixture might be an effective dosage form that is equivalent to the commercial tablet dosage forms. The ability of chitosan to form films may permit its use in the formulation of film dosage forms, as an alternative to pharmaceutical tablets.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Prognostic factors affecting survival and response in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with combination chemotherapy].

One-hundred and ninety-nine patients who had an inoperable stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and collected were analyzed on the basis of factors affecting survival duration and response to chemotherapy. These patients were registered into a prospective randomized trial conducted from May of 1986 to April of 1988, and received either cisplatin and vindesine, cisplatin, vindesine and mitomycin C, or cisplatin and etoposide alternating with vindesine and mitomycin C. In the univariate analysis, sex, ECOG's performance status (PS), weight loss within previous 6 months, clinical stage, serum albumin value, serum lactate dehydrogenase level and hemoglobin (Hb) level were considered to be significant factors for survival (p less than 0.05). In the multivariable analysis using Cox's proportional model, clinical stage, PS, sex, weight loss and Hb level were proven to be significant variables for survival in the order of importance. When the response to chemotherapy was included in a conditional multivariable analysis, it was strongly associated with survival duration. A multivariable analysis of response using the logistic regression method demonstrated that female sex, cisplatin, vindesine and mitomycin combination regimen, squamous cell type, and no weight loss were significantly predictive of response outcome. These results are useful when comparing the response data and survival of completed studies and designing future trials in advanced NSCLC.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Current results of chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer].

From 1983 to 1988, two prospective randomized studies were conducted in the treatment of patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The first was a comparison of cisplatin (CDDP) alone vs CDDP plus vindesine (VDS) (CV-1), and the second was the comparison of CDDP plus VDS (CV-2) vs CDDP plus VDS plus mitomycin (MMC) (CVM) vs CDDP plus etoposide alternating with VDS plus MMC (CE/VM). A total of 345 patients entered into these two studies were evaluated. The response rates were 9.3% for CDDP alone, 26.8% for CV-1, 33.3% for CV-2, 42.6% for CVM, and 19.1% for CE/VE. There were significant differences in response rates between CDDP alone and CV-1 (p less than 0.01), and CVM and CE/VM (p less than 0.01). No differences were observed in the durations of response and survival among the five treatment arms. Females responded to chemotherapy better than males, and squamous cell carcinoma responded better than adenocarcinoma. Sex, performance status and stage were significant as prognostic factors in advanced NSCLC patients. Responders to chemotherapy live longer than nonresponders. In conclusion, CVM is considered to be currently best available regimen. No survival benefit has been proved for any treatments for advanced NSCLC. Chemotherapy for NSCLC is still investigational.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Diagnosis and follow-up study of human papillomavirus infection in benign epithelium and mild dysplasia of the uterine cervix].

In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of cytology, colposcopy and the dot blot method (Vira Pap, Vira Type) for the screening of HPV infection in benign epithelium and mild dysplasia of the uterine cervix, and then investigated subsequent changes in HPV DNA in the lesion. The HPV infection detection rates for cytology, colposcopy and the dot blot method were 14/46 (30.4%), 30/46 (65.2%) and 35/46 (76.1%), respectively. Cases where HPV DNA was negative with the dot blot method but HPV infection was suspected with cytologic and colposcopic examination were 3/6 (50.0%) in the undigestive type except for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35. HPV DNA disappeared after 3-6 months in persistent cases with histologically benign epithelium in the one year follow-up. In persistent cases of mild dysplasia followed up histologically for one year from the time of the first visit showed differences between negative and positive cases of HPV DNA after 1 year. In 2 progressive cases (HPV 31 and 16 types) HPV DNA in the cervix was detected continuously. We consider that the dot blot technique is a valuable method for identifying human papillomavirus infection. However, detection of undigestive HPV types by the dot blot method was poor. Therefore, the joint use of cytology, colposcopy and the dot blot method seems to be a valuable screening technique. Individual variations in the clinical course of the high risk group appear to reflect profound differences in the effectiveness of host responses. Therefore, cases where continuous HPV DNA was observed in the high risk groups should be followed up for a long period.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of endothelin on gastric mucosal lesion in rats].

