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Biomedical subjects

M Shinohara

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinohara.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1983)].

Bacterial isolates from the patients with pulmonary infections have been collected over these 3 years, in collaboration with investigators at 13 hospitals in various parts of Japan for the study on frequency of isolation of pathogens among the patients and their drug susceptibilities. Possible causative pathogens mainly isolated from sputum in patients with lower respiratory tract infections during period from September 1983 to March 1984, were collected. The frequency of bacterial isolates from the sputum and their drug susceptibility on H. influenzae among the various pathogens are discussed. The kinds of bacterial species isolated from the patients with respiratory tract infections associated with chronic bronchitis, chronic capillary bronchitis or bronchiectasis and their relative frequency of isolation were as follows; Total numbers of bacterial isolates collected from various hospitals were 220 strains in 1981, 168 strains 1982 and 258 strains in 1983. H. influenzae was always isolated with highest frequency of 50.5% in 1981, 45.8% in 1982 and 40.7% in 1983, and followed by P. aeruginosa (24.1%), S. aureus (8.2%), S. pneumoniae (7.3%) and K. pneumoniae (5.9%) and E. coli (4.1%) in 1981; P. aeruginosa (30.4%), S. pneumoniae (11.9%), S. aureus (4.8%), K. pneumoniae (3.0%) and E. coli (1.8%) in 1982; P. aeruginosa (26.7%), S. pneumoniae (10.1%), S. aureus (7.8%), K. pneumoniae (3.5%) and E. coli (3.5%) in 1983. The drug susceptibility test of H. influenzae to ampicillin (ABPC), piperacillin (PIPC), mezlocillin (MZPC), sulbenicillin (SBPC), gentamicin (GM), amikacin (AMK), cefotiam (CTM), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX) and latamoxef (LMOX) was done by using agar micro-broth dilution methods. H. influenzae was most markedly susceptible to cephems of the third generation, especially to CMX, CZX and CTX by which about 95% of H. influenzae tested were inhibited the growth under the concentration with less than or equal to 0.10 microgram/ml of the drugs. Furthermore, annual changes in susceptibility of H. influenzae to various antibiotics was analyzed over the period from 1981 to 1983. The frequency of S. pneumoniae isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis was about 10% in this survey. However, in the case of respiratory infections associated with bacterial pneumonia, the frequencies were as follows; 24.8% (77 cases/311 cases) in 1981, 17.7% (44 cases/248 cases) in 1982, and 11.0% (39 cases/355 cases) in 1983. The frequency of isolation of S. pneumoniae decreased every year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[The effects of hepatic ischemia on systemic blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in mongrel dogs].

In order to elucidate the effects of hepatic ischemia on systemic blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, experimental study was performed. Under the heparinized hydrophilic catheter-bypass between splenic and femoral vein, the hepato-duodenal and hepato-gastric ligaments were ligated to interrupt hepatic blood inflow in 5 dogs, and temporary interruption of hepatic blood inflow for 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes were performed in each 5 dogs. In this experimental study, changes of systemic blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and histological changes of the liver were investigated periodically. Continuous interruption of hepatic blood inflow decreased blood coagulability gradually. Temporary interruption of hepatic blood inflow for more than 60 minutes caused remarkable decrease of blood coagulability after declamp, and histologically fibrin deposits were found in sinusoid and portal vein of Glisson's area, indicating that apparent DIC occurred in the liver at more than 60 minutes after clamp. One hour after declamp of 90 minutes interruption of hepatic blood inflow, most of fibrin deposits disappeared but severe degeneration of endothelial cell of sinusoid and hepatocyte were observed, indicating the disturbance of hepatic microcirculation which caused acute liver failure and systemic DIC, finally death in shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Metabolic and behavioral consequences of lidocaine-kindled seizures.

Daily administration of lidocaine results in progressive increases in frequency and duration of convulsions in response to a dose of drug which was previously subconvulsive--a pharmacological kindling phenomenon. The effects of such lidocaine-kindling on local cerebral glucose utilization were determined by the 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method. Lidocaine-treated animals, in the absence of convulsions, exhibited decreased glucose utilization in most brain structures compared to saline-treated animals and showed no increase in aggressive behavior. In animals displaying lidocaine-kindled convulsions there were marked increases in glucose utilization in either the hippocampus and amygdala or in perirhinal cortical areas during the seizure administration; these animals also displayed long-lasting increases in irritable behavior. Seizure duration was positively correlated with the rate of glucose utilization in the hippocampus, amygdala and septum, but inversely correlated in several non-limbic areas. These data suggest that lidocaine-kindled seizures are highly localized to limbic and perirhinal structures and are associated with important behavioral consequences.

Aggression↗
PubMed1984

Childbirth in true hermaphrodite.

14-year-old Japanese girl with a 46,XX karyotype underwent an exploratory laparotomy for signs of virilization. The left ovary and other pelvic organs were of female type. The right gonad was found to be an ovotestis which was removed. At age of 25, the patient gave birth to a normal male infant by full-term, vaginal delivery. In the literature, this is the third case of normal delivery in 7 true hermaphrodites with pregnancy and childbirth.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of K-76 monocarboxylic acid, an anticomplementary agent, on various in vivo immunological reactions and on experimental glomerulonephritis.

