Biomedical subjects

M Takada

Publications and source records attributed to M Takada.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Three cases of Meige syndrome treated with facial nerve block].

Three cases of Meige syndrome with severe bilateral facial spasm were reported. All patients suffered from abnormal facial movement characterized by blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia, and had atrophic changes of bilateral basal ganglia which were recognized by brain CT scan. Bilateral facial nerve block at the foramen stylomastoideum was applied to those three patients. Excellent results were obtained by this block technique in all the patients. The technique is not so sophisticated and is recommended for the treatment of the patient with Meige's syndrome.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Evidence for retrograde axonal transport of MPP+ in the rat.

Three to 24 h after injecting radioactive 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ([3H]MPTP) into the rat striatum, a considerable number of neuronal perikarya were retrogradely radiolabeled in the dorsal raphe, substantia nigra pars compacta and selected regions of the substantia nigra pars reticulata, leaving cells in the ventral tegmental area unlabeled. Pretreatment with tranylcypromine prevented such radiolabel accumulation, indicating that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) (but not MPTP) undergoes selective uptake and subsequent retrograde transport in these specific striatal afferent systems.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗

PubMed1990

The A11 catecholamine cell group: another origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the amygdala.

A combination of fluorescent retrograde tracing and immunofluorescence histochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase was employed to re-examine the origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the amygdala in the rat. The present data show that the major input source of this innervation includes the subparafascicular thalamic nucleus as well as the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area, but not the substantia nigra pars lateralis.

Amygdala↗

PubMed1990

[A clinical study of recombinant human G-CSF in gynecological tumor patients with neutropenia due to chemotherapy (rG.CSF Clinical Study Group)].

We evaluated clinical efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF), successfully expressed in Chinese hamster ovarian cell, in gynecological tumor patients (pts) with neutropenia due to chemotherapy (CT). Fifty-eight pts with advance or relapsed gynecological malignancy were entered into this study. These pts had neutropenia below 1,000/cmm by CT and in the next cycle of CT they were treated with daily rG-CSF (2 micrograms/kg/day, subcutaneously) starting from the next day of CT for 14 days. The activities of rG-CSF were evaluated using following indices calculated for each cycle: a) the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at nadir, b) the period for restoration in ANC above 1,500/cmm, and c) the total area below the 1,000/cmm level in ANC calculated by a computer. Forty-seven out of 52 evaluable pts (90.4%) showed good response to rG-CSF. Only adverse events considered possibly due to rG-CSF were transient fever and anorexia, one case each. In conclusion, rG-CSF appears to be well tolerated by gynecological tumor patients and to considerably rescue them from neutropenia caused by intensive chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

On the origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus.

The origin of the dopaminergic innervation of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus was examined in the rat. Employing a combination of fluorescent retrograde tracing and immunofluorescence histochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase, we found that this innervation predominantly takes origin from the mesencephalic A8 and A10 catecholamine cell groups.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Evaluation of high-dose etoposide combined with cisplatin for treating relapsed small cell lung cancer.

The synergism of combined high-dose etoposide with standard dose cisplatin (HD-EP) was evaluated in 20 patients who had relapsed after treatment of small cell lung cancer. Each patient was given etoposide at 500 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 3 and cisplatin at 80 mg/m2 (two patients given 120 mg/m2) on day 1; autologous bone marrow was not transplanted. Five patients were given recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF, 50 micrograms/m2) in an attempt to reduce HD-EP induced neutropenia. The overall response was 50% (9 of 18); one complete response (6%), eight partial responses (44%), seven no change (39%), and two progressions of disease (11%). Of the 18 evaluable patients, 12 had been treated with regimens of conventional doses of etoposide with conventional doses of cisplatin or carboplatin, and of these, five (42%) achieved a partial response. The median duration of response was 8.4 weeks (range, 5.3 to 17.7) and the median survival time was 20.3 weeks (range, 1.6 to 91). All of the patients developed severe myelosuppression; rhG-CSF did not shorten the period of the leukopenia. Mucositis and liver dysfunction were the major nonhematologic manifestations of toxicity. Two treatment-related deaths resulted from sepsis. These results suggest that the activities of high doses etoposide with standard doses of cisplatin are synergistic against small cell lung cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Calcium- and voltage-dependent potassium channel in the rat retinal amacrine cells identified in vitro using a cell type-specific monoclonal antibody.