Gastric mucosal blood flow and gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) were investigated in male Wistar rats intraarterially injected with endothelin (ET), an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide. Immediately following ET (4 nmol/kg) administration, gastric mucosal blood flow decreased. Then 30 min later, the blood flow reached the minimum, but PGE2 and PGI2 showed the highest value. PGE2 showed a tendency to decrease 90 min later, while PGI2 continued to show high value. There were redness and hemorrhagic damage in the gastric mucosa. Endogenous PGs were presumed to be relate to the regulation of the development of the mucosal damage owing to decrease in the blood flow after ET administration.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Cerebellar infarction: analysis of 33 cases].

During the past 9 years and 2 months we have encountered 33 cases with cerebellar infarction. These patients were classified into 3 types according to their clinical course. Type 1 (18 cases); The course was benign, and symptoms and signs improved without surgical treatment. Type 2 (11 cases); The course was progressive with deterioration of consciousness between 24-72 hours after the onset. Type 3 (4 cases); The course was rapid resulting in lapse into coma within a few hours. Also, its prognosis was fatal due to coexisting brain-stem infarction regardless of any treatment. Surgical intervention was required for Type 2 in which the lesion included the region of the vermis or occupied more than one-third of the cerebellar hemisphere, and had subsequently compressed the brain-stem and caused obstructive hydrocephalus. In 9 cases out of Type 2, ventricular drainage alone was performed and prompt improvement of consciousness level was detected except in one case. We consider that ventricular drainage is not so invasive a method, and it is beneficial. However, in 2 cases of Type 1 and 4 cases of Type 2, hemorrhagic infarction occurred. Thus, one should be aware of the possibility of hemorrhagic infarction, even though it may be asymptomatic infarction. If prompt improvement of consciousness is not detected after ventricular drainage, suboccipital craniectomy should be recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Cerebellar AVM--clinical analysis of 14 cases].

The authors report on their experience with 14 cases of cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM), with emphasis on their clinical symptoms and treatment problems. The incidence of cerebellar AVM was 7.5% in all cases of intracranial AVM. Twelve of them presented with hemorrhages, one with a headache and one with a focal neurological deficit related to the "steal" phenomenon. Three out of 4 poor risk patients with intracerebellar hematoma recovered well after their operations. Thus, we can say that surgical treatment should be performed even if the patient's state seems hopeless. The nidus was located at the vermis in 7, at the cerebellar hemisphere in 5, and at the tonsil in 2 cases. The surgical approach to the superior surface of cerebellum or the tonsil near the brainstem became a problem. In our series, all surgically treated cases were approached through the suboccipital route with the patient in the prone position and the surgical results were favorable. On the other hand, one case which underwent conservative treatment died due to rebleeding. Thus, as the follow-up mortality with conservative treatment is higher and the results of surgery are better, surgical treatment should be attempted. Preoperative MR imaging is one of the useful methods used to determine whether an excision is possible without significant deficit, especially in cases in which the AVM is located near the brain stem. In our series, two patients had concomitant aneurysms related to feeding arteries. Another interesting case of a neonate who had a small tonsillar AVM is reported.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Cumulative survival rate of chemotherapy with CDDP for malignant ovarian tumors].

The current study covered 159 patients with primary malignant ovarian carcinoma who underwent various kinds of chemotherapy between 1977 and 1987. The cases in each stage were first divided into two groups. Group A (CDDP Group) and Group B (non-CDDP Group), for comparative analysis. The stage I Group was further divided into Subgroup A (CAP Group) and Subgroup B (FAM Group). Similarly, the Stage III Group was subdivided into Subgroup A (three or more courses of ip administration of CDDP). Subgroup B (three or more courses of iv administration of CDDP centering on CAP), Subgroup C (FAM Group), and Subgroup D (non-CDDP Group). In Stage I, the five-year survival rate in Group A was 94% and the comparable figure in Group B was 59%. In Stage III, the two-year and five-year survival rates were 31% and 11% for Group A as opposed to 24% and 18% for Group B. In Stage Ia, the five-year survival rate for Subgroup A was 90% as compared to 75% for Subgroup B. In Stage III, the two-year survival rate for Subgroup A was 67% as compared to 28% for Subgroup B and 30% for Subgroup C. This indicated a very good prognosis in Subgroup A as compared with the other two subgroups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Long-term results of cerebral arteriovenous malformations--surgical and conservative treatment].

