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M Soda

Publications and source records attributed to M Soda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Salivary gland tumors among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-1987.

BACKGROUND: Malignant and benign tumors of the salivary glands have been associated with exposure to ionizing radiation from various sources, including the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, questions remain unanswered regarding the nature and size of the risk and specific types of tumors involved. METHODS: The incidence and pathology of malignant and benign tumors of the salivary glands was studied in the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Incident cases diagnosed during the period 1950-1987 were ascertained from the tumor and tissue registries of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and supplemented by additional case findings from autopsy, biopsy, and surgical specimens maintained at RERF and other institutions. Pathology slides and medical documents were reviewed by a panel of four pathologists who classified tumors using the World Health Organization classification scheme. Analyses were performed of histologic features associated with radiation exposure. RESULTS: Of 145 tumors of the salivary glands identified (119 of the major and 26 of the minor salivary glands), 120 (83%) were histologically confirmed by the current investigators. Among 41 malignant tumors, the frequency of mucoepidermoid tumor was disproportionately high at high radiation doses (P = 0.04); among 94 benign tumors, the frequency of Warthin's tumor increased with increasing radiation dose (P = 0.06). The nature of the tumor was undetermined for the remaining ten cases. Mortality from malignant tumors of the salivary gland was inversely related to radiation dose, reflecting the predominance of mucoepidermoid carcinoma at high dose levels in this series. In one case with high radiation exposure, mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland was accompanied by a preexisting or coexisting Warthin's tumor. CONCLUSIONS: These findings, supported by population-based analyses in a companion study reported elsewhere, suggest a causal role for ionizing radiation in salivary gland tumorigenesis, particularly for mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and in the induction of one type of benign tumor (Warthin's tumor).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss with minimal uterine bleeding using low dose continuous estrogen/progestin therapy: a 2-year prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To re-examine the minimal effective dose of conjugated estrogen (CEE)-progestin hormone replacement on postmenopausal bone loss. DESIGN: A 2-year, prospective, open label, randomized study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two postmenopausal or oophorectomized women. INTERVENTION: One of the following regimens was continuously administered for 2 years: (1) CEE 0.625 mg/day, (2) CEE 0.625 mg + medroxyprogesterone (MPA) 2.5 mg/day, (3) CEE 0.31 mg + MPA 2.5 mg/day and (4) control. MEASUREMENTS: Lumbar spine and femoral BMD by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), a monthly based incidence of bleeding, serum lipids, PTH, calcitonin. A1-p, and osteocalcin. RESULTS: Of the 52 patients enrolled in this study, 49 patients completed the 1 year of therapy and 36 completed the 2- year study. The control group showed a significant decrease in lumbar BMD over the 2 years (P < 0.05). The % changes in lumbar BMD at 2 years of CEE alone, CEE 0.625 + MPA and CEE 0.31 + MPA were 8.52% (95% confidence intervals; 4.61 approximately 12.4%), 7.4% (0.60 approximately 14.2%) and 3.20% (0.61 approximately 5.84%), respectively, and were significantly higher than pretreatment values. The incidence of bleeding was significantly lower in women taking CEE 0.31 mg + MPA. HDL cholesterol increased in women taking CEE 0.625 mg alone or with MPA. No significant changes in lipid profiles were seen in the control or in the group of women taking CEE 0.31 mg + MPA. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using 0.31 mg of CEE and 2.5 mg of MPA is effective in increasing lumbar BMD in postmenopausal or oophorectomized women and can be an appropriate option for women with a normal lipid profile or those women wishing to eliminate unscheduled bleeding.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1997

Estrogen receptor gene polymorphism and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine of pre- and postmenopausal women.

In order to analyze the role of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene allelic polymorphisms on bone mineral density (BMD), 173 pre- and postmenopausal women were divided into four groups according to their menstrual status (group A: premenopausal women; group B: late premenopausal women; group C: postmenopausal women who had menopause for 5 years or less; and group D: postmenopausal women who had menopause for more than 5 years), and the relationship between ER gene polymorphism and lumbar spine BMD, the percent annual change in BMD and biochemical markers were studied. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs) were represented as Xx (XbaI) and Pp (PvuII), with upper case and lower case letters signifying the absence or presence of restriction sites, respectively. In group A, the Xx genotype had significantly higher BMD (p < 0.01) than the xx genotype, but the difference was lost in groups B, C, and D. Because the percent annual change in BMD of group A was 0.052% and was not statistically different among genotypes, it is suggested that RFLP by Xba I is closely linked with peak bone mass that was attained during the subject's late thirties. In group B, serum N-region osteocalcin (N-OC) levels and the percent annual change in BMD showed a significantly larger increase than that of group A, indicating postmenopausal bone loss had commenced. Because the N-OC level of the Xx genotype was significantly higher than that of the xx genotype (p < 0.05), and the percent annual change in BMD of the Xx genotype showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.072), it is suggested that the high BMD of the Xx genotype is rapidly lost during menopausal transition. There were no significant relationships between RFLP and BMD in groups C and D, and between RFLP and BMD in groups C and D, and between RFLP by PvuII and BMD. The present study suggests that the Xx genotype is involved in accretion of BMD during young adulthood, but the effect was lost during menstrual transition.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Surgery of gastric cancer in patients over 80 years old.