Single-channel currents were studied from identified amacrine cells of rat retinal monolayer cultures. Cells were immunohistochemically identified using an amacrine cell-specific monoclonal antibody, HPC-1. Single-channel currents with the following properties were observed. (1) The mean opening duration was voltage dependent, tending to increase on hyperpolarization. (2) The reversal potential was almost identical to the calculated EK derived from the potassium concentration gradient. (3) The conductance was 110 pS at a low extracellular potassium concentration. (4) Currents were blocked by TEA. (5) Mean opening duration was also dependent on the calcium concentration of the intracellular side. These properties were consistent with the voltage and calcium-dependent potassium channels of a large conductance. Our results also demonstrated that cell-type-specific monoclonal antibodies together with electrophysiological recordings offer a very useful method to investigate the physiological properties of distinct neuronal types in mixed cell cultures.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Direct striatothalamic projections in the neonatal rat.

Employing anterograde axonal transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase and retrograde axonal transport of fluorescent tracers, we provided evidence for the existence of direct striatothalamic projections in the neonatal rat. The major terminal sites included the ventromedial, centrolateral and parafascicular thalamic nuclei. Cells of origin of these projections were aggregated in a mosaic fashion. The fact that such pathways do not exist in the adult suggests that they might play a transient role in the development of basal ganglia-related circuitry. These transient projections may also serve as an ideal model system to study the mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death and/or axon collateral retraction naturally occurring during the development of the nervous system.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Combination chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in small cell lung cancer. An analysis of a 5-year follow-up.

From January 1978 to March 1984, a series of 159 patients with newly diagnosed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was treated with combination chemotherapy with or without chest radiation at the Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital. By March 31, 1989, ten patients (6.3%) had survived for 5 years or more after the initial chemotherapy, including nine of 95 patients (9.5%) with limited disease and one of 64 patients (1.6%) with extensive disease. All these 5-year disease-free survivors, except for one patient whose response could not be assessed by chest radiograph because of radiation fibrosis, had a complete response. Nine of the 71 patients (12.7%) treated with combination regimens containing doxorubicin survived 5 years or more, and only one of the 88 (1.1%) treated with regimens without doxorubicin had long-term survival (P less than 0.01). The sex, performance status (PS), and chest radiation after systemic chemotherapy did not correlate statistically with long-term survival (P greater than 0.05). Three of the ten patients died free of SCLC. Two of the ten patients (20%) developed second malignancies and died. The remaining patient died of pneumonia. The Cox regression analysis identified the PS and doxorubicin-containing regimens as important factors indicating improved survival. Combination regimens containing doxorubicin have, therefore, been found to be very effective in improving survival and achieving long-term survival.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Astroglial ablation prevents MPTP-induced nigrostriatal neuronal death.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a potent neurotoxin which destroys nigrostriatal dopamine neurons, resulting in irreversible idiopathic parkinsonism. MPTP displays dopaminergic neurotoxicity to humans, monkeys, cats and rodents. The oxidative conversion of MPTP to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) is responsible for the generation of its neurotoxicity. This metabolism is mediated by the action of monoamine oxidase B, which in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is localized specifically in astroglia. Employing various combinations of intra-SNc injections of MPTP and the astroglia-specific toxin, L-alpha-aminoadipic acid (L-alpha-AA), we examined the effects of selective astroglial ablation on MPTP-induced nigrostriatal neuronal death in the rat. Varying nigrostriatal cell loss was assessed primarily by the aid of fluorescent retrograde axonal tracing. Treatment with MPTP alone caused tremendous nigrostriatal cell loss, while intra-SNc co-injections of MPTP and L-alpha-AA produced protection against MPTP neurotoxicity in a dose-dependent fashion. Similar effects of L-alpha-AA occurred in the SNc pretreated with the gliotoxin just prior to or 1 day before MPTP administration. However, this preventive action by L-alpha-AA was considerably reduced 3 days after its intra-SNc injection. Interestingly, 7 days following L-alpha-AA pretreatment, nigrostriatal cell loss was even enhanced rather than attenuated by MPTP administered into the SNc. Thus, our data provide clear morphological evidence for the critical importance of the presence of astroglia in the onset of MPTP neurotoxicity.

