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Biomedical subjects

M Soda

Publications and source records attributed to M Soda.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Total parenteral nutrition after small intestinal bypass operation in rats.

A jejuno-ileal bypass operation which excluded about 85% of the small intestine was conducted in two groups of rats to evaluate the effects of oral feeding versus total parental nutrition (TPN). One group received food orally while another group received TPN. Two other groups of nutritive control animals underwent laparotomy and suture markings on the intestine. Animals were sacrificed two weeks after the shunt or sham operation. The liver, kidneys, pancreas and spleen were weighed. The wet and dry weights and the villus height of small intestinal segments were also determined. The shunt-operated TPN rats showed a body weight gain of 28% over the initial body weight while the orally fed animals showed an increase of 3.2%. The TPN controls had a negative nitrogen balance only on the day of the sham operation, whereas the TPN shunt-operated animals changed to positive nitrogen balance on the second postoperative day. The wet weights of the liver, kidneys and spleen were significantly higher in TPN animals. The functioning region of the small intestine in the shunt-operated animals was hypertrophic in both the orally fed and the TPN animals, but there were greater quantitative changes in the orally fed animals. The experiments demonstrated the beneficial effect in rats of TPN over oral nutrition for the treatment of surgically induced malabsorption. The studies also showed that the small intestine is capable of developing compensatory mucosal action without intraluminal nutritive content, although the presence of food in the lumen appears to stimulate morphological changes to a greater extent after massive small bowel resection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Morphological changes in the small intestine following jejuno-ileal shunt in parenterally fed rats.

In order to study the importance of the presence of food in the intestinal lumen during the process of adaptation occurring after diminished absorptive surface, four groups of rats were operated upon. In two experimental groups a jejuno-ileal bypass was created, which excluded about 85% of the small intestine. The two control groups underwent laparotomy and suture-marking of the intestine. One experimental and one control group received standard oral nutrition. The other two groups were solely nourished by total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Two weeks after operation the animals were sacrificed; intestinal wet and dry weight per 3 cm and villus height were determined from five small intestinal segments. The functioning part of the small intestine of the shunt-operated animals was hypertrophic in both the orally fed and the TPN groups as compared with the sham-operated controls with the corresponding nutrition. The hypertrophy comprised significant changes of wet and dry weight and villus height. These values were, however, more increased in the orally fed animals, expressed in absolute figures. The percentual increase of villus height was greater in the TPN animals. The experiments demonstrated that rats with adequate parenteral nutrition two weeks after 85% small intestinal bypass operation develop hypertrophic changes of the intestinal mucosa. This indicates the existence of a non-food-dependent mechanism in the development of adaptive mucosa changes, nevertheless the presence of food seems to stimulate quantitatively higher changes. The presence of food is also of importance for maintaining the intestinal mass.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Length and lead time biases in radiologic screening for lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to investigate whether the length and lead-time biases of radiologic screening for lung cancers vary according to the histologic type of the tumor. METHODS: We analyzed the survival rates and radiographs of 119 cases of adenocarcinomas-large-cell carcinomas (ALC) and 50 peripheral squamous cell carcinomas (PSQ) detected in 205,401 screened individuals. RESULTS: The sensitivity of screening and 5-year survival rates were 84.0% and 48.2% for ALC, and 52.0% and 18.5% for PSQ, respectively. The corrected length bias was 4.3% for ALC and 4. 6% for PSQ. Stage III-IV ALC was often identified on 1-year-old films, but stage III-IV PSQ was not. Half of stage I ALC presented 2 or more years before detection, while half of stage I PSQ appeared within 1 year before detection. The survival rate of nonresected cases with stage I ALC was decreased 4 years after detection, while that of nonresected cases with stage I PSQ was decreased just after detection. The period of stage I ALC and PSQ was at least 6 years and 1 year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Slowly growing ALC had high sensitivity in radiologic screening and a high rate in 5-year survival, but had long lead time and delay in detection. PSQ grew rapidly resulting in low sensitivity in radiologic screening, and short lead time and survival. In both types, the magnitude of corrected length bias was not remarkable. The survival of ALC should be carefully evaluated because of the long lead time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A rare case of recurrent alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer without re-elevation of serum AFP.

We report an extremely rare case of recurrent alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric cancer without re-elevation of serum AFP. The patient was a 78-year-old woman with AFP-producing gastric cancer, a rare type of gastric adenocarcinoma. A Borrmann III gastric tumour was surgically resected and AFP-producing gastric cancer was diagnosed based on high levels of serum AFP (705.44 ng/ml) and immunohistochemical examination of the tumour. The serum AFP level decreased to the normal range after resection without any sign of recurrence by imaging, but the patient developed local recurrence of the cancer and died 13 months after surgery. No re-elevation of serum AFP levels was observed after recurrence. Although serum AFP levels are believed to be useful for follow-up in the post-operative period, the possibility that serum AFP levels do not always correlate with the extent of the cancer should be kept in mind.

Adenocarcinoma↗