A retrospective study on postoperative complications and factors affecting prognosis was performed on elderly patients with gastric cancer. We studied the correlation of age, pathological depth, preoperative laboratory data, physical status, duration of surgery, volume of blood loss, blood transfusion, curability, and extent of lymph node dissection to postoperative complications and prognosis in 47 patients with gastric cancer over 80 years old. Preoperative function of lung and liver frequently showed abnormal data. Postoperative complications were noted in 47% of patients, especially in the pulmonary system, liver and heart. Curability and extent of lymph node dissection were the significant factor affecting survival. Some mortalities caused by initial malignancy were recognized in the conservative lymph node dissection in the stage I. The incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different according to extent of lymph node dissection. Blood transfusion was the only significant factor for the incidence of postoperative complication. The most frequent cause of death was the initial malignancy. We recommend that a low grade lymph node dissection should not be readily chosen for elderly patients in early cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Correlation between systolic blood pressure and physical development in adolescence.

Although the close relation between blood pressure and physical development in adolescence has been established in cross-sectional and comparative cross-sectional studies, the entire trend of systolic blood pressure (SBP) during adolescence has not been elucidated in conjunction with physical development in a longitudinal study. Blood pressure (mmHg), body weight (kg), and body height (m) were measured annually for 418 subjects in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, from age 10 (1955 or 1956) through 18 years (1963 or 1964). The Gompertz growth model was used to determine the velocity of weight increase (VEL) during that age period. The relations between SBP from age 10 to 18 and VEL, weight, height, body mass index (BMI; weight/height2, kg/m2), and the age at which the measurements were made were investigated individually using random-coefficient growth-curve analysis. The SBP trend for the 10- to 18-year age period could be shown by the following prediction equations: for the 163 Hiroshima males, SBP = 82.38 + 0.89 VEL at age 1.15 years prior to the current examination (VEL (age - 1.15)) + 1.40 BMI; for the 57 Nagasaki males, SBP = 92.70 + 1.07 VEL (age - 1.15) + 0.79 BMI; for the 148 Hiroshima females, SBP = 104.88 + 1.63 VEL (age - 1.15) + 0.05 BMI; for the 50 Nagasaki females, SBP = 113.62 + 1.67 VEL (age - 1.15) - 0.59 BMI. VEL 1.15 years prior to the current examination was significantly and positively related to SBP in each city by sex group (p < 0.01), and current BMI was significantly related to SBP for males in Hiroshima (p < 0.01) and nearly so in Nagasaki (p = 0.06), but not for females in either city (p = 0.84 and 0.13, respectively). Because the plot of VEL was a convex curve, SBP peaked approximately 1-2 years after the peak in VEL and then decreased in both sexes. The entire SBP trend during adolescence can be expressed as an equation of VEL and BMI in males and of VEL in females. SBP does not increase linearly with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effects of menopause on trends of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index.