2-Aminoadipic Acid↗

PubMed1990

Determination of urinary oxalate by high-performance liquid chromatography monitoring with an ultraviolet detector.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) monitoring with an ultraviolet detector was carried out to measure urinary oxalate levels in urolithiasis. Interfering substances in urine were removed by anion exchange prior to chromatography. This procedure was found excellent with respect to sensitivity, reproducibility, and analytical recovery. The findings were in agreement with colorimetric date. The mean oxalate level in 24-hour urine was 30.5 +/- 15.1 mg in patients with a single episode and 36.3 +/- 9.8 mg in recurrent stone formers. The latter values was significantly higher than the normal control level (27.4 +/- 3.8 mg).

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Relationship of plasma and urine composition to recurrence of calcium urinary stones in patients on drug therapy.

Factors relating alterations in plasma and urine composition to recurrence of urinary stones during drug therapy were investigated by using a multiple regression analysis technique. These factors were influenced not only by the efficacy of the drugs but also by other factors (plasma or urinary constituents and overall health of the patients, etc.). In order to study the effect of drug therapy or other treatment on the alteration of plasma and urine constituents, multiple regression analysis is more appropriate than Student's paired t-test which has been used by some workers. These two analytical methods yield different results even if used on the same data.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Differentiation of frog skin active Na+ transport during metamorphosis is induced by thyroid hormone.

Hormonal control of differentiation of the active Na+ transport system across the skin of the Rana catesbeiana tadpole during metamorphosis was investigated. Active Na+ transport in the tadpole does not operate before climax stages (stage XX) because of the lack of a Na+ channel, even though the skin already has a Na+ pump. Injection of aldosterone (200 nmol/kg body wt), corticosterone (500 nmol/kg body wt), or hydrocortisone (300 nmol/kg body wt) at stages XIII-XV and administered for 2 weeks neither induced differentiation of the Na+ channel nor stimulated the Na+ pump. On the other hand, differentiation of the Na+ channel (increase in active Na+ transport) was induced by thyroid hormone without supplementary mineralicorticoid or glucocorticoid treatment. Triiodothyronine (10 nmol/kg body wt every other day for 2 weeks) increased Na+ channel density, even when the mineralicorticoid antagonist spironolactone (20 mumol/kg body wt) or glucocorticoid antagonist metyrapon (442 nmol/kg body wt) were injected. The skin active Na+ transport system acquires aldosterone sensitivity only after differentiation of the Na+ channel is induced by thyroid hormone.

Aldosterone↗

PubMed1990

Allopurinol and thiazide effects on new urinary stone formed after discontinued therapy in patients with urinary stones.

We treated 87 patients with calcium-containing urinary stones with either allopurinol alone (44 patients) or in combination with thiazide (43 patients) and studied new stone formation before, during, and after the discontinuation of the drug therapy. The number of stones formed were 1.18, 0.24, and 0.13 before, during, and after discontinuation of the drug therapy, respectively, in the patients treated with allopurinol alone and 1.32, 0.20, and 0.09 in those treated in combination with thiazide. No differences were observed in these values and the duration of each observation period between the two groups. Decreases in the incidence of stone formation even after interruption of drug therapy suggested that recurrence-preventive effects observed following administration of these drugs include the effects of medical guidance. However, allopurinol therapy was effective in preventing recurrence in patients with hyperuricosuria.

Allopurinol↗

PubMed1990

Calcium oxalate crystal formation in patients with hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism and related metabolic disturbances.

