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Biomedical subjects

M Shinohara

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinohara.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[A case report of acute renal failure induced by melphalan in a patient with ovarian cancer].

Melphalan is widely used in the chemotherapeutic treatment of an ovarian cancer. Bone marrow depression, nail change, hypersensitivity, chronic pulmonary fibrosis, and nausea and vomiting, are the side effects reported as a result of the toxicity of Melphalan. So far as we know, renal toxicity caused by Melphalan has not been reported in the past literature. A case of acute renal failure induced by Melphalan in a patient with 3rd stage ovarian cancer is presented in this paper. This therefore is the first report of renal toxicity caused by Melphalan.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of demented patients by dynamic SPECT of inhaled xenon-133.

We studied the potential for using dynamic single photon emission computed tomography of inhaled xenon-133 (133Xe) gas in the assessment of demented patients. An advanced ring-type single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) "HEADTOME" with improved spatial resolution [15 mm in full width at half maximum (FWHM)] was used for tomographic measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). All 34 patients underwent a detailed psychiatric examination and x-ray computed tomography scan, and matched research criteria for Alzheimer's disease (n = 13), senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (n = 9), or multi-infarct dementia (n = 12). In comparison with a senile control group (n = 7), mean CBF of both the whole brain and the temporo-parietal region was significantly less in the Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia Alzheimer type groups, but no significant difference was seen between the senile control group and multi-infarct dementia group. The correlation was 0.72 (p less than 0.004) between the mean CBF of the whole brain and the score of Hasegawa's Dementia Scale, and 0.94 (p less than 0.0001) between rCBF of the temporo-parietal region and the scale in Alzheimer's disease. In the senile dementia Alzheimer type group, the correlations were 0.77 (p less than 0.01) and 0.83 (p less than 0.004) respectively. No significant correlations were found in the multi-infarct dementia group. A temporo-parietal reduction in the distribution of the rCBF characteristic in the Alzheimer's disease group and a patchy whole brain reduction characteristic in the multi-infarct dementia group was detected. The ability of our improved SPECT to provide both quantitative measurement of rCBF and characteristic rCBF distribution patterns, makes it a promising tool for research or routine examination of demented patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A primary malignant lymphoma of the vulva--a case report].

Malignant lymphoma is a rare entity in the neoplasms of the female genital tract, and thus a case of malignant lymphoma of the vulva is reported in this paper. On admission, the patient, a 37-year-old, Japanese female, had complained of vulvar swelling and pain that had persisted for one month. Stage IV tumors were noted in the vulva and bladder and a histological diagnosis indicated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with diffuse, large cell and B cell types, according to the classification of the Lymphoma Study Group. The patient thus was treated with CH* OP therapy, which consisted of Cyclophosphamide, Aclarubicin Vincristine (Oncovin), and Prednine , and given brain irradiation. Unfortunately her condition has rapidly deteriorated during the 5 months since her admission.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1988

[An analysis of needle biopsy under ultrasonography of the thyroid gland].

A multivariate analysis of 47 thyroid nodules and 34 diffuse goiters has been employed to determine the cause of failure in thyroid biopsy under ultrasonography. In the thyroid nodule cases, 30 percent were found to have been misdiagnosed or judged to be an inappropriate sampling. The most important factor leading to failure is a size of tumor. Only one fourth of the small tumors of less than 1 cm were correctly diagnosed and, in cases of a relatively large cystic tumor or a peripherally located nodule, an exact diagnosis was difficult, though 90 percent of the diffuse goiters were difficult, though 90 percent of the diffuse goiters were correctly diagnosed by this method. This result indicates that needle biopsy of the thyroid gland is reliable in cases of a diffuse goiter but problems remain to be resolved in cases of small or cystic tumors and peripherally located nodules.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1985)].

