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Biomedical subjects

M Soda

Publications and source records attributed to M Soda.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The preventive effect of estrogen and vitamin D on postmenopausal bone loss].

In order to evaluate the preventive effect of estrogen and vitamin D3 on postmenopausal bone loss, either estrogen (Premarin 0.625 mg/day) or vitamin D3 (Onealfa 1.0 micrograms/day) was administered to postmenopausal women. Changes in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) were monitored by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The lumbar BMD of women given estrogen showed a significant increase at 6 months after treatment. The highest response to estrogen was demonstrated within a year after treatment, and thereafter the effect was diminished but still prevented further bone loss. On the other hand, the effect of vitamin D was heterogeneous. Half of the women receiving vitamin D showed a remarkable increase at a year later, but in the remainder there was a decrease and the overall there was little change from the pretreatment value. These results indicate that estrogen can be used as a first choice for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss, but further studies on the preventive effect of vitamin D are needed.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1991

A review of forty-five years study of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors. Tumor registries and cancer incidence studies.

A tumor registry is essential in the systematic collection and analysis of tumor data in a defined population. Population-based tumor registries have been in operation for more than 30 years in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. While the tumor registry data have previously been used for many site-specific cancer studies in atomic bomb survivors, overall analysis of tumor registry based cancer incidence data among the atomic bomb survivors has not been undertaken for some time. However, a recent improvement in the tumor registries has made it possible to analyze most recent cancer incidence data among the Life Span Study population. Preliminary analysis under way indicates a potential power of the data. There are a few methodological problems associated with the use of the incidence data, especially relating to consistency of data and migration. Several measures taken to resolve such problems are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1990

HLA antigens in Japanese patients with myasthenia gravis.

HLA antigens in 104 Japanese patients and 41 families with myasthenia gravis (MG) were investigated. The frequencies of DR9 and DRw13 were significantly increased in the patients who developed MG before 3 yr of age. The DQw3 antigen was positive for all the patients that developed MG before 15 yr with only one exception. All the examined cases that developed MG before 3 yr (including this DQw3 negative patient) had the same DQA and DQB DNA restriction fragments. These HLA frequencies decreased as the age of onset increased, and no significant association was observed in adult-onset MG. No patients had B8, DR3, and DQw2. The relative risk was higher for the DR9/DRw13 heterozygotes (37.4) than for DR9 (16.4) or DRw13 (7.1) in the childhood-onset MG. Statistical analysis suggested that DR9 and DRw13 (or DQw1 and DQw3) act synergistically in the disease development. Family study revealed diverse DR9 haplotypes. The most frequent DRw13 haplotype was Bw44-BFF-C4A3B1-DRw13-DQw1, which may be evolutionarily related to the caucasian B8-DR3-DQw2 haplotype. These results showed that MG in early childhood in Japanese individuals is genetically different from that in adulthood and that in caucasians.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[Cloning and expression of rat alpha-fetoprotein cDNA in Escherichia coli].

AFP is a major serum protein during ontogeny and is synthesized mainly by the mammalian fetal liver and yolk sac. Its synthesis ceases early in postnatal life and its reappearance in the serum in adult is a sign of hepatoma or yolk sac tumor, since these tumors produce AFP. This paper describes the cloning of rat AFP cDNA spanning complete coding region, its expression in E. coli and characterization of this recombinant AFP. The determination of the nucleotide sequence and cell-free translation of purified AFPmRNA suggested that rat AFP was synthesized as a precursor with a signal peptide of 24 amino acids followed by mature AFP of 587 amino acids. An expression vector was constructed with the cDNA and the introduction of the plasmid into E. coli resulted in the production of immunologically reactive AFP with a molecular weight of 65,000. The recombinant AFP was highly purified by immunoaffinity chromatography followed by SDS-PAGE. Analysis of the amino acids sequence indicated that the product was AFP lacking N-terminal 53 amino acid residues of preAFP.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Malignant tumors during the first 2 decades of life in the offspring of atomic bomb survivors.

The risk of cancer (incidence) prior to age 20 years has been determined for children born to atomic bomb survivors and to a suitable comparison group. Tumor ascertainment was through death certificates and the tumor registries maintained in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The rationale for the study stemmed from the evidence that a significant proportion of such childhood tumors as retinoblastoma and Wilms tumor arise on the basis of a mutant gene inherited from one parent plus a second somatic cell mutation involving the allele of this gene. Gonadal radiation doses were calculated by the recently established DS86 system, supplemented by an ad hoc system for those children for one or both of whose parents a DS86 dose could not be computed but for whom an ad hoc dose could be developed on the basis of the available information. The total data set consisted of (1) a cohort of 31,150 live-born children one or both of whose parents received greater than 0.01 Sv of radiation at the time of the atomic bombings (average conjoint gonad exposure 0.43 Sv) and (2) two suitable comparison groups totaling 41,066 children. Altogether, 43 malignant tumors were ascertained in the children of exposed parents, and 49 malignant tumors were ascertained in the two control groups. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed no increase in malignancy in the children of exposed parents. However, examination of the data suggested that only 3.0-5.0% of the tumors of childhood that were observed in the comparison groups are associated with an inherited genetic predisposition that would be expected to exhibit an altered frequency if the parental mutation rate were increased. There is thus far no confirmation of the positive findings that Nomura found in a mouse system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Trends in the incidence of uterine cancer in Nagasaki city, with special reference to previous atomic bomb exposure, 1973-1982].