The crystallization of calcium oxalate in the urine of patients with hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism was studied using a mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) system. In addition, calcium metabolism in hyperthyroidism and its relationship to urolithiasis was investigated. The urines from all the three groups (normal subjects, hyperparathyroid and hyperthyroid patients) showed reduced nucleation rates and increased growth rates in comparison with the control synthetic urine. The nucleation rate was not significantly different between the three human urine groups, while the growth rate was significantly higher in the hyperparathyroid group compared to the normal and hyperthyroid groups. Crystal volume (suspension density) in the hyperparathyroid group was approximately twice that in the other two groups. Serum and ionized calcium levels in hyperparathyroid patients were higher than in normal subjects, while hyperthyroid patients had levels only slightly higher than those in normal subjects. The hyperparathyroid and hyperthyroid groups differed significantly from the normal group in urinary calcium excretion. These two groups also showed significantly higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline than did the normal group. Although hyperthyroid patients have a calcium metabolism similar to hyperparathyroid patients, the incidence of urolithiasis is no different between hyperthyroid and normal subjects. The results of both crystallization and calcium metabolism in hyperparathyroid patients were not significantly different between those with and without urolithiasis. The result of crystallization was also not significantly different between hyperparathyroid patients with and without hypercalciuria. This study suggests that hypercalciuria alone does not produce urinary stones and that urine from hyperparathyroid patients may contain promotors of calcium oxalate crystallization and calcium stone formation.

Calcium Oxalate↗

PubMed1990

Clinical effects of prophylactic dietary treatment on renal stones.

From the investigation of the dietary intake and habits of male Japanese renal stone patients we established several general guidelines. Fluid intake should be increased, especially after dinner. Unbalanced diets should be corrected and avoided (the diet should include different types of food, with vegetables being eaten at every meal and an excessive intake of meat should also be avoided). Three meals a day should be eaten and an excessive intake at dinner should be avoided. The interval from dinner until retiring should be extended. By following these individual dietary guidelines the stone recurrence rate in 199 male calcium stone patients who had received individual dietary instruction decreased remarkably compared to that in male calcium stone patients who had not received individual dietary instruction, not only during the period of outpatient visits but also after outpatient visits were discontinued. From these results we conclude that individual dietary management should be the primary measure for the prophylaxis of renal stone disease in Japan.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Dietary intake and habits of Japanese renal stone patients.

The daily consumption of various nutrients as well as the daily habits of 241 male stone patients were investigated. Hypercalciuric (300 mg. or more per day) calcium stone patients ingested much more total protein, fats, oils and calcium than normocalciuric calcium stone patients, and uric acid stone patients ingested much more total and animal protein, and carbohydrates than calcium stone patients. However, the amount of ingested calcium by the patients (470 mg.) was similar to that of age-matched healthy male subjects (476 mg.) and did not reach the level of the daily nutritive requirements (600 mg.). The patients ingested large amounts of nutrients, especially animal protein, during the evening meal. From these results it was believed that synthetic dietary management, including not only ingesting various amounts of nutrients but also changing dietary habits, is necessary for the prophylaxis of renal stones.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Primary structure of mouse proacrosin deduced from the cDNA sequence and its gene expression during spermatogenesis.

In the present study, we identified cDNA clones of mouse acrosin from a testis lambda gt11 library. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that mouse acrosin is initially synthesized as a single-chain polypeptide with a 16-residue signal peptide followed by a 23-residue light chain and then a 394-residue heavy chain; mouse acrosin zymogen contains 417 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 46,993 Da. The cDNA-derived sequence of mouse proacrosin shows a high degree of similarity with human and porcine proacrosins and major portions of bovine trypsin, including the active site residues, the recognition site for substrate, the location of 12 cysteine residues, and two potential N-glycosylation sites. The sequence homology suggests that mouse proacrosin is converted to a mature acrosin, which consists of the light and heavy chains with a combined molecular mass of 35,587 Da, by cleavage of the peptide bond between Arg23 and IIe24, and sequential removal of 23-, 26-, and 50-residue COOH-terminal segments. Using Northern blot analysis of RNAs from various mouse tissues, the acrosin gene transcript was present only in testis. The 1,800-base acrosin message was first detectable in 18-day-old testis. At the same time of testicular development, some of the acrosin mRNA was actually associated with polysomes. Also, in situ hybridization analysis suggests that the acrosin gene is expressed only in the round spermatid. Therefore, it is most likely that transcription of the mouse acrosin gene and subsequent translation of its mRNA first occur in the early stages of the round spermatid, and that the acrosin message is not under translational control.

Acrosin↗