Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Shinohara

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinohara.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1984)].

Bacterial isolates from patients with pulmonary infections have been collected over the last 4 years in collaboration with investigators at 14 hospitals in various parts of Japan to study isolation frequency of pathogens from patients and drug susceptibilities of these isolates. Possible causative pathogens mainly isolated from sputum of patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected during a period from September 1984 to March 1985. We first determined types of respiratory diseases and found that, between 1981 and 1983, 57.9 approximately 64.5% of the examined diseases were chronic respiratory infections such as chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis, and that these infections including diffuse panbronchiolitis accounted for 63.1% in 1984. Bacterial pneumonia was found to be 24.8% in 1981, but it was 11.0% in 1983 and 15.1% in 1984. These results seemed to reflect decreases in the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia in young population. We then investigated the correlations between these infections and isolates and found that distributions of causative organisms of chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis during the 4 years were similar while the detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus from bacterial pneumonia increased in 1982 and 1983, and that of Gram-positive organisms such as Enterococcus faecalis rose in 1984. Branhamella catarrhalis was considered to be a non-pathogenic organism normally harbored in the upper respiratory tract. Recently, however, respiratory infections caused by this organism have been reported by some investigators. In our research also, this Gram-negative diplococcus was isolated as a causative organism of respiratory infections as 6 strains were found in 1983 and 29 strains in 1984, hence an increase was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The plasmin heavy chain-urokinase conjugate: a specific thrombolytic agent.

Low molecular weight urokinase (LMW-UK) was coupled to the heavy chain of plasmin to make it able to bind to fibrin. The purified conjugate (PHC-UK conjugate), which consisted of equimolar concentrations of each starting material had a molecular weight of 93,600, bound tightly to fibrin-monomer-Sepharose and was not washed off with 1 M NaCl, but was eluted specifically with epsilon-amino caproic acid. The conjugate showed higher fibrinolytic activity than HMW-UK. A control conjugate prepared by coupling human serum albumin to LMW-UK (HSA-UK conjugate) showed the same fibrinolytic activity as HMW-UK. The half-lives of these two conjugates in rabbits were about 3 times that of HMW-UK. In an experimental pulmonary embolism model in rabbits, the PHC-UK conjugate showed about 10 times higher thrombolytic activity than HMW-UK, while the HSA-UK conjugate showed similar thrombolytic activity as HMW-UK, and moreover caused severe systemic fibrinogen breakdown. Thus the significant increase in thrombolytic activity after injection of PHC-UK conjugate into rabbits may be due to its newly acquired fibrin binding activity, and not to increase in its half-life. It is concluded that the PHC-UK conjugate may be useful in treatment of thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Apparent glucose utilization in Walker 256 metastatic brain tumors.

Regional rates of apparent glucose utilization (GU) in metastatic Walker 256 (WL-256) brain tumors produced by the intracarotid injection of WL-256 tumor cells in rats were measured using 14C-deoxyglucose and quantitative autoradiography. Apparent glucose utilization was uniform within individual small and medium size tumors without necrosis, varied considerably among different tumors within this group, and did not correlate with tumor size or location. High values of GU in medium and large-size tumors correlated with viable-appearing tissue in contrast to necrotic tissue and were always 1.3 to 3 times higher than that of adjacent and contralateral nontumorous brain. The apparent net extraction of glucose (En) in viable tumor regions was estimated to be several fold higher than that in remote brain tissue; analysis of this data for medium and large tumors indicates that the calculated values of GU and En overestimate the actual rates of utilization and net extraction of glucose. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was higher than normal adjacent to small tumors and lower than normal adjacent to large tumors. The LCGU in many gray-matter structures remote from the intracerebral tumors was reduced and roughly proportional to the metastatic tumor burden. The comparatively high uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by viable tumor cells has diagnostic and localization value and suggests that appropriate glucose analogues could be developed to produce a tumor-selective inhibition of glycolysis and tumoricidal effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of streptozotocin diabetes on gingivitis in plaque-susceptible rats.

The periodontal pocket probing depths of mandibular incisors of plaque-susceptible (Sus) rats, which spontaneously exhibit gingivitis with accumulation of plaque, were increased 20 days after injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.v.). The accumulated plaque weights were also increased in Sus rats with streptozotocin diabetes, and a positive correlation was found between the plaque weights and the pocket depths. Histological findings showed that this inflammatory reaction in gingival tissue was higher and more extensive in diabetic Sus rats than in control Sus rats. These findings suggest that the accumulated plaque is the important factor for the severe breakdown of gingival tissue in this experimental model.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of etretinate on spermatogenesis and endocrine parameter function in man].

Nine adult men with psoriasis were treated orally with 50-75 mg/day aromatic retinoid, etretinate for more than 3 months. Semen analyses as well as measurement of serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol were performed before and every month during the therapy for 3 months or more in order to study the effects of the drug on male reproductive function. Average sperm concentration at 2 months after the treatment by the drug was higher than the untreated value, although this was statistically not significant due to greater variations. Decrease in sperm count during the therapy was observed only in one patient. Sperm concentration of this case, however, was recovered and increased to higher levels after 6 months on the drug. No change was found in other semen parameters including sperm morphology. All hormone levels remained unchanged except for prolactin which increased. We conclude that etretinate did not cause suppression of spermatogenesis nor impairment of sperm motility or morphology as far as shown by the present observation periods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Apparent glucose utilization in Walker 256 metastatic brain tumors.

Regional rates of apparent glucose utilization (GU) in metastatic Walker 256 (WL-256) brain tumors produced by the intracarotid injection of WL-256 tumor cells in rats were measured using 14C-deoxyglucose and quantitative autoradiography. Apparent glucose utilization was uniform within individual small and medium size tumors without necrosis, varied considerably among different tumors within this group, and did not correlate with tumor size or location. High values of GU in medium and large-size tumors correlated with viable-appearing tissue in contrast to necrotic tissue and were always 1.3 to 3 times higher than that of adjacent and contralateral nontumorous brain. The apparent net extraction of glucose (En*) in viable tumor regions was estimated to be several fold higher than that in remote brain tissue; analysis of this data for medium and large tumors indicates that the calculated values of GU and En* overestimate the actual rates of utilization and net extraction of glucose. Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was higher than normal adjacent to small tumors and lower than normal adjacent to larger tumors. The LCGU in many gray-matter structures remote from the intracerebral tumors was reduced and roughly proportional to the metastatic tumor burden. The comparatively high uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by viable tumor cells has diagnostic value and suggests that appropriate glucose analogues could be developed to produce a tumor-selective inhibition of glycolysis and tumoricidal effect.

Animals↗