K-76 monocarboxylic acid (K-76 COOH) caused rapid reduction in hemolytic activities of complement and some of its components, especially C5, when injected into guinea pigs or rats. K-76 COOH suppressed Forssman shock in guinea pigs and mice and heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. It also reduced the amount of protein excreted in the urine of rats with nephrotoxic nephritis and greatly prolonged the survival of (NZB X NZW) F1 female mice with a spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease. The glomeruli of mice treated with K-76 COOH retained almost the normal histological appearance even at 1 year of age. K-76 COOH-treated mice became less sensitive to the infection of Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pneumoniae, probably by enhancement of phagocytosis due to inhibition of factor I. K-76 COOH did not have any significant effect on a delayed-type contact skin reaction in mice, or on experimental allergic encephalitis in guinea pigs.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1984

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1982)].

Two hundred seventy-six bacterial strains were isolated as possible causative pathogens mainly from sputum in 248 patients with lower respiratory tract infections at 12 medical institutions in various parts of Japan during the period from September 1982 to March 1983. Of these, 272 isolates including 28 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 38 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains, 107 Haemophilus influenzae strains, 68 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, 17 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 9 Escherichia coli strains and 5 strains of other species were tested in vitro for MICs of various antibiotics, and their drug sensitivity distributions determined. Data were also analyzed for distribution of cases by clinical entities, age and sex, interrelations between the types of infections and the species and frequency of isolation of organisms, and relations of the antimicrobial regimens at collection of clinical specimens to the species and frequency of isolation of the organisms. It engenders great interest that there was a significant increase in frequency of S. aureus isolation within 7 days after antibiotic therapy, compared to pretreatment isolation frequency, in the 1982 series. This seems to deserve further investigation in detail. The H. influenzae strains isolated with the highest frequency in 1981 and those in 1982 were examined as to susceptibility to several representative antibiotics, with interdrug comparisons: ABPC vs. SBPC, CTM vs. CMZ, and CMX vs. LMOX. The isolates demonstrated high degrees of susceptibility to these drugs and there was no conspicuous change in bacterial sensitivity to the drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Colposcopy in the management of cervical dysplasia.

A follow-up study was carried out on 27 patients with high dysplasia and 133 patients with mild dysplasia for at least 1 year, using mainly cytodiagnosis and colposcopy. Advanced cases were identified in 25.9% of the first group and 8.3% in the latter group. It was demonstrated that these advanced cases could be found without fail from colposcopic findings combined with cytodiagnosis.

Colposcopy↗
PubMed1983

A bilateral total cleft of lip and hard and soft palate and transverse cleft face with an atypical paramedian defect of the lower lip and lower jaw on the right side. A case report of a new syndrome?

A three-month-old male baby who has a complete bilateral cleft of the lip and hard and soft palate, and a right unilateral transverse facial cleft, with an atypical paramedian defect of the lower lip and jaw is reported in detail. As these associated malformations are very rare, it may represent a new dysmorphic syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Responses of serum testosterone levels to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome after long-term androgen replacement therapy.

Responses of serum testosterone levels to repeated daily injections of 5000 IU hCG for 4 days were studied in 24 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome. Eighteen patients were untreated, and 8 had been given previous treatment with depot testosterone 100 mg intramuscularly every 2-3 weeks for an average duration of 4.7 years. Among them, 4 patients were examined both before and after the therapy. The hCG test was performed at least 2 weeks (0.5-12 months) after the last injection of depot testosterone in the treated patients. Mean basal testosterone level of the treated patients, 139 +/- 98 ng/dl (Mean +/- SD), was not significantly different from that of the untreated patients, 172 +/- 110 ng/dl. Maximum stimulated testosterone level in the treated patients, 170 +/- 107 ng/dl (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that long-term androgen administration may decrease the functional reserve of Leydig cells in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1981)].

During the period from September 1981 to March 1982, 363 bacterial isolates were obtained as possible pathogens from 311 patients with lower respiratory tract infections at 12 medical institutions in Japan. Of these clinical isolates, mostly from the sputum, a total of 231 isolates including 19 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 33 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 90 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 65 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 17 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 7 strains of Escherichia coli were tested in vitro for minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 17 antimicrobial agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibility distribution and cumulative percentages of inhibited isolates by increasing concentrations of drugs were determined. The data were further analyzed to investigate the interrelation between such parameters as the age-distribution of patients by diseases of the respiratory system, sex and types of infection and the species and frequency of isolation of the organisms, and also the relationship between the antimicrobial chemotherapy prior to collection of clinical specimens and the species and incidence of the bacterial isolates. In respiratory infections, it is frequently that chemotherapy should be instituted with an appropriate drug even before the causative organism can be identified and assessed for its antimicrobial susceptibility. The present data may provide valuable informations in selecting appropriate drugs in practical, clinical use.

Adult↗