An epidemiological study has been conducted to elucidate the trend in the incidence of uterine cancer, a with a reference also to previous A-bomb exposure. Studied were 783 cases (345 exposed and 438 nonexposed) of uterine cancer that were handled from 1973 to 1982. The incidence rate of cervical cancer was significantly higher among the population who came into Nagasaki city within two weeks after exposure. A comparison between the incidence rate of '73-'77 and '78-'82 revealed a decreasing trend of cervical cancer and an increasing trend of corpus cancer. The increasing rate of corpus cancer was higher in the younger group of a-bomb survivors (less than 59 years old) than in the other survivors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the serum osteocalcin level in the postmenopausal and castrated women].

Osteocalcin (OC), the major noncollagenous bone protein, is a vitamin K-dependent protein which is synthesized in osteoblasts. Serum OC is increased in patients with certain metabolic bone diseases, but little is known about the effects of menopause, castration, and the estrogen-replacement therapy on serum OC. In this study, we attempted to determine the serum OC level before and after menopause and castration, and the effects of estrogen on serum OC were also studied. Mean serum OC in women who underwent menopause or castration within 5 years was 4.56 +/- 1.74 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and the concentration was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women. Serum OC was then, transiently reduced but increased again when estrogen deprived conditions lasted for more than 10 years. Estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day for 6 months) could decrease not only serum Ca. P and ALP but also the serum OC from 4.45 +/- 1.40 to 2.97 +/- 1.43 ng/ml (p less than 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the percent changes in serum OC and ALP before and after estrogen administration (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Expression of rat alpha-fetoprotein cDNA in Escherichia coli and in yeast.

Rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) cDNA spanning the complete coding region was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as well as in yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant AFPs (rAFPs) were purified and characterized. The molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 65,000 for E. coli rAFP and 69,000 for yeast rAFP. Amino acid and N-terminal sequence analyses indicated that yeast cells produced mature AFP by processing the signal peptide properly but E. coli rAFP lacked the N-terminal 53 amino acid residues of preAFP. The yeast rAFP was found to be indistinguishable from authentic AFP in the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test, radioimmunoassay and estradiol-binding assay while E. coli rAFP was less reactive in these tests. These observations indicated that the rAFP expressed in yeast emulated the properties of authentic AFP.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Enhancement of the release reaction not accompanied with enhanced phosphatidylinositol turnover in the reserpinized rabbit blood platelets.

Thrombin-induced platelet release reaction examined with secretion of calcium and N-acetylglucosaminidase was significantly enhanced in the platelets from reserpine-treated rabbits as compared with the control. On the other hand, 32P-incorporation into phosphatidic acid was suppressed in the reserpinized platelets in activated state. Thrombin induced phosphatidylinositol (PI)-breakdown, which was examined by decreases in radioactivity and content of PI, and an increase in diacylglycerol, was not enhanced in the reserpinized platelets as compared with the control. The phosphorylation of the specific protein coupled to thrombin-induced platelet PI-breakdown was not stimulated in the reserpinized platelets as compared with the control. In contrast to PI, PC-degradation by thrombin was significantly stimulated in the reserpinized platelets. Possible existence of pathway(s) other than that associated with an enhancement of PI-turnover is conceivable as a mechanism involved in platelet release reaction.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1981

Enhancement of thrombin-induced degradation of phosphatidylcholine in reserpinized rabbit platelets.

When 1-(14)C-arachidonic acid-labeled, washed platelets from the reserpinized rabbits were exposed to thrombin, the decrease in radioactivity of phospholipids was significantly stimulated as compared with the control platelets. The increase in radioactivity of fatty acids and their oxygenated metabolites was also stimulated. TLC analysis revealed that the stimulation of the decrease in radioactivity of phospholipids was almost exclusively attributed to that of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and that thrombin induced a slight but significant increase in radioactivity of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the reserpinized platelets. The results suggest that thrombin-induced degradation of PC is enhanced in the reserpinized platelets, and the overproduced fatty acids would be metabolized to the larger amount of oxygenated products which result in the activation of the platelets. Thrombin-induced mobilization of PC to PE in the reserpinized platelet phospholipids was also suggested.

Animals↗