During the past 20 years, we have treated 187 cases with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). These 134 patients were treated surgically and the remaining 53 patients were managed non-surgically. The purpose of this study is to clarify the surgical indications of AVMs, based on a comparison of the long-term follow-up results between the surgical and nonsurgical groups. Consequently, good results were obtained in the surgical group: the operative mortality was 7.5% and the morbidity was 12.7%. The long-term follow-up results were as follows: Of the 124 followed cases in the surgical group, there were 16 cases with improvement of neurological deficits (13%) and 3 cases with neurological aggravation (2%). Of the 47 followed cases in the nonsurgical group, there were 5 cases with improvement of neurological deficits (11%) and 6 cases with neurological aggravation (13%). As for the incidence of AVM hemorrhage, there were 8 cases with hemorrhage in the nonsurgical group including 4 cases (3 rebleeding cases) which were fatal (11%), in contrast to one case (subtotal resection) in the surgical group. On follow-up angiography, the size of AVMs were unchanged in the majority of cases in the nonsurgical group, with the exception of 2 cases in which there were slight regressions. In the surgical group, on the other hand, enlargement in 2 cases and spontaneous regression in 3 of residual AVM occurred following incomplete resection. Particularly in 2 cases involving unresectable AVMs, a newly formed aneurysm was discovered in the follow-up angiography, emphasizing the fact that serious follow-up angiography is required in cases of untreated AVMs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[A case of malignant neuroepithelioma in the retroperitoneum].

Reported is a case of a malignant neuroepithelioma in the retroperitoneum. The patient was a 37-year-old male suffering from lumbago and edema of the lower extremities. After ultrasonography and a CT scan, a diagnosis of a retroperitoneal tumor was made and a surgical resection of the tumor was performed in October, 1985. The subsequent pathological diagnosis was malignant neuroepithelioma which showed epithelioid cell clusters that stained positively to NSE. Eleven months later, metastatic tumors were seen present in the lungs and the liver though they regressed markedly after adjuvant chemotherapy with ADM, CPM, and VCR. Forty-one months after his first operation, the patient continues to work. In this case, adjuvant chemotherapy has proved effective.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against particulate guanylate cyclase in porcine kidney.

Three monoclonal antibodies (Ig G1 type) to particulate guanylate cyclase from porcine kidney cortex have been produced by fusing spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mouse with P3X63 myeloma cells. The antibodies were detected by their ability to bind immobilized antigen and by immunoprecipitation of enzyme activity. After subcloning by limiting dilution, hybridomas were injected intraperitoneally into mice to produce ascitic fluid. The antibodies recognized a 180,000 dalton protein in Lubrol-PX extract of porcine kidney cortex membrane, and when immobilized on Sepharose 4B, they co-precipitated both [125I]human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-receptor complex and guanylate cyclase activity. The antibodies caused a greater increase in generation of cGMP than that of ANP.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Activation and maturation mechanisms of boar acrosin zymogen based on the deduced primary structure.

We have isolated cDNA clones encoding boar acrosin, a serine protease participating in the initial stage of fertilization, from boar testis lambda gt11 cDNA libraries. Nucleotide sequencing of the overlapping clones indicates that the composite cDNA inserts contain 1,391 base pairs coding for a 5'-untranslated region, an open reading frame, a stop codon, a 3'-untranslated region, and a poly(A)+ tail. A polyadenylation signal, AATAAA, is located 33 bases upstream from the start of the poly(A)+ tail. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNAs shows that boar acrosin is initially synthesized as a prepro-protein with a 16-residue signal peptide at the NH2 terminus. This signal sequence is followed by a 399-residue sequence corresponding to the acrosin zymogen. COOH-terminal sequence analysis of boar sperm 55-kDa proacrosin and its processed forms indicates that the mature acrosin molecule contains 322 amino acid residues in two polypeptide chains, a 23-residue light chain and a 299-residue heavy chain, with a combined molecular mass of 35,735 Da, and that the 55-kDa proacrosin molecule has 14-, 18-, and 43-residue segments as COOH-terminal extensions that are removed during proacrosin maturation. The COOH-terminal 43-residue segment is rich in proline residues, including an unusual repeat of 23 consecutive prolines. The deduced amino acid sequence of boar acrosin shows a high degree of identity with major portions of other serine proteases, including the active site region and the location of cysteine residues. We conclude that boar acrosin is synthesized as a single-chain polypeptide with the regions corresponding to the light and heavy chains covalently connected by two disulfide bonds, and that the single-chain molecule is autoactivated by cleavage of the Arg23-Val24 bond after removal of the COOH-terminal 14-residue segment, resulting in the formation of the light and heavy chains. This two-chain molecule is then converted to the mature enzyme by removal of the COOH-terminal 18- and 43-residue segments.

Acrosin↗