BACKGROUND: To elucidate the impact of menopause on coronary risk factors, we determined the trends of serum cholesterol (mg/dL), blood pressure (BP, mm Hg), and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and investigated whether menopause affects these trends in women in Nagasaki, Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trends of cholesterol, systolic BP (SBP), and BMI from 9 years before menopause through 9 years after menopause in 579 women with natural menopause (ranging in age from 40.2+/-3.1 to 57.9+/-3.1 years; age at menopause, 49.4+/-3.0 years) and 134 women with surgical menopause (hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy; ranging in age from 34.9+/-4.5 to 51.7+/-5.1 years; age at menopause, 42.9+/-5.0 years) and those in 579 and 134 age- and time-matched male subjects (ranging in age from 40.1+/-3.1 to 57.8+/-3.2 years and from 35.2+/-4.5 to 51.6+/-5.0 years, respectively) in Nagasaki were determined by rearrangement of the data from 1958 to 1989 with time of menopause as the datum line. Although cholesterol tended to increase with age in both sexes, it increased significantly in women from 3 years before natural menopause to 1 year after natural menopause and from 1 year before surgical menopause to 1 year after surgical menopause. SBP and BMI did not exhibit a significant increase in relation to natural or surgical menopause. In male subjects, no significant increase of cholesterol, SBP, or BMI was observed at the age corresponding to natural or surgical menopause. CONCLUSIONS: Natural menopause and surgical menopause exert an effect only on cholesterol, and an increase in cholesterol precedes natural menopause by 3 years and occurs at the time of surgical menopause.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Calcium supplements increase bone mineral density in women with low serum calcium levels during long-term estrogen therapy.

In order to clarify whether the long-term effect of estrogen on bone mineral density (BMD) is reinforced by low dose calcium supplements, 600-800 mg of calcium lactate was administered to postmenopausal or oophorectomized women who had been undergoing unopposed estrogen therapy for at least 2 years and whose serum calcium level was suppressed to below the normal range. To patients whose serum calcium levels had been within the normal range, the same dose of estrogen alone was continued. Changes in lumbar spine BMD before and after calcium supplementation was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lumbar spine BMD decreased by -0.37% for 2 years in women treated with estrogen alone, while that of women treated with estrogen and calcium increased by 2.78% (P = 0.003). These results indicate that low dose calcium supplements potentiate the effect of estrogen in women with decreased serum calcium during long-term hormone replacement therapy.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for gastric cancer].

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using implantable reservoir was performed for liver metastases of gastric cancer and the therapeutic effects were evaluated. A catheter was placed in the hepatic artery via left subclavian artery or by direct insertion at laparotomy. Cisplatin, adriamycin and 5-FU were administered. The liver metastases of gastric cancer without unresectable primary tumors and hepatectomy were divided into two groups, 16 HAIC cases (11 synchronous, 5 metachronous metastases) and 23 systemic chemotherapeutic cases (10 synchronous, 13 metachronous metastases). As a result, HAIC revealed a 62.5% response rate. The 50% survival period was 395 days for HAIC, and it was significantly prolonged compared with 198 days for systemic chemotherapy (p < 0.01). But 4 among 10 cases responding to HAIC showed subsequent extrahepatic spread of the disease. Treatment of these extra-hepatic lesions is difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Radiation studies.

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Government Agencies↗
PubMed1995

Effects of exercise and amenorrhea on bone mineral density in teenage runners.

In order to elucidate whether exercise and calcium intake can offset bone loss due to hypoestrogenemia in teenage girls, the lumbar and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in elite amenorrheic runners (group 1 (n = 8)) was compared with those in eumenorrheic athletes (group 2 (n = 15)) and two groups of eumenorrheic non-athletic subjects, group 3 (n = 14), and group 4 (n = 15). BMD was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The subjects in group 1 lived in the dormitory, and their calcium intake was controlled to > 1400 mg/day. The subjects in groups 1, 2 and 3 were age matched (16-17 years old), but the body weight of those in group 2 was significantly greater than that of others. The subjects in groups 1, 3 and 4 were weight matched, but group 4 subjects were older by 5 years (21.0 +/- 0.2 years old). The lumbar BMD of group 1 was 1.0460 +/- 0.0259, which was not statistically different from those in the other groups, while the femoral BMD of group 1 was significantly higher than those of groups 3 and 4 at trochanter. The lumbar and femoral BMD of group 2 was significantly higher than in groups 3 and 4, but was not statistically different from group 1. There were no significant differences in serum parathyroid hormone levels, but osteocalcin and calcitonin levels of group 1 were significantly lower than those of groups 2 and 3, and groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively, suggesting that the rate of bone formation is suppressed in amenorrheic runners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with implantable reservoir against unresectable gastric cancer].

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy was applied for eight unresectable gastric cancer patients, including two exploratory laparotomy and six gastrojejunostomy. Chemotherapeutic agents were given ip at a dose of 75 mg/body of cisplatin and 150 mg/body etoposide and iv at a dose of 10 mg/body of mitomycin C as well as orally 5-FU. This treatment was repeated three to ten times. An overall response rate against primary lesion was 40%. Six month and 1 year survival rate of this therapy were 87.5% and 75% respectively, while those of control group were 42% and 0%. Median duration of survival was 518 days in this chemotherapy group and 172 days in the control. In this study, intraperitoneal chemotherapy group showed a significant improvement of survival compared to the control. All patients were able to stay home between therapies. This method seemed to be beneficial to the unresectable gastric cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Cancer incidence in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, 1958-1987.

The Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumour registries, which have been in operation since 1958, are among the few population-based cancer registries in Japan. This analysis evaluated cancer incidence in Hiroshima and Nagasaki between 1958 and 1987. The overall age-adjusted (World Population Standard) cancer incidence has increased from 217 to 301 per 100,000 among males, and from 176 to 197 per 100,000 among females during the first 30 years of cancer registration. The most recent rates are intermediate to rates in other countries. Despite a gradual decrease, gastric cancer remained the most common malignancy among males and females throughout the surveillance period, accounting for 24% of all cancers by the late 1980s. The rate of liver cancer has increased dramatically among males during the past 20 years, with a 2-fold increase in incidence in the past 10 years alone. The populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki now have among the highest rates of liver cancer in the world. Breast cancer incidence in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, in contrast, is among the lowest in the world, although incidence rates have doubled since the 1960s. Other common malignancies include cancers of the lung, colon and rectum among males and cancers of the colon, cervix and lung among females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[The effect of intraperitoneal and intra-aortic chemotherapy for unresectable gastric cancer].

Regional chemotherapy was given 16 unresectable gastric cancer patients. Two types of the chemotherapy, intraperitoneal (IP) and intraaortic (IA) administration, were carried out. The control group was comprised of 17 patients. The response of the chemotherapy for primary tumor was 36.4% in the IP group and 20% in the IA one. Among these patients, 2 of 11 in IP and 1 of 5 in IA were able to resect the primary tumor. The 50% survival time of IP, IA and control was 347, 227 and 78 days, respectively. One-year survival rates of IP, IA and control were 68%, 29% and 0%, respectively. IP showed a significantly longer survival rate than controls (p < 0.001). All but one patient was able to stay at home. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy showed both local and systemic effects in unresectable gastric cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part I: Use of the tumor registries in Hiroshima and Nagasaki for incidence studies.

More than 30 years ago, population-based tumor registries were established in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This report, the first of a series of papers on cancer incidence, describes methodological aspects of the tumor registries and discusses issues of data quality in the context of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort, the major atomic bomb survivor population. The tumor registries in Hiroshima and Nagasaki are characterized by active case ascertainment based on abstraction of medical records at area hospitals, augmented by tissue registries operational in the area and a number of clinical and pathological programs undertaken over the years among the atomic bomb survivors. Using conventional measures of quality, the Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries have a death certificate-only (DCO) rate of less than 9%, a mortality/incidence (M/I) ratio of about 50%, and a histological verification (HV) rate in excess of 70%, which place these registries among the best in Japan and comparable to many established registries worldwide. All tumor registry data pertaining to the LSS population were assembled, reviewed and handled with special attention given to the quality and uniformity of data based on standardized procedures. Special studies and monitoring programs were also introduced to evaluate the quality of the tumor incidence data in the LSS. Analyses were performed to examine the quality of incidence data overall and across various substrata used for risk assessment such as age, time and radiation dose groups. No significant associations were found between radiation dose and data quality as measured by various indices. These findings warrant the use of the present tumor registry-based data for studies of cancer incidence in the atomic bomb survivors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958-1987.