Collaborated studies on species of respiratory tract infection (RTI)-related organisms for their identification and drug susceptibilities have been carried out since 1981 at about 20 centers in Japan. On this occasion, the data obtained between 1982 and 1985 were reanalyzed to determine whether or not drug susceptibilities differed depending upon diseases, from which the organisms were isolated. The results summarized below were obtained in this study. 1. Among Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa examined, differences in drug susceptibilities according to different diseases were found among S. aureus and also mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa. 2. Susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics was definitely lower in S. aureus strains isolated from pneumonia than in those isolated from chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasia. 3. The isolation frequency of methicillin-and cefazolin-resistant strains of S. aureus was 30.3% and 25.9%, respectively, and was especially high among strains isolated from pneumonia. The antibiotic potency of minocycline against S. aureus, including methicillin resistant S. aureus, was the strongest among 9 drugs examined; S. aureus maintained relatively sufficient sensitivity to dicloxacillin among beta-lactam antibiotics. 4. Mucoid producing strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from chronic bronchitis had slightly lower drug susceptibility than those isolated from bronchiectasia. 5. When drug susceptibilities of H. influenzae were compared among groups separated according to diseases using MIC50, MIC80 and MIC90 as indicators, there were no clear differences. The isolation frequency of ampicillin (ABPC)-resistant strains, however, was clearly different among diseases; namely, resistant strains were the most and the least frequently isolated from chronic bronchitis and from pneumonia, respectively. In addition, the drug susceptibility of H. influenzae isolated in 1985 was analyzed in relation to the production of beta-lactamase. As a result, it was suspected that some factors, other than beta-lactamase, participated in the mechanism of ABPC-resistance. 6. These results suggest that drugs to be used for the chemotherapy of RTI should be selected considering the fact that drug susceptibilities of the pathogens differ, even among the same species, according to diseases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of the plasmids of Escherichia coli O148:H28 from travellers with diarrhea.

98 Escherichia coli strains of serotype O148:H28 isolated from diarrheal patients from 10 Asian countries and Mexico at Osaka Airport Quarantine were analyzed for enterotoxigenicity and plasmid profile. They were classified into three groups. The first group contained 44 strains that were non-enterotoxigenic and carried 3.9 kb and 50 kb non-enterotoxin plasmids. The second group contained 9 strains that produced LT and ST. They carried a 45 kb enterotoxin plasmid, and 4.6 kb and 9.2 kb non-enterotoxin plasmids. The third group contained 45 strains that produced ST. They carried a 40 kb enterotoxin plasmid, and non-enterotoxin plasmids other than 3.9 kb, 4.6 kb, 9.2 kb and 50 kb. Southern blot hybridization demonstrated that all the non-enterotoxin or enterotoxin plasmids carried by the strains of the same group were identical or similar. These results suggested that the 98 E. coli strains with O148:H28 serotype were derived from three clones, and that the individual strains among each group were derived from a single clonal strain.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1987

[Susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections to antibiotics (1985)].

It has been more than 4 years since third-generation cephems were introduced into clinical practice. The range of our drug selection definitely tends to increase, because we today have more antibiotics with wider spectrum, antibiotics with strong activities only against Gram-negative strains, such as monobactams, and those with tremendously high activities such as quinolone carboxylic acid derivatives, in comparison to those we had in the past. Among isolates obtained mainly from sputa of 567 patients with lower respiratory tract infections at 16 institutions throughout Japan between September of 1985 and March of 1986, 741 strains were determined to be causative organisms. MIC's of various antimicrobial agents were determined against 67 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 100 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 199 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 92 strains of non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 40 strains of mucoid P. aeruginosa, 29 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 strains of Escherichia coli and for 42 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis out of the above 741 strains to determine their drug sensitivities. As for types of lower respiratory tract infections found in 1981--1983, 57.9--64.5% of the infections were chronic respiratory infections; i.e., chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis and bronchiectasis. These chronic infections, including diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), were found in 63.1% of lower respiratory tract infections in 1984. Their incidence dropped to 54.0% in 1985, even though DPB was included; i.e., the incidence of chronic bronchiolitis was 5.5%, that of DPB was 7.1%, and that of bronchial asthma associated with lower respiratory tract infections in 1985 was 8.8% which was twice as much as that found in 1981--1984. Although bacterial pneumonia was found in 24.8% of all the cases in 1981, its incidence was reduced to 11.0% in 1983, 15.1% in 1984, and 17.6% in 1985. This reduction seemed to have resulted from gradual decreases in the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia among the young population. As with usual years, a high incidence rate in a total lower respiratory tract infections in 1985 was found among older patients; namely, 73.5% was at the age of 50 or over (417/567). Next, we determined relationships between clinical isolates and isolates from respiratory infections, including chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis and DPB. H. influenzae was isolated from 50.5% of patients with these infections in 1981; however, the detection rate decreased by about 20% to 29.7% in 1985. P. aeruginosa was consistently isolated, between 24.1% and 30.4% every year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