This report presents, for the first time, comprehensive data on the incidence of solid cancer and risk estimates for A-bomb survivors in the extended Life Span Study (LSS-E85) cohort. Among 79,972 individuals, 8613 first primary solid cancers were diagnosed between 1958 and 1987. As part of the standard registration process of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries, cancer cases occurring among members of the LSS-E85 cohort were identified using a computer linkage system supplemented by manual searches. Special efforts were made to ensure complete case ascertainment, data quality and data consistency in the two cities. For all sites combined, 75% of the cancers were verified histologically, 6% were diagnosed by direct observation, 8% were based on a clinical diagnosis, and 12.6% were ascertained by death certificate only. A standard set of analyses was carried out for each of the organs and organ systems considered. Depending on the cancer site, Dosimetry System 1986 (DS86) organ or kerma doses were used for computing risk estimates. Analyses were based on a general excess relative risk model (the background rate times one plus the excess relative risk). Analyses carried out for each site involved fitting the background model with no dose effect, a linear dose-response model with no effect modifiers, a linear-quadratic dose-response model with no effect modifiers, and a series of linear dose-response models that included each of the covariates (sex, age at exposure, time since exposure, attained age and city) individually as effect modifiers. Because the tumor registries ascertain cancers in the registry catchment areas only, an adjustment was made for the effects of migration. In agreement with prior LSS findings, a statistically significant excess risk for all solid cancers was demonstrated [excess relative risk at 1 Sv (ERR1Sv) = 0.63; excess absolute risk (EAR) per 10(4) person-year sievert (PY Sv) = 29.7]. For cancers of the stomach (ERR1SV = 0.32), colon (ERR1SV = 0.72), lung (ERR1SV = 0.95), breast (ERR1SV = 1.59), ovary (ERR1SV = 0.99), urinary bladder (ERR1SV = 1.02) and thyroid (ERR1SV = 1.15), significant radiation associations were observed. There was some indication of an increase in tumors of the neural tissue (excluding the brain) among persons exposed to the bombs before age 20. For the first time, radiation has been associated with liver (ERR1SV = 0.49) and nonmelanoma skin (ERR1SV = 1.0) cancer incidence in the LSS cohort. The present analysis also strengthened earlier findings, based on a smaller number of cases, of an effect of A-bomb radiation on salivary gland cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part IV: Comparison of cancer incidence and mortality.

This report compares cancer incidence and mortality among atomic bomb survivors in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation Life Span Study (LSS) cohort. Because the incidence data are derived from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries, case ascertainment is limited to the time (1958-1987) and geographic restrictions (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) of the registries, whereas mortality data are available from 1950-1987 anywhere in Japan. With these conditions, there were 9,014 first primary incident cancer cases identified among LSS cohort members compared with 7,308 deaths for which cancer was listed as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. When deaths were limited to those occurring between 1958-1987 in Hiroshima or Nagasaki, there were 3,155 more incident cancer cases overall, and 1,262 more cancers of the digestive system. For cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, skin, breast, female and male genital organs, urinary system and thyroid, the incidence series was at least twice as large as the comparable mortality series. Although the incidence and mortality data are dissimilar in many ways, the overall conclusions regarding which solid cancers provide evidence of a significant dose response generally confirm the mortality findings. When either incidence or mortality data are evaluated, significant excess risks are observed for all solid cancers, stomach, colon, liver (when it is defined as primary liver cancer or liver cancer not otherwise specified on the death certificate), lung, breast, ovary and urinary bladder. No significant radiation effect is seen for cancers of the pharynx, rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, nose, larynx, uterus, prostate or kidney in either series. There is evidence of a significant excess of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the incidence data, but not in the mortality series. Cancers of the salivary gland and thyroid are also in excess in the incidence series, but they were not evaluated in the earlier mortality analyses. For all solid tumors the estimated excess relative risk at 1 Sv (ERR1Sv) for incidence (ERR1Sv = 0.63) is 40% larger than the excess relative risk (ERR) based on mortality data from 1950-1987 in all Japan (ERR1Sv = 0.45). The corresponding excess absolute risk (EAR) point estimate is 2.7 times greater for incidence than mortality. For some cancer sites, the difference in the magnitude of risk between incidence and mortality is greater. These differences reflect the greater diagnostic accuracy of the incidence data and the lack of full representation of radiosensitive but relatively nonfatal cancers, such as breast and thyroid, in the mortality data. Analyses of both incidence and mortality data are needed since the two end points provide complementary information for risk assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Incidence of female breast cancer among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-1985.

An incidence survey among atomic bomb survivors identified 807 breast cancer cases, and 20 second breast cancers. As in earlier surveys of the Life Span Study population, a strongly linear radiation dose response was found, with the highest dose-specific excess relative risk (ERR) among survivors under 20 years old at the time of the bombings. Sixty-eight of the cases were under 10 years old at exposure, strengthening earlier reports of a marked excess risk associated with exposure during infancy and childhood. A much lower, but marginally significant, dose response was seen among women exposed at 40 years and older. It was not possible, however, to discriminate statistically between age at exposure and age at observation for risk as the more important determinant of ERR per unit dose. A 13-fold ERR at 1 Sv was found for breast cancer occurring before age 35, compared to a 2-fold excess after age 35, among survivors exposed before age 20. This a posteriori finding, based on 27 exposed, known-dose, early-onset cases, suggests the possible existence of a susceptible genetic subgroup. Further studies, involving family histories of cancer and investigations at the molecular level, are suggested to determine whether such a subgroup exists.

